Meteorologia Aplicada
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/6657
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3 resultados
Resultados da Pesquisa
Item The role of large slaughterhouses on sustainable intensification of cattle ranching in Amazonia and Cerrado(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2018-03-02) Santos, Ana Beatriz dos; Costa, Marcos Heil; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1277129685383769Due to their location at the agricultural frontier, their interactions with ranchers and their market domination, large slaughterhouses are potential leverage points in the beef supply chain for achieving sustainable beef production in Brazil. However, their actual role in promoting sustainable production has not yet been ascertained. This dissertation analyzes changes after the start of operation of several large slaughterhouses for five variables: three related to agricultural intensification – protein and calorie production from crops and cattle stocking rate – and two related to environmental impact – land use change rate and greenhouse gas emissions. I focus my analysis on the large slaughterhouses located in the two most important Brazilian biomes for cattle ranching, Amazonia and the Cerrado. First, I selected 12 large slaughterhouses that started operations midway between 2000 and 2013, and I delimited their influence zones. Second, I delimited control zones in regions far from the influence of large slaughterhouses and outside conservation units and indigenous lands. Next, I calculated changes in the five study variables over the study period. In the Amazon, the results show a reduction of the land use change rate and greenhouse gas emissions in both the influence zones and the control zones. For the intensification variables, protein and calories from crops increased significantly in both zones, while the stocking rates do not change in the zones under slaughterhouse influence. In the Cerrado, all variables show the same responses in both the influence and control zones. These results do not support the idea that the large slaughterhouses promote either intensification of cattle ranching or improvements in the sustainability of cattle ranching activity in the Amazon and the Cerrado.Item Patterns of land use and greenhouse gases emissions from Brazilian agriculture (1940-2014)(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2017-06-14) Dias, Lívia Cristina Pinto; Costa, Marcos Heil; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3473464984753698Given the large size of Brazil, its enormous vegetation diversity and agriculture heterogeneity, the development of national agricultural and conservation policies requires an understanding of historical patterns of land use for the entire country. It is only through the lens of history that the current geographic trends in land use can be fully understood and accurate future projections made. This study analyzes the spatial patterns of the Brazilian agriculture between 1940 and 2014, with emphasis on land use and greenhouse gas emissions. I investigate the historical patterns of agricultural land use and greenhouse gases emissions in Brazil using a new historical-spatial database at spatial resolution of 30” (approximately 1 km x 1 km). Although the agriculture frontier is still expanding in the Amazon and Cerrado, rates are much lower than before, and throughout the eastern and southern part of the country, agricultural land use is actually decreasing. The production of soybean and maize increased due to increase in area and yields, but the production of sugarcane increased predominantly due to extensification. Pasturelands decreased in all regions analyzed, except in Amazonia, but the slow process of technology transference appears to be keeping the Brazilian stocking rate of cattle close to 1.0 head/ha, indicating an inefficient livestock system. Brazil is moving slowly towards a more intensive and sustainable agriculture. Until 1975, deforestation of the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado were the main sources of CO 2 emissions. After that, Amazonia took the first position as source of CO 2 emissions. Emissions from land use change in Atlantic Forest and Pampas decreased gradually after 1975 and these biomes become a sink of CO 2 since 1990. The total agricultural emissions are decreasing because the CO 2 emissions are decreasing and they are several times larger (in CO 2eq terms) than the CH 4 and N 2 O emissions. Brazil is heading towards the reduction of land use change emissions as proposed in the National Policy on Climate Change. About the Nationally Determined Contributions proposed in the 2015 Paris agreement, the past rates in forest restoration are more than sufficient to achieve the suggested measure proposed. The conclusion is that Brazil should be more audacious in its goals. My results provide one of the first comprehensive historical and geographically explicit overview of agricultural land use and greenhouse gases emissions in Brazil, providing clear insights to guide future territorial planning, sustainable agriculture, policy and decision-making.Item Modeling the economic and environmental impacts of cattle ranching intensification in Mato Grosso(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2016-12-12) Batista, Evandro Lima da Silveira; Soares Filho, Britaldo Silveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8593231680678185Cattle ranching occupy more land than any other production activity in Brazil and accounts for 44% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the land use sector. In response, Brazil has proposed a large-scale pasture restoration target as a mitigation measure for its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC). Pasture restoration is, however, only one option in a portfolio of investments that could be brought to bear to encourage intensification in beef production. To analyze the potential impacts, i.e. economic and overall GHG emissions, from mixes of intensification strategies―from pasture restoration to improved health and reproductive management, pasture supplementation, and feedlot operations―, we developed a simulation model of the cattle ranching system (SimPec) and applied it to Mato Grosso state. Our results show that large-scale pasture restoration, instead of reducing GHG emissions, threatens the success of Brazil’s NDC. Soil carbon fixation after pasture restoration does not compensate marginal emissions due to higher stock densities; simply increasing beef production will lead to an overall rise in GHG emissions from the cattle sector. Rather than pasture restoration, investments in confinement operations along with complementary improvements in production strategies are more likely to prompt better economic, productive, and, in particular, environmental outlooks for the cattle sector in Brazil.