Fitopatologia - Artigos
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/11741
Navegar
16 resultados
Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales: second update 2018(Archives of Virology, 2019-04) Zerbini, F. Murilo; Maes, Piet; Amarasinghe, Gaya K.; Ayllón, María A.; Basler, Christopher F.; Bavari, Sina; Blasdell, Kim R.; Briese, Thomas; Brown, Paul A.; Bukreyev, Alexander; Balkema-Buschmann, Anne; Buchholz, Ursula J.; Chandran, Kartik; Crozier, Ian; Swart, Rik L. de; Dietzgen, Ralf G.; Dolnik, Olga; Domier, Leslie L.In October 2018, the order Mononegavirales was amended by the establishment of three new families and three new genera, abolishment of two genera, and creation of 28 novel species. This article presents the updated taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales as now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV).Item Strengthening the interaction of the virology community with the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by linking virus names and their abbreviations to virus species(Systematic Biology, 2019) Zerbini, Francisco Murilo; Calisher, Charles H.; Briese, Thomas; Brister, J. Rodney; Charrel, Rémi N.; Dürrwald, Ralf; Ebihara, Hideki; Fulhorst, Charles F.; Gāo, George Fú; Groschup, Martin H.; Haddow, Andrew D.; Hyndman, Timothy H.; Junglen, Sandra; Klempa, Boris; Klingström, Jonas; Kropinski, Andrew M.; Krupovic, Mart; et al.The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) is tasked with classifying viruses into taxa (phyla to species) and devising taxon names. Virus names and virus name abbreviations are currently not within the ICTV’s official remit and are not regulated by an official entity. Many scientists, medical/veterinary professionals, and regulatory agencies do not address evolutionary questions nor are they concerned with the hierarchical organization of the viral world, and therefore, have limited use for ICTV-devised taxa. Instead, these professionals look to the ICTV as an expert point source that provides the most current taxonomic affiliations of viruses of interests to facilitate document writing. These needs are currently unmet as an ICTV-supported, easily searchable database that includes all published virus names and abbreviations linked to their taxa is not available. In addition, in stark contrast to other biological taxonomic frameworks, virus taxonomy currently permits individual species to have several members. Consequently, confusion emerges among those who are not aware of the difference between taxa and viruses, and because certain well-known viruses cannot be located in ICTV publications or be linked to their species. In addition, the number of duplicate names and abbreviations has increased dramatically in the literature. To solve this conundrum, the ICTV could mandate listing all viruses of established species and all reported unclassified viruses in forthcoming online ICTV Reports and create a searchable webpage using this information. The International Union of Microbiology Societies could also consider changing the mandate of the ICTV to include the nomenclature of all viruses in addition to taxon considerations. With such a mandate expansion, official virus names and virus name abbreviations could be catalogued and virus nomenclature could be standardized. As a result, the ICTV would become an even more useful resource for all stakeholders in virology.Item Mycobiota of the weed Tradescantia fluminensis in its native range in Brazil with particular reference to classical biological control(Australasian Plant Pathology, 2016-02) Macedo, D. M.; Pereira, O. L.; Hora Júnior, B. T.; Weir, B. S.; Barreto, R. W.Tradescantia fluminensis [Commelinaceae] (common name wandering Jew or trad), is a native Brazilian herbaceous plant, which has been introduced to be used as an ornamental in many warm areas of the world. In New Zealand and other countries it has become an aggressive invader of natural ecosystems, causing serious environmental disturbances and threatening biodiversity. Surveys of pathogen and insect natural enemies of T. fluminensis were conducted over several years in Brazil to identify potential candidates for use as classical biological control agents in New Zealand. The surveys found seven pathogenic fungi associated with T. fluminensis and related Tradescantia species: Cercospora apii (leaf spot), Rhizoctonia solani (leaf blight), Sclerotium rolfsii (crown rot) and Uromyces commelinae (rust), and three novel species described in this paper: Ceratobasidium tradescantiae sp. nov. (web blight), Colletotrichum riograndense sp. nov. (anthracnose) and Kordyana brasiliensis sp. nov. (white smut-like disease). Observations of damage in the field and expected host-range suggest that K. brasiliensis and U. commelinae have the highest potential for use as classical biological control agents.Item Colletotrichum dracaenophilum causes anthracnose on Dracaena braunii in Brazil(Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 2016-12) Macedo, D. M.; Barreto, R. W.Dracaena braunii (lucky bamboo) is a plant of West Africa widely used as an ornamental. Recently individuals bearing anthracnose symptoms were found in Viçosa (state of Minas Gerais, Brazil). Morphology was typical of Colletotrichum dracaenophilum and sequence analyses indicated a high homology to the internal transcribed spacer region and Beta tubulin with the ex-type sequences of this species. This is the first record in Brazil.Item Multilocus phylogeny of Clonostachys subgenus Bionectria from Brazil and description of Clonostachys chloroleuca sp. nov.(Mycological Progress, 2016-10) Abreu, Lucas M.; Moreira, Gláucia M.; Carvalho, Vívian G.; Schroers, Hans-Josef; Pfenning, Ludwig H.Phylogenetic analyses based on protein-encoding gene exons and introns of ATP citrate lyase (ACL1), beta tubulin (TUB), the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB1), and translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1) are used for inferring the existence of a new Clonostachys species from the Cerrado biome in Brazil, described here as C. chloroleuca. The species produces dimorphic, primary, and secondary conidiophores that form consistently greenish conidial masses on artificial media. It resembles therefore C. rosea f. catenulata although it differs from this species by less adpressed branches in the secondary conidiophores. The new species is also phylogenetically related to C. byssicola and C. rhizophaga. Our inventory suggests that C. byssicola, C. chloroleuca, C. pseudochroleuca, C. rhizophaga, C. rogersoniana, and C. rosea commonly occur in native and agriculturally used soils of the Cerrado and Amazon Forest. Using sequences available from two genome-sequenced strains employed as biological control agents, we confirm the identity of the European strain IK726 as C. rosea and identify strain 67-1 from China as C. chloroleuca.Item Changes to taxonomy and the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2018)(Archives of Virology, 2018-05-12) Zerbini, Francisco Murilo; King, Andrew M. Q.; Lefkowitz, Elliot J.; Mushegian, Arcady R.; Adams, Michael J.; Dutilh, Bas E.; Gorbalenya, Alexander E.; Harrach, Balázs; Harrison, Robert L.; Junglen, Sandra; Knowles, Nick J.; Kropinski, Andrew M.; Krupovic, Mart; Kuhn, Jens H.; Nibert, Max L.; Sabanadzovic, Sead; Rubino, Luisa; et al.This article lists the changes to virus taxonomy approved and ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses in February 2018. A total of 451 species, 69 genera, 11 subfamilies, 9 families and one new order were added to the taxonomy. The current totals at each taxonomic level now stand at 9 orders, 131 families, 46 subfamilies, 803 genera and 4853 species. A change was made to the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature to allow the use of the names of people in taxon names under appropriate circumstances. An updated Master Species List incorporating the approved changes was released in March 2018Item The faces of fungi database: fungal names linked with morphology, phylogeny and human impacts(Fungal Diversity, 2015-11-03) Pereira, Olinto L.; Jayasiri, Subashini C.; Hyde, Kevin D.; Ariyawansa, Hiran A.; Bhat, Jayarama; Buyck, Bart; Cai, Lei; Dai, Yu-Cheng; Abd-Elsalam, Kamel A.; Ertz, Damien; Hidayat, Iman; Jeewon, Rajesh; Jones, E. B. Gareth; Bahkali, Ali H.; Karunarathna, Samantha C.; Liu, Jian-Kui; Luangsa-ard, J. Jennifer; et al.Taxonomic names are key links between various databases that store information on different organisms. Several global fungal nomenclural and taxonomic databases (notably Index Fungorum, Species Fungorum and MycoBank) can be sourced to find taxonomic details about fungi, while DNA sequence data can be sourced from NCBI, EBI and UNITE databases. Although the sequence data may be linked to a name, the quality of the metadata is variable and generally there is no corresponding link to images, descriptions or herbarium material. There is generally no way to establish the accuracy of the names in these genomic databases, other than whether the submission is from a reputable source. To tackle this problem, a new database (FacesofFungi), accessible at www.facesoffungi.org (FoF) has been established. This fungal database allows deposition of taxonomic data, phenotypic details and other useful data, which will enhance our current taxonomic understanding and ultimately enable mycologists to gain better and updated insights into the current fungal classification system. In addition, the database will also allow access to comprehensive metadata including descriptions of voucher and type specimens. This database is user-friendly, providing links and easy access between taxonomic ranks, with the classification system based primarily on molecular data (from the literature and via updated web-based phylogenetic trees), and to a lesser extent on morphological data when molecular data are unavailable. In FoF species are not only linked to the closest phylogenetic representatives, but also relevant data is provided, wherever available, on various applied aspects, such as ecological, industrial, quarantine and chemical uses. The data include the three main fungal groups (Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Basal fungi) and fungus-like organisms. The FoF webpage is an output funded by the Mushroom Research Foundation which is an NGO with seven directors with mycological expertise. The webpage has 76 curators, and with the help of these specialists, FoF will provide an updated natural classification of the fungi, with illustrated accounts of species linked to molecular data. The present paper introduces the FoF database to the scientific community and briefly reviews some of the problems associated with classification and identification of the main fungal groups. The structure and use of the database is then explained. We would like to invite all mycologists to contribute to these web pages.Item Revision of Begomovirus taxonomy based on pairwise sequence comparisons(Archives of Virology, 2015-04-18) Zerbini, F. Murilo; Brown, Judith K.; Navas-Castillo, Jesús; Moriones, Enrique; Ramos-Sobrinho, Roberto; Silva, José C. F.; Fiallo-Olivé, Elvira; Briddon, Rob W.; Hernández-Zepeda, Cecilia; Idris, Ali; Malathi, V. G.; Martin, Darren P.; Rivera-Bustamante, Rafael; Ueda, Shigenori; Varsani, ArvindViruses of the genus Begomovirus (family Geminiviridae) are emergent pathogens of crops throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. By virtue of having a small DNA genome that is easily cloned, and due to the recent innovations in cloning and low-cost sequencing, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of available begomovirus genome sequences. Even so, most of the available sequences have been obtained from cultivated plants and are likely a small and phylogenetically unrepresentative sample of begomovirus diversity, a factor constraining taxonomic decisions such as the establishment of operationally useful species demarcation criteria. In addition, problems in assigning new viruses to established species have highlighted shortcomings in the previously recommended mechanism of species demarcation. Based on the analysis of 3,123 full-length begomovirus genome (or DNA-A component) sequences available in public databases as of December 2012, a set of revised guidelines for the classification and nomenclature of begomoviruses are proposed. The guidelines primarily consider a) genus-level biological characteristics and b) results obtained using a standardized classification tool, Sequence Demarcation Tool, which performs pairwise sequence alignments and identity calculations. These guidelines are consistent with the recently published recommendations for the genera Mastrevirus and Curtovirus of the family Geminiviridae. Genome-wide pairwise identities of 91 % and 94 % are proposed as the demarcation threshold for begomoviruses belonging to different species and strains, respectively. Procedures and guidelines are outlined for resolving conflicts that may arise when assigning species and strains to categories wherever the pairwise identity falls on or very near the demarcation threshold value.Item ICTV virus taxonomy profile: Geminiviridae(Journal Of General Virology, 2017-02-08) Zerbini, F. Murilo; Briddon, Rob W; Idris, Ali; Martin, Darren P; Moriones, Enrique; Castillo, Jesús Navas; Bustamante, Rafael Rivera; Roumagnac, Philippe; Varsani, ArvindThe geminiviruses are a family of small, non-enveloped viruses with single stranded, circular DNA genomes of 2500–5200 bases. Geminiviruses are transmitted by various types of insect (whiteflies, leafhoppers, treehoppers and aphids). Members of the genus Begomovirus are transmitted by whiteflies, those in the genera Becurtovirus, Curtovirus, Grablovirus, Mastrevirus and Turncurtovirus are transmitted by specific leafhoppers, the single member of the genus Topocuvirus is transmitted by a treehopper and one member of the genus Capulavirus is transmitted by an aphid. Geminiviruses are plant pathogens causing economically important diseases in most tropical and subtropical regions of the world. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the taxonomy of the Geminiviridae which is available at www.ictv.global/ report/geminiviridae.Item Virus taxonomy in the age of metagenomics(Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2017-03) Simmonds, Peter; Adams, Mike J.; Benko, Mária; Breitbart, Mya; Brister, J. Rodney; Zerbini, F. Murilo; Carstens, Eric B.; Davison, Andrew J.; Delwart, Eric; Gorbalenya, Alexander E.; Harrach, Balázs; Hull, Roger; King, Andrew M.Q.; Koonin, Eugene V.; Krupovic, Mart; Kuhn, Jens H.; Lefkowitz, Elliot J.; et al.The number and diversity of viral sequences that are identified in metagenomic data far exceeds that of experimentally characterized virus isolates. In a recent workshop, a panel of experts discussed the proposal that, with appropriate quality control, viruses that are known only from metagenomic data can, and should be, incorporated into the official classification scheme of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Although a taxonomy that is based on metagenomic sequence data alone represents a substantial departure from the traditional reliance on phenotypic properties, the development of a robust framework for sequence-based virus taxonomy is indispensable for the comprehensive characterization of the global virome. In this Consensus Statement article, we consider the rationale for why metagenomic sequence data should, and how it can, be incorporated into the ICTV taxonomy, and present proposals that have been endorsed by the Executive Committee of the ICTV.