Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular
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Item Abelhas sem ferrão: educação para conservação – interação ensino-pesquisa-extensão voltada para o ensino fundamental(Revistal Brasileira de Extensão Universitária, 2016-09-16) Tavares, Mara Garcia; Araujo, João Marcos de; Santana, Weyder Cristiano; Elizeu, Arthur Mayrink; Silva, Lucas de Amaral; Ladeira, Josimar dos Santos; Rubinger, Mayura Marques Magalhães; Campos, Lúcio Antônio Oliveira; Lino Neto, JoséO projeto de extensão universitária em interface com a pesquisa “Abelhas sem Ferrão: Educação para Conservação” foi elaborado a partir dos conhecimentos gerados com pesquisas com abelhas nativas, com a missão de enriquecer o processo pedagógico, socializar o saber e possibilitar meios para a interação com a comunidade. O presente artigo relata a experiência vivida por alunos de três escolas da rede pública de Viçosa (MG). As atividades desenvolvidas foram: trilhas para localização de ninhos de abelhas no campus da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV) e no entorno das escolas, visita ao Apiário Central da UFV, oficinas, palestras, minicurso e acompanhamento de duas colônias de abelhas sem ferrão instaladas nas escolas. Os alunos também apresentaram os resultados de suas atividades nas escolas e na Feira do Conhecimento de Viçosa. Após análise dos questionários avaliativos utilizados, verificou-se que o desconhecimento inicial dos participantes sobre as abelhas brasileiras deu lugar a um considerável volume de novas informações e interesses sobre o tema. Além dos alunos, as professoras de Ciências das escolas participaram ativamente das atividades e consideraram que, além de propiciar oportunidades de aprendizagem para os estudantes, o projeto enriqueceu seus conhecimentos e estreitou as relações entre a comunidade escolar e a UFV. O projeto constituiu, ainda, excelente oportunidade de formação para pós-graduandos e graduandos. Como base nas trocas de experiências que ocorreram, verificou-se que a utilização de atividades não formais de educação é muito importante para um ensino mais eficiente.Item Achievement of constitutive fluorescent pLEXSY-egfp Leishmania braziliensis and its application as an alternative method for drug screening in vitro(Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 2016-10-20) Bastos, Matheus Silva e; Souza, Luciana Ângelo de; Onofre, Thiago Souza; Almeida, Márcia Rogéria de; Bressan, Gustavo Costa; Fietto, Juliana Lopes Rangel; Silva Júnior, AbelardoGene reporter-fluorescent cells have emerged as alternative method for drug screening. Achievement of constitutive expression of fluorescent protein GFP by Leishmania braziliensis as alternative method for drug screening. L. braziliensis-GFP was generated using Leishmania tarentolae pLEXSY-egfp for constitutive expression of GFP. Fluorescent cells were selected and subjected to standardisation tests of anti-promastigote and anti-intracellular amastigote assays. Our results showed that L. braziliensis-GFP method is faster and more sensitive than Allamar Blue-resazurin. Transfected parasites maintained stable fluorescence after successive in vitro passages and pLEXSY system can be used to achieve non-L. tarentolae fluorescent cells.Item Activity of Debaryomyces hansenii UFV-1 a-galactosidases against a-D-galactopyranoside derivatives(Carbohydrate Research, 2011-04-01) Rezende, Sebastião T. de; Viana, Pollyanna A.; Alves, Arianne de A.; Manfrini, Rozângela M.; Alves, Ricardo J.; Bemquerer, Marcelo P.; Santoro, Marcelo M.; Guimarães, Valéria M.α-d-Galactopyranosides were synthesized and their inhibitory activities toward the Debaryomyces hansenii UFV-1 extracellular and intracellular α-galactosidases were evaluated. Methyl α-d-galactopyranoside was the most potent inhibitor compared to the others tested, with values of 0.82 and 1.12 mmol L−1, for extracellular and intracellular enzymes, respectively. These results indicate that the presence of a hydroxyl group in the C-6 position of α-d-galactopyranoside derivatives is important for the recognition by D. hansenii UFV-1 α-galactosidases.Item Adaptação da lagarta de soja Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) ao inibidor de protease Benzamidina(Revista Ceres, 2009-11) Pilon, Anderson Martins; Oliveira, Maria Goreti Almeida; Pilon, Franciny Martins; Guedes, Raul Narciso Carvalho; Oliveira, Joel Antônio; Fazollo, AndersonO inibidor de serino protease benzamidina inibe a hidrólise protéica das proteases digestivas do tipo tripsina, no intestino médio das larvas de Anticarsia gemmatalis. No presente trabalho, lagartas de A. gemmatalis recém-eclodidas foram alimentadas com o inibidor de tripsina benzamidina nas concentrações 0; 0,25; 0,50; e 0,75% (p/p de dieta artificial). As diferentes concentrações do inibidor causaram impactos negativos ao desenvolvimento larval do inseto, como aumento do período larval e maior porcentagem de mortalidade. Entretanto, observou-se que, mesmo nas maio- res concentrações testadas de benzamidina, o inseto consegue se adaptar ao inibidor por remodelagem na quantidade e no tipo de enzima presentes durante a digestão da dieta artificial.Item Alfa-amilase em frangos de corte: efeitos do balanço eletrolítico e do nível protéico da dieta(Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 2005-12-19) Monteiro, Marcela Piedade; Moraes, George Henrique Kling de; Fanchiotti, Flavia Escapini; Oliveira, Maria Goreti de Almeida; Rodrigues, Ana Cláudia Peres; Albino, Luiz Fernando Teixeira; Guimarães, Valéria Monteze; Vieites, Flávio MedeirosUm experimento foi conduzido com pintos de corte macho para o estudo dos efeitos dos níveis de 20 e 23% de PB combinados com 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 mEq/kg de balanço dietético eletrolítico (BDE) sobre a atividade da a-amilase pancreática de frangos de corte de 1 a 21 dias de idade. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado. Dietas e água foram fornecidas ad libitum. Aos 1, 7, 14 e 21 dias, três aves de cada tratamento foram sacrificadas por deslocamento cervical para remoção do pâncreas, o qual foi removido, homogeneizado, congelado em nitrogênio líquido e liofilizado. Uma alíquota de cada amostra foi solubilizada em água deionizada e centrifugada a 7500 x g por 3 minutos a 4ºC, para determinação da atividade da a-amilase no sobrenadante. Aves alimentadas com 20% de PB apresentaram atividades específicas (U/mg de proteína) superiores à daquelas que receberam 23%, exceto para os níveis de BDE de 100 a 200 mEq/kg, aos 14 dias. Observou-se tendência de aumento da atividade específica dos 7 aos 14 dias e redução dos 14 aos 21 dias. Para maior atividade específica de a-amilase, recomendam-se dietas com 20% de PB e 200 mEq/kg de BDE na fase pré-inicial e dietas com 20% de PB e 135 a 250 mEq/kg de BDE para frangos de corte dos 8 aos 21 dias de idade.Item Allelism tests between the rust resistance gene present in common bean cultivar Ouro Negro and genes Ur-5 and Ur-11(Journal of Phytopathology, 2003-11-04) Alzate-Marin, A. L.; Souza, T. L. P. O. de; Ragagnin, V. A.; Moreira, M. A.; Barros, E. G. deThe pathogenic variability of the fungus Uromyces appendiculatus is an obstacle for the creation of rust‐resistant common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) varieties. Gene pyramiding is an alternative strategy for the development of varieties with durable resistance. However, to reach this goal it is important to identify different genes with ample resistance spectra. Cultivars Ouro Negro, Mexico 309 and Belmidak RR‐3 have been shown to be resistant to several rust races identified in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Ouro Negro is the only rust resistance source being used in the BIOAGRO/Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV) breeding programme, which aims at pyramiding resistance genes in the ‘carioca‐type’ cultivar Rudá. It would be also interesting to use Mexico 309 (Ur‐5) and Belmidak RR‐3 (Ur‐11) in the breeding programme. However, there is no available information on the possible allelic relationships between the Ouro Negro resistance gene and Ur‐5 and Ur‐11. This work aimed at: (1) determining the allelic relationship between the Ouro Negro resistance gene and Ur‐5 and Ur‐11; and (2) evaluating a random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker previously reported as being linked to Ur‐11, in populations from crosses between Belmidak RR‐3 and Rudá. The allelism tests confirmed that the Ouro Negro rust resistance gene is distinct from Ur‐5 and Ur‐11 and the molecular analyses confirmed that the RAPD marker can be used in our breeding programme to develop ‘carioca‐type’ cultivars with the Ur‐11 gene.Item Amblyomma nodosum (Acari: Ixodidae) parasitizing a domestic dog in Colatina, Espírito Santo, Brazil(Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária, 2012-12-04) Mazioli, Rafael; Mafra, Cláudio; Szabó, MatiasOn 27 Jan 2011 an adult Amblyomma nodosum tick was found attached to a domestic dog from the municipality of Colatina, state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. This is the first report of this tick species in this state and the second time it has been reported parasitizing a domestic dog in the country. For the time being, this finding should be regarded as incidental. However, more in-depth research into the hosts and ecology of A. nodosum is needed, since it has been associated to infectious agents that are potentially pathogenic for humans.Item Antibiotic activity of plectranthus ornatus codd., a traditional medicinal plant(Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 2017-10-16) Nascimento, Fernanda R.; Albuquerque, Kamylla R.S.; Oliveira, Marcos R.; Pizziolo, Virginia R.; Brasileiro, Beatriz G.; Diaz, Gaspar; Diaz, Marisa A.N.The dichloromethane extract of Plectranthus ornatus Codd., a tradicional medicinal plant, showed antibiotic activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 0.4 mg.mL-1 and 100 percent of biofilm inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from animals with mastitis infections. Based on these antibacterial activities, in addition to ethnopharmacological reports from healing men and farmers in Brazil, an herbal soap was produced from this active extract and was tested both in vitro and in vivo. In vivo assays conducted on these herbal soaps led to results similar to those previously conducted with the active extract. These results indicated the great potential of this plant for use as an excipient by preparing herbal antibacterial soaps as an alternative veterinary medicine aimed at controlling bovine mastitis infections on small Brazilian farms.Item Antileishmanial activity and evaluation of the mechanism of action of strychnobiflavone flavonoid isolated from Strychnos pseudoquina against Leishmania infantum(Parasitology Research, 2015-09-07) Lage, Paula S.; Chávez-Fumagalli, Miguel A.; Mesquita, Juliana T.; Mata, Laís M.; Fernandes, Simone O. A.; Cardoso, Valbert N.; Soto, Manuel; Tavares, Carlos A. P.; Leite, João P. V.; Tempone, Andre G.; Coelho, Eduardo A. F.The present study aimed to investigate the in vitro antileishmanial activity of strychnobiflavone flavonoid against Leishmania infantum, as well as its mechanism of action, and evaluate the ex vivo biodistribution profile of the flavonoid in naive BALB/c mice. The antileishmanial activity (IC50 value) of strychnobiflavone against stationary promastigote and amastigote-like stages of the parasites was of 5.4 and 18.9 μM, respectively; with a 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) value of 125.0 μM on murine macrophages, resulting in selectivity index (SI) of 23.2 and 6.6, respectively. Amphotericin B, used as a positive control, presented SI values of 7.6 and 3.3 for promastigote and amastigote-like stages of L. infantum, respectively. The strychnobiflavone was also effective in reducing in significant levels the percentage of infected macrophages, as well as the number of amastigotes per macrophage, after the treatment of infected macrophages using the flavonoid. By using different fluorescent probes, we investigated the bioenergetics metabolism of L. infantum promastigotes and demonstrated that the flavonoid caused the depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential, without affecting the production of reactive oxygen species. In addition, using SYTOX® green as a fluorescent probe, the strychnobiflavone demonstrated no interference in plasma membrane permeability. For the ex vivo biodistribution assays, the flavonoid was labeled with technetium-99m and studied in a mouse model by intraperitoneal route. After a single dose administration, the scintigraphic images demonstrated a highest uptake by the liver and spleen of the animals within 60 min, resulting in low concentrations after 24 h. The present study therefore demonstrated, for the first time, the antileishmanial activity of the strychnobiflavone against L. infantum, and suggests that the mitochondria of the parasites may be the possible target organelle. The preferential distribution of this compound into the liver and spleen of the animals could warrant its employ in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis.Item Antileishmanial activity and mechanism of action from a purified fraction of Zingiber officinalis Roscoe against Leishmania amazonensis(Experimental Parasitology, 2016-03-22) Duarte, Mariana C.; Tavares, Grasiele S.V.; Valadares, Diogo G.; Lage, Daniela P.; Ribeiro, Tatiana G.; Lage, Letícia M.R.; Rodrigues, Marcella R.; Faraco, André A.G.; Soto, Manuel; Silva, Eduardo S. da; Fumagalli, Miguel A. Chávez; Tavares, Carlos A.P.; Leite, João Paulo V.; Oliveira, Jamil S.; Castilho, Rachel O.; Coelho, Eduardo A.F.In recent years, considerable attention has been given to identify new antileishmanial products derived from medicinal plants, although, to date, no new effective compound has been recently applied to treat leishmaniasis. In the present study, the antileishmanial activity of a water extract from Zingiber officinalis Roscoe (ginger) was investigated and a purified fraction, named F10, was identified as responsible by this biological activity. The chemical characterization performed for this fraction showed that it is mainly composed by flavonoids and saponins. The water extract and the F10 fraction presented IC50 values of 125.5 and 49.8 μg/mL, respectively. Their selectivity indexes (SI) were calculated and values were seven and 40 times higher, respectively, in relation to the value found for amphotericin B, which was used as a control. Additional studies were performed to evaluate the toxicity of these compounds in human red blood cells, besides of the production of nitrite, as an indicator of nitric oxide (NO), in treated and infected macrophages. The results showed that both F10 fraction and water extract were not toxic to human cells, and they were able to stimulate the nitrite production, with values of 13.6 and 5.4 μM, respectively, suggesting that their biological activity could be due to macrophages activation via NO production. In conclusion, the present study shows that a purified fraction from ginger could be evaluated in future works as a therapeutic alternative, on its own or in association with other drugs, to treat disease caused by L. amazonensis.Item Antimetastatic effect of the pharmacological inhibition of serine/arginine-rich protein kinases (SRPK) in murine melanoma(Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 2018-10-01) Moreira, Gabriela Alves; Lima, Graziela Domingues de Almeida; Siqueira, Raoni Pais; Barros, Marcus Vinícius de Andrade; Adjanohoun, Abraham Landry Mahuvi; Santos, Viviane Corrêa; Barbosa, Éverton de Almeida Alves; Loterio, Robson Kriiger; Paiva, Janine Cerqueira de; Gonçalves, Victor Hugo Sousa; Viol, Lívia Cristina de Souza; Marques-da-Silva, Eduardo de Almeida; Silva Júnior, Abelardo; Almeida, Márcia Rogéria; Fietto, Juliana Lopes Rangel; Machado-Neves, Mariana; Ferreira, Rafaela Salgado; et al.The Serine/arginine-rich protein kinases (SRPK) are involved in pre-mRNA splicing control through the phosphorylation of the SR protein family of splicing factors. Over the last years, several studies have shown the relevance of SRPK for human cancers and their potential as promising drug targets. In this context, we have previously selected three trifluoromethyl arylamides (named here as SRVIC24, SRVIC30 and SRVIC36) with improved in vitro antileukemia effect and ability of impairing the cellular activity of SRPK. Given the increasing amount of reports on the implication of these kinases in metastatic cancers, in this study, we have evaluated the antimetastatic effect of these compounds and the known SRPK inhibitor (SRPIN340) on a murine model of metastatic melanoma. The compounds were able to impact the melanoma cell metastatic behavior by decreasing migration, invasion, adhesion, and colony formation in in vitro assays. Also, they presented antimetastatic in vivo activity, without apparent signs of systemic toxicity after treatments, as revealed by the histology of organs and analysis of key serum biochemical markers. Moreover, the effect of the treatments on SRPK1 nuclear translocation and SR protein phosphorylation was observed. Finally, molecular docking studies were carried out to gain structural information on the SRPK-compound complexes. Together, these data suggest that SRPK pharmacological inhibition should be considered as an interesting therapeutic strategy against metastatic cancers.Item Antioxidant study indicative of antibacterial and antimutagenic activities of an ellagitannin-rich aqueous extract from the leaves of Miconia latecrenata(Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2019-05-23) Diaz, Marisa Alves Nogueira; Fietto, Luciano Gomes; Leite, João Paulo Viana; Gontijo, Douglas Costa; Gontijo, Pablo Costa; Brandão, Geraldo Célio; Oliveira, Alaíde Braga deEthnopharmacological relevance; Several plant species of Miconia genus are commonly used in Brazilian folk medicine as anti-inflammatory agents and for the treatment of infectious diseases. Infusions and extracts of Miconia species are also reported as analgesic, antimicrobial, antimalarial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antimutagenic, and antitumoral. To determine the phytochemical composition of an aqueous extract of Miconia latecrenata leaves and to evaluate its antioxidant, antibacterial, antimutagenic and antigenotoxic activities. Materials and Methods; The following methods were used for the different effects: I) antioxidant - β-carotene/linoleic acid, lipid peroxidation, and DPPH• radical scavenging; II) antibacterial - agar well diffusion and MIC methods); III) antimutagenic assays - Ames Test; and IV) antigenotoxic - Plasmid cleavage test. The phytochemical analysis and phenolic quantification were carried out by UPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS and colorimetry, respectively. In addition, statistical correlation analysis was performed aiming to evaluate the Pearson correlation betweenphenolic compounds and biological assays. A high content of tannins was observed and the ellagitannin isomers of 1,2,3,5-tris-galloyl-4,6-HHDP-glucose were identified as the main constituents of the leaves aqueous extract. High antioxidant effect, in different tests, highantibacterial activity to gram-positive and negative strains, as well as high antimutagenic activity were observed. Statistical analysis showed a high Pearson correlation for the tannin content in relation to the results of the antioxidant and antibacterial tests. In general, the antioxidant action of the aqueous extract showed low correlation with the antimutagenic activity. The present results confirmed the expectations regarding the pharmacological profile of M. latecrenata supporting its therapeutic potential in relation to ROS/RNS related disorders. Furthermore, the phenolic compounds of M. latecrenata can act, in turn, minimizing or inhibiting the biological macromolecules damage, especially DNA.Item Application of PE‐RADSeq to the study of genomic diversity and divergence of two Brazilian marmoset species (Callithrix jacchus and C. penicillata)(American Journal of Primatology, 2016-07-12) Malukiewicz, Joanna; Guschanski, Katerina; Grativol, Adriana D.; Oliveira, Maria Adélia B.; Ruiz‐Miranda, Carlos R.; Stone, Anne C.Callithrix jacchus and C. penicillata are among the smallest anthropoid primates, are highly specialized tree gougers, and largely occupy Brazil's most extreme, semi‐arid biomes. However, the underlying genomic factors that underpin the evolution of these species and their unique traits are under‐investigated. Additionally, exotic populations of these two species are widely established throughout Brazil and hybridize with threatened native congers. Thus, both genomic and conservation factors call for a better understanding of C. jacchus and C. penicillata evolution. Here, we applied PE‐RADseq to characterize genomic variation in these two species, using six C. jacchus and seven C. penicillata individuals. We identified an average of 7,463 and 5,180 SNPs/individual in C. penicillata and C. jacchus, respectively, and also found 1,395 variable sites that were represented in both species. C. penicillata showed overall higher levels of genetic diversity than C. jacchus at the variable sites present in both species. Additionally, among these variable sites, 106 showed relative interspecific divergence levels that were significantly higher than the genome‐wide average. We further compared relative and absolute divergence for C. penicillata and C. jacchus between RAD loci associated with the 106 significantly diverged variable sites and all other RAD loci present in both species. The former RAD loci set showed significantly elevated relative and absolute divergence measures in comparison to the latter set. This convergence suggests that C. jacchus and C. penicillata may have diverged under a scenario of gene flow under secondary contact. Here, we demonstrate that RADseq is an efficient method to simultaneously discover and genotype a large number of markers and validate the utility of RADseq for examining Callithrix evolutionItem Arabidopsis and tobacco plants ectopically expressing the soybean antiquitin-like ALDH7 gene display enhanced tolerance to drought, salinity, and oxidative stress(Journal of Experimental Botany, 2006-01-23) Rodrigues, Simone M.; Andrade, Maxuel O.; Gomes, Ana Paula Soares; DaMatta, Fabio M.; Baracat-Pereira, Maria C.; Fontes, Elizabeth P.B.Despite extensive studies in eukaryotic aldehyde dehydrogenases, functional information about the ALDH7 antiquitin-like proteins is lacking. A soybean antiquitin homologue gene, designated GmTP55, has been isolated which encodes a dehydrogenase motif-containing 55 kDa protein induced by dehydration and salt stress. GmTP55 is closely related to the stress-induced plant antiquitin-like proteins that belong to the ALDH7 family. Transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants constitutively expressing GmTP55 have been obtained in order to examine the physiological role of this enzyme under a variety of stress conditions. Ectopic expression of GmTP55 in both Arabidopsis and tobacco conferred tolerance to salinity during germination and to water deficit during plant growth. Under salt stress, the germination efficiency of both transgenic tobacco and Arabidopsis seeds was significantly higher than that of their control counterparts. Likewise, under progressive drought, the transgenic tobacco lines apparently kept the shoot turgidity to a normal level, which contrasted with the leaf wilt phenotype of control plants. The transgenic plants also exhibited an enhanced tolerance to H2O2- and paraquat-induced oxidative stress. Both GmTP55-expressing Arabidopsis and tobacco seeds germinated efficiently in medium supplemented with H2O2, whereas the germination of control seeds was drastically impaired. Similarly, transgenic tobacco leaf discs treated with paraquat displayed a significant reduction in the necrotic lesions as compared with control leaves. These transgenic lines also exhibited a lower concentration of lipid peroxidation-derived reactive aldehydes under oxidative stress. These results suggest that antiquitin may be involved in adaptive responses mediated by a physiologically relevant detoxification pathway in plants.Item An association between milk and slime increases biofilm production by bovine Staphylococcus aureus(Biomed Central Public Veterinary Research, 2015-01-16) Fabres-Klein, Mary Hellen; Santos, Mário Junior Caizer; Klein, Raphael Contelli; Souza, Guilherme Nunes de; Ribon, Andrea de Oliveira BarrosStaphylococcus aureus is associated with chronic mastitis in cattle, and disease manifestation is usually refractory to antibiotic therapy. Biofilm production is a key element of S. aureus pathogenesis and may contribute to the treatment failure that is consistently reported by veterinarians. Minas Gerais State is the largest milk-producing state in Brazil, and the characterization of bacterial isolates is an important aspect of disease control for dairy farmers. Here, we investigated the potential of S. aureus isolated from bovine mastitis to produce slime and biofilm in a skim-milk medium and classified the isolates according to their agr type.Item Association of candidate genes for fatty acid content in soybean by temperature-switch PCR (TSP) genotyping(Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, 2018-07) Bueno, Rafael Delmond; God, Pedro Ivo Vieira Good; Prata, Isadora Oliveira; Pereira, Pedro Henrique Scarpelli; Teixeira, Arlindo Inês; Piovesan, Newton Deniz; Barros, Everaldo Gonçalves deThe development of molecular markers is essential for improvement of soybean cultivars with modified fatty acid content. The objective of this study was to identify and validate SNP markers in candidate genes for fatty acid content in soybean. Six candidate genes (ARAF, PDAT, ABI3, FAD2-1b, FAD3B, and FAD3C) were selected. Alignment of gene sequences identified 25 SNPs and 3 INDELs. TSP primers were used to identify SNP alleles. 259 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) (FA22 / CD219) and 185 F2 progenies (A29 / Tucunaré) were tested for association of SNPs. An SNP for FAD3B was associated with variation in content of linoleic acid (R2 = 5.84%) and linolenic acid (R2 = 6.79%). In FAD3C, an SNP was associated with linoleic and linolenic acids (R2 of 9.21% and 18.51%, respectively). The ABI3 gene was associated with palmitic acid, with R2 = 5.41%. The SNP markers identified will be used in assisted selection for improvement of fatty acid content.Item Atividade da amilase em rã-touro durante a fase pós-metamórfica(Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 2005-10) Oliveira, Maria Goreti de Almeida; Lima, William Cardoso; Euclydes, Ricardo Frederico; Braga, Luís Gustavo TavaresO objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade da amilase no quimo da rã-touro, Rana catesbeiana Shaw 1802 (3,6 a 200 g). Oitenta e sete animais foram distribuídos em baias-testes com temperatura e fotoperíodo controlados. As rãs selecionadas na fase pós-metamórfica receberam ração comercial extrusada ad libitum. Durante 87 dias de experimento, foram efetuadas 29 coletas em intervalos de 1 a 8 dias. As coletas do conteúdo intestinal foram feitas mediante a insensibilização das rãs em gelo e água e isolamento posterior do intestino delgado das mesmas. Para os testes da atividade da amilase, foram utilizados kits enzimáticos comerciais. A atividade da amilase foi observada a partir do terceiro dia e apresentou aumento até alcançar estabilidade, quando os animais pesavam 4,35 g. Do sétimo dia até o final do experimento, ocorreu a manutenção da estabilidade da atividade (137,44 UI) e atividade específica da amilase (14.688 UI mg-1).Item Avaliação da concentração de proteínas e da atividade de α-galactosidases nos cotilédones e no eixo embrionário de sementes de Dalbergia nigra durante a germinação(Acta Amazonica, 2011) Carrijo, Lanna Clicia; Borges, Eduardo Euclydes de Lima e; Rezende, Sebastião Tavares de; Pontes, Cláudia Aparecida; Silva, Aderlan Gomes da; Lopes, Mariana RochaEste trabalho teve como objetivos a quantificação de proteínas e da atividade da enzima α-galactosidase, no eixo embrionário e nos cotilédones, de sementes de Dalbergia nigra (jacarandá-da-bahia) durante a germinação. As sementes foram colocadas para embeber em água por sete dias, sendo retiradas amostras para a avaliação bioquímica e cinética da enzima. A atividade da enzima α-galactosidase aumenta com a embebição das sementes nos dois compartimentos, embora não esteja presente no eixo embrionário de sementes secas. A diferença na atividade da enzima entre os cotilédones e o eixo embrionário foi significativa. O pH 5,5 foi o de máxima atividade para as enzimas de ambos os compartimentos. A temperatura que mais estimulou a atividade da enzima nos cotilédones foi 50 ºC e de 50 a 60 ºC no eixo embrionário. A atividade da α-galactosidase foi inibida por β-mercaptoetanol e cobre, em ambos os compartimentos, enquanto a lactose e o cloreto de sódio estimularam a atividade tanto nos cotilédones como no eixo embrionário. Os valores de KM para enzimas do eixo embrionário e dos cotilédones foram de 0,239 e 0,228 mM, respectivamente.Item Avaliação da qualidade óssea mediante parâmetros morfométricos, bioquímicos e biomecânicos em frangos de corte(Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 2009-04-15) Barbosa, Anderson de Almeida; Moraes, George Henrique Kling de; Torres, Robledo de Almeida; Reis, Denise Torres da Cruz; Rodrigues, Conrado de Souza; Müller, Elisa SialinoObjetivou-se determinar aspectos bioquímicos, morfométricos e biomecânicos dos fêmures de frangos de corte. Utilizaram-se 600 pintos de 1 dia de idade, machos e fêmeas, de três híbridos (Hb1 e Hb2 - UFV e Hb3 - comercial). As aves foram alimentadas à vontade com rações para as fases inicial (1 a 21 dias), de crescimento (22 a 35 dias) e final (36 a 42 dias). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3 × 2, composto de três cruzamentos e dois sexos, cinco repetições e dez aves por unidade experimental (boxe). Avaliaram-se no fêmur o peso, o comprimento, a área da seção transversal, o momento de inércia, a carga máxima na flexão, a tenacidade e resistência à flexão, o conteúdo de proteínas colagenosas e não-colagenosas e o peso vivo das aves. Aos 21, 28, 35 e 42 dias de idade, foram amostrados aleatoriamente um macho e uma fêmea por boxe, num total de cinco boxes por híbrido. Entre híbridos, Hb3 apresentou maior peso vivo em todas as idades e, entre sexos, os machos foram mais pesados. A força máxima na flexão foi maior para os machos e, para os híbridos, Hb3 foi maior que Hb1 e igual a Hb2 aos 42 dias. O piores resultados de tenacidade e resistência à flexão foram observados nos machos híbridos Hb2, que não diferiram dos Hb3 quanto à resistência à flexão aos 42 dias nem quanto à tenacidade medida em todas as idades, o que caracteriza baixa qualidade óssea dos híbridos Hb3 e machos. Devem-se considerar aspectos biomecânicos como tenacidade e resistência à flexão para corrigir e evitar o aparecimento das desordens ósseas provenientes do aumento de peso em frangos de corte.Item Avaliação da resistência de isolinhas de feijoeiro a diferentes patótipos de Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, Uromyces appendiculatus e Phaeoisariopsis griseola(Fitopatologia Brasileira, 2003-11) Ragagnin, Vilmar Antonio; Alzate-Marin, Ana Lília; Souza, Thiago Livio P. O.; Arruda, Klever Márcio A.; Moreira, Maurilio A.; Barros, Everaldo G.Isolinhas de feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris)derivadas da cultivar Rudá, com grãos do tipo "carioca", contendo os genes de resistência à antracnose (Co-4 do cv. TOou Co-6 do cv. AB 136 ou Co-10 do cv. Ouro Negro), ferrugem (gene do cv. Ouro Negro) e mancha-angular (phg-1 da linhagem AND 277) foram desenvolvidas pelo Programa de Melhoramento do Feijoeiro do BIOAGRO/UFV, para serem utilizadas na piramidação desses genes em uma única cultivar. Este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar o espectro de resistência dessas isolinhas a diferentes patótipos de Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, Uromyces appendiculatus e Phaeoisariopsis griseola, visando selecionar as linhagens mais similares aos progenitores doadores quanto à sua resistência. Para isto, foram conduzidas inoculações artificiais com 18 patótipos de C. lindemuthianum, dez patótipos de U. appendiculatus e quatro patótipos de P. griseola. Para resistência à antracnose, foi selecionada uma linhagem do cruzamento Rudá x TO, homozigota resistente a 17 patótipos, uma linhagem do retrocruzamento Rudá x AB 136, homozigota resistente a 15 patótipos e uma linhagem do cruzamento Rudá x Ouro Negro, homozigota resistente a 15 patótipos de C. lindemuthianum. Para resistência à ferrugem, uma linhagem do cruzamento Rudá x Ouro Negro, apresentou-se homozigota resistente aos dez patótipos de U. appendiculatus testados. Para resistência à mancha-angular, uma linhagem do cruzamento Rudá x AND277 apresentou-se homozigota resistente aos quatro patótipos de P. griseola inoculados. As melhores isolinhas estão sendo intercruzadas visando a piramidação de genes de resistência à ferrugem, à antracnose e à mancha-angular e o desenvolvimento de cultivares essencialmente derivadas da cultivar Rudá.