Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde
URI permanente desta comunidadehttps://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3
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Item Toxicological assessments of lethal and sublethal effects caused by exposure to agrochemicals in stingless bees (APIDAE, Meliponini)(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2022-07-18) Botina Jojoa, Lorena Lisbetd; Martins, Gustavo Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1172197581383868Brazil has a wide diversity of species of stingless bees of the tribe Meliponini, with 244 described species. In the last decade, after a reported decline in bees’ colonies, stingless bees have been used as a study model in toxicological assessments in the tropical regions. These assessments consider mainly the risks associated with exposure to agrochemicals, which can affect the health of these essential pollinators and consequently compromise their ecosystem services. The present study aimed (a) to review the literature considering the toxicological assessments of agrochemicals in stingless bees in Brazil, (b) to provide a big picture considering the scenario and the trends of research on bees and their interaction with agrochemicals in the last 76 years, including species, methods of exposure and tested agrochemicals, (c) to provide adapted protocols for carrying out toxicological assessments in stingless bees; and (d) to assess the lethal and sublethal effects of larval exposure on the stingless bee Partamona helleri to different agrochemicals. Data from the literature review and meta-analysis (implementing artificial intelligence) underwent identification, screening, eligibility and inclusion phases, and toxicological assessments with agrochemicals were analyzed according to exposure via and development stage. The number of studies considering the exposure of stingless bees to agrochemicals, particularly insecticides, has increased over the last decade. However, these studies cover only 2.9% of the stingless bee species in Brazil. Toxicological assessments of agrochemicals on pollinators mainly comprise the order Hymenoptera (Apidae), on emphasis Apis mellifera. The group of insecticides, especially neonicotinoids, were the most studied in bees and the main route of exposure used was acute and under laboratory conditions. The protocols described here were successfully validated, exhibiting a high survival rate between 80 – 100% of the control treatment via chronic exposure in larvae and via acute exposure in adults, respectively, which is necessary to satisfy regulatory authorities. The survival rate of larvae orally treated with three agrochemicals was affected, according to dose and type of compound, and the recommended field doses of copper sulfate (CuSO4), and spinosad were highly toxic, unlike glyphosate. Locomotion was altered in adults derived from treated larvae, and the gut microbiota composition did not change by agrochemical. It can conclude that the systematic reviews, the description of the methods of toxicological assessments and exposure to agrochemicals assessing the possible lethal and sublethal effects on stingless bees described here can improve the knowledge regarding the role that agrochemicals play in the decline of stingless bees, as well as point out the gaps that need to be filled. In this way, the data obtained provide a comprehensive overview of the risks that these pollinators may be suffering because of human activities. Keywords: Behavior. Gut microbiota. Risk assessment. Systematic review. Wild bees.Item Behavior and gut microbiome of the stingless bee Partamona helleri under sublethal exposure to a leaf fertilizer and a bioinsecticide(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2018-07-26) Botina Jojoa, Lorena Lisbetd; Martins, Gustavo Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1172197581383868The gut microbiome is related with nutritional health and immunocompetence of insects, besides is essential to neutralize impairs caused by pathogens or xenobiotics. Agrochemicals are regarded as one of the culprits often associated with the decline of bees, which occur by lethal and sublethal exposures during the foraging and, posteriorly with the food contamination within colony. In natural condition, is know that stingless bees have been submitted to chronic exposures by agrochemicals, which can compromise the gut microbiome and behavior in bees favoring for colony collapse, however, the effect of the leaf fertilizers and bioinsecticides remain neglected and are potentially important. Herein, we assess the sublethal effect of leaf fertilizer copper sulphate and bioinsecticide spinosad on forage bee behavior and gut microbiome composition of the stingless bee Partamona helleri (Friese), an important pollinator native in Neotropical region. Behavior bioassays and composition of gut microbiome were performed with forage bees orally exposed to LC 5 estimated from copper sulphate and spinosad. The characterizing of gut microbiota was through sequencing on illumina Miseq platform of the V4-V5 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. The sublethal exposure to copper sulphate and spinosad did not affect in pattern on the overall activity, flight take-off and feed consumption. In contrast, copper sulphate decreases respiration rate and caused accumulation of copper in bodies of bees exposed. Neither copper sulphate nor spinosad altered the richness of the gut microbiome, but spinosad increased the differential abundance of the genus Gilliamella. In conclusion, agrochemicals considered safe for pollinators can exhibit high toxicity to stingless bees, revealing sublethal effects on physiology and changes in the differential abundance the gut microbiome of P. helleri. compromising the pollination services in Neotropical region that provide these pollinators, and therefore deserve further investigations.