Avaliação da percepção térmica de homens e mulheres durante o exercício autorregulado
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2018-07-13
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar as respostas térmicas subjetivas de homens e mulheres durante o exercício físico autorregulado. A amostra foi composta por 10 homens e 11 mulheres, com idade média de 21,3 ± 1,89 anos e 23,36 ± 2,69, respectivamente. O percentual de gordura foi estatisticamente diferente entre os grupos, sendo 9,50% ± 1,98 para os homens e 21,88% ± 2,67 para as mulheres. O peso e a estatura foram diferentes entre os grupos: 65,44 ± 5,37 kg e 174,20 ± 6,31 cm para os homens e 57,23 ± 4,44 kg e 161,14 ± 3,23 cm para as mulheres. A área de superfície corporal específica (ASC/kgcm 2 ) não diferiu entre os grupos, sendo 273,50 ± 10,88 cm 2 para os homens e 279,18± 10,36 cm 2 para as mulheres. O VO 2max não foi diferente entre os grupos, consistindo em 40,48 ± 7,74 ml/km/min -1 para os homens e 38,28 ± 6,87 ml/km/min -1 para as mulheres. Os voluntários receberam uma refeição padrão na noite anterior ao teste e, na manhã antes da realização dos testes, as refeições foram elaboradas por uma nutricionista (CRN9 – 6421). Os voluntários foram submetidos a duas sessões de exercício autorregulado, sendo uma sessão realizada com aquecimento passivo da face por convecção, na qual a temperatura e velocidade do ar direcionado para a face foram 36,83 ± 1,45 oC e 0,91 ± 0,23 m/s para os homens e 36,58 ± 1,315oC e 1,06 ± 0,80m/s para as mulheres. As sessões controle foram realizadas sem o aquecimento passivo da face. A temperatura da sala foi controlada a 25 oC em todas as sessões experimentais. Os exercícios foram realizados no período da manhã, e, antes do exercício, a densidade específica da urina era avaliada para atestar o estado de hidratação. Foram medidas a temperatura do canal auricular (T central ), a temperatura da pele (T pele ), a pressão arterial, a frequência cardíaca (FC). As variáveis subjetivas foram avaliadas por meio de escalas de conforto térmico, sensação térmica, percepção de esforço, sede e sensação de sede. Os dados foram analisados pelo programa estatístico SigmaPlot 11.0., e a normalidade destes foi realizada pelo teste Shapiro-Wilk. Os dados de características dos grupos foram analisados por meio do teste estatístico T- Student. Os dados de T central , T pele, pressão arterial, hidratação, FC, dados do desempenho e parâmetros subjetivos foram analisados por meio do procedimento estatístico ANOVA TWO WAY de medidas repetidas. Os dados de acúmulo de calor (AC), a taxa de acúmulo de calor (TAC), a perda hídrica, o limiar e a sensibilidade termoaferente da pele foram analisados utilizando-se o método estatístico ANOVA ONE WAY de medidas repetidas. As correlações foram realizadas pelo método de Spearman. Os indivíduos estavam fisicamente ativos e todos se encontravam hidratados no pré-exercício. Não foi observada diferença entre os grupos para os dados de desempenho, carga (W), cadência (rpm), velocidade (km/h) e distância (km). Em relação às variáveis cardiovasculares, foram observadas diferenças entre homens e mulheres. Na situação com aquecimento passivo, os homens (HCA) obtiveram valores mais elevados de pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) (minutos 5, 30, 35, 50 e 60), na pressão arterial diastólica (PAD) (minutos 30-45 e 60) e na pressão arterial média (PAM) (minutos 20, 30-45, 55 e 60) em comparação às mulheres (MCA). A FC não diferiu entre os grupos. Não foram observadas diferenças entre os grupos na T central . A T pele dos HCA foi maior que MCA (minutos 20 e 52-58) e que HSA (minutos 52-60). A T pele dos HSA foi maior que das MSA no minuto 30. A temperatura da testa (T testa ) foi maior para HCA e MCA do que para HSA e MSA. Não foram observadas diferenças para AC, TAC, limiar e sensibilidade termoeferente da pele. A sudorese foi diferente para HSA e MAS, tendo HSA alcançado sudorese total maior. Não foram observadas diferenças entre os grupos na percepção de esforço. As MCA apresentaram maior desconforto térmico que os HCA (minutos 3-16 e 21-35) e que MSA (minutos 3- 18 e 21). MSA apresentaram maior desconforto térmico que HSA (minutos 23,25 e 28-60). As MCA sentiram mais calor que HCA (minutos 1, 5-16 e 27- 31), e que MSA (1-15,17 e 19). As MSA sentiram mais calor que HSA (minutos 25-32 e 36-60). As MCA sentiram mais sede que as MSA (minuto 2-60). Quanto à sensação de sede, as MCA apresentaram valores maiores em comparação às MSA nos minutos 30 e 35 da questão 3 (Q3). As correlações foram realizadas em função da T cental , T pele , do conforto térmico e da sensação térmica. Para os HCA, todas as correlações foram fortes. Para as MCA, a maioria das correlações com a T pele variou de fraca a moderada; a FC e rpm apresentaram correlações fracas em todas as comparações. Para os HSA, a pele apresentou correlações para a maioria das comparações; as correlações foram fortes apenas com a sensação e com a T central . As demais correlações variaram de moderadas a fortes, exceto quando as correlações foram feitas com a FC e rpm. Mediante isso, concluímos que mulheres durante o exercício autorregulado apresentam respostas diferentes dos homens quanto à percepção térmica.
The purpose of these work was compare the subjective thermal responses of man and woman during self-paced exercise. The sample was composed of 10 men and 11 women. The average age of men was 21,3 ± 1,89 and of women was 23,36 ± 2,69. Body fat was different, 9,50 ± 1,98% for men and 21,88 ± 2,67 women. The weight and height was different, 65,44 ± 5,37 kg e 174,20 ± 6,31 cm for man and 57,23 ± 4,44 kg e 161,14 ± 3,23 cm for woman. The specific body area (ASC/kgcm 2 ) was 273,50 ± 10,88 cm 2 for man and 279,18 ± 10,36 cm 2 for women. The VO 2max was 40, 48 ± 7,74ml/km/min -1 for men and 38,28 ± 6,87ml/km/min -1 for women. The volunteers received a standard meal the night before the test and the morning before the tests, the meals were prepared by a nutritionist (CRN9 - 6421). The volunteers were submitted to two sessions of self-paced exercise, one session with passive heating of the face by convection, in which the temperature and velocity of the air directed to the face was 36.83 ± 1.45 oC and 0.91 ± 0, 23 m/s for men and 36.58 ± 1.315 oC and 1.06 ± 0.80 m/s for women. The control sessions were performed without the passive heating of the face. The temperature of the room was controlled at 25 oC in all experimental sessions. The exercises were performed in the morning. Before exercise was assessed the specific density of urine, to attest to the state of hydration. Was measured, the auricular channel temperature (T core ) the skin temperature (T skin ), blood pressure, heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV). The subjective variables were evaluated through scales of thermal comfort, thermal sensation, perception of effort, thirst and thirst sensation. Data were analyzed by the statistical software SigmaPlot 11.0. The normality of the data was performed by the Shapiro-Wilk test. The characteristics data of the groups were analyzed by means of the T-Student statistical test. Data from T core , T skin , blood pressure, hydration, HR, HRV, performance data and subjective parameters were analyzed using the TWO WAY ANOVA statistical procedure of repeated measures. Heat accumulation (AC), heat accumulation rate (TAC), water loss, threshold and thermoaferral sensitivity of the skin were analyzed using the ANOVA ONE WAY statistical method repeated measurements. Correlations were performed by the Spearman method. Individuals were physically active, all were hydrated in pre-exercise. No difference was observed between groups for performance data, load (W), cadence (rpm), speed (km/h) and distance (km). Regarding cardiovascular variables, differences were observed between men and women. In the passive warm-up situation, men (HCA) had higher values of systolic blood pressure (SBP) (minutes 5,30,35, 50 and 60), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (minutes 30-45 and 60 minutes) and in the mean arterial pressure (MAP) (minutes 20, 30-45, 55 and 60) than women (MCA). HR did not differ between groups. HRV parameters in the time domain (RR) (MRR, SDNN, RMSSD, PNN50) presented differences between men (HSA) and women (MSA) without passive heating, during the pre-exercise rest, HSA presented higher values. In the frequency domain (DF) the HSA during the pre-exercise rest presented higher values than MSA and HCA. MSA presented higher values of the LF/HF ratio (low frequency / high frequency) than HSA and MCA at the moment of return to calm (3'post- exercíse). No differences were observed between groups at T core . The T skin of HCA was greater than MCA (minutes 20 and 52-58) and that HSA (minutes 52- 60). The T skin of the HSA was higher than that of the MSA at the 30th minute. The forehead temperature (T for. ) was higher for HCA and MCA than for HSA and MSA. No differences were observed for AC, TAC, threshold and thermoferential sensitivity of the skin. The sweating was different between HAS and MSA, HAS had greater sweating total. No differences were observed between the groups in the perception of effort. The MCA presented greater thermal discomfort than the HCAs (minutes 3-16 and 21-35) and MSA (minutes 3-18 and 21). MSA presented greater thermal discomfort than HSA (minutes 23.25 and 28-60). MCAs experienced more heat than HCA (minutes 1, 5-16 and 27-31), and MSA (1-15, 17 and 19). MSAs felt more heat than HSA (minutes 25-32 and 36-60). MCAs felt more thirst than MSA (minute 2-60). Regarding the sensation of MCA thirst showed higher values than MSA in minutes 30 and 35 of question 3 (Q3). Correlations were made as a function of Tcental, Tpele, thermal comfort and thermal sensation. For HCA all strong correlations. For MCAs most Tpele correlations ranged from weak to moderate, HR and rpm showed weak correlations in all comparisons. For the HSA the skin presented correlations for most of the comparisons, only with sensation and with the Tcentral the correlations were strong. The other correlations varied from moderate to strong. For MSA, all correlations varied from moderate to strong, except when correlations were made with HR and rpm. Through this, we conclude that women during self-regulated exercise present different responses of men regarding thermal perception.
The purpose of these work was compare the subjective thermal responses of man and woman during self-paced exercise. The sample was composed of 10 men and 11 women. The average age of men was 21,3 ± 1,89 and of women was 23,36 ± 2,69. Body fat was different, 9,50 ± 1,98% for men and 21,88 ± 2,67 women. The weight and height was different, 65,44 ± 5,37 kg e 174,20 ± 6,31 cm for man and 57,23 ± 4,44 kg e 161,14 ± 3,23 cm for woman. The specific body area (ASC/kgcm 2 ) was 273,50 ± 10,88 cm 2 for man and 279,18 ± 10,36 cm 2 for women. The VO 2max was 40, 48 ± 7,74ml/km/min -1 for men and 38,28 ± 6,87ml/km/min -1 for women. The volunteers received a standard meal the night before the test and the morning before the tests, the meals were prepared by a nutritionist (CRN9 - 6421). The volunteers were submitted to two sessions of self-paced exercise, one session with passive heating of the face by convection, in which the temperature and velocity of the air directed to the face was 36.83 ± 1.45 oC and 0.91 ± 0, 23 m/s for men and 36.58 ± 1.315 oC and 1.06 ± 0.80 m/s for women. The control sessions were performed without the passive heating of the face. The temperature of the room was controlled at 25 oC in all experimental sessions. The exercises were performed in the morning. Before exercise was assessed the specific density of urine, to attest to the state of hydration. Was measured, the auricular channel temperature (T core ) the skin temperature (T skin ), blood pressure, heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV). The subjective variables were evaluated through scales of thermal comfort, thermal sensation, perception of effort, thirst and thirst sensation. Data were analyzed by the statistical software SigmaPlot 11.0. The normality of the data was performed by the Shapiro-Wilk test. The characteristics data of the groups were analyzed by means of the T-Student statistical test. Data from T core , T skin , blood pressure, hydration, HR, HRV, performance data and subjective parameters were analyzed using the TWO WAY ANOVA statistical procedure of repeated measures. Heat accumulation (AC), heat accumulation rate (TAC), water loss, threshold and thermoaferral sensitivity of the skin were analyzed using the ANOVA ONE WAY statistical method repeated measurements. Correlations were performed by the Spearman method. Individuals were physically active, all were hydrated in pre-exercise. No difference was observed between groups for performance data, load (W), cadence (rpm), speed (km/h) and distance (km). Regarding cardiovascular variables, differences were observed between men and women. In the passive warm-up situation, men (HCA) had higher values of systolic blood pressure (SBP) (minutes 5,30,35, 50 and 60), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (minutes 30-45 and 60 minutes) and in the mean arterial pressure (MAP) (minutes 20, 30-45, 55 and 60) than women (MCA). HR did not differ between groups. HRV parameters in the time domain (RR) (MRR, SDNN, RMSSD, PNN50) presented differences between men (HSA) and women (MSA) without passive heating, during the pre-exercise rest, HSA presented higher values. In the frequency domain (DF) the HSA during the pre-exercise rest presented higher values than MSA and HCA. MSA presented higher values of the LF/HF ratio (low frequency / high frequency) than HSA and MCA at the moment of return to calm (3'post- exercíse). No differences were observed between groups at T core . The T skin of HCA was greater than MCA (minutes 20 and 52-58) and that HSA (minutes 52- 60). The T skin of the HSA was higher than that of the MSA at the 30th minute. The forehead temperature (T for. ) was higher for HCA and MCA than for HSA and MSA. No differences were observed for AC, TAC, threshold and thermoferential sensitivity of the skin. The sweating was different between HAS and MSA, HAS had greater sweating total. No differences were observed between the groups in the perception of effort. The MCA presented greater thermal discomfort than the HCAs (minutes 3-16 and 21-35) and MSA (minutes 3-18 and 21). MSA presented greater thermal discomfort than HSA (minutes 23.25 and 28-60). MCAs experienced more heat than HCA (minutes 1, 5-16 and 27-31), and MSA (1-15, 17 and 19). MSAs felt more heat than HSA (minutes 25-32 and 36-60). MCAs felt more thirst than MSA (minute 2-60). Regarding the sensation of MCA thirst showed higher values than MSA in minutes 30 and 35 of question 3 (Q3). Correlations were made as a function of Tcental, Tpele, thermal comfort and thermal sensation. For HCA all strong correlations. For MCAs most Tpele correlations ranged from weak to moderate, HR and rpm showed weak correlations in all comparisons. For the HSA the skin presented correlations for most of the comparisons, only with sensation and with the Tcentral the correlations were strong. The other correlations varied from moderate to strong. For MSA, all correlations varied from moderate to strong, except when correlations were made with HR and rpm. Through this, we conclude that women during self-regulated exercise present different responses of men regarding thermal perception.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Exercícios físicos - Aspectos fisiológicos, Temperatura corporal - Regulação, Teste de esforço, Calor - Efeito fisiológico
Citação
ARAÚJO, Samuel Ribeiro. Avaliação da percepção térmica de homens e mulheres durante o exercício autorregulado. 2018. 69 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Educação Física) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2018.