Comportamentos habituais de adolescentes: padrão de sono, da prática de atividade física e tempo sedentário
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2022-10-14
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
Esta tese teve como objetivo geral avaliar o uso do tempo dos comportamentos humanos habituais (CHH) em 24 horas, além de estimar possíveis alterações no índice de massa corporal (IMC) ao realocar o tempo envolvido nesses comportamentos e analisar as possíveis associações temporais e bidirecionais entre os CHH em uma amostra de adolescentes de uma instituição de período integral no Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com estudantes, entre 15 e 18 anos, de cursos técnicos integrados ao ensino médio. Aferiu-se o peso corporal e estatura para calcular o IMC. O comportamento sedentário (CS), atividade física leve (AFL), atividade física moderada a vigorosa (AFMV), o tempo total de sono (TTS), tempo acordado após o início do sono (WASO), eficiência do sono (ES), índice de fragmentação do sono (IFS), hora de deitar na cama (HDC]) e hora de levantar da cama (HLC) foram medidos por acelerometria de 24 horas por sete dias consecutivos. O tempo de tela (TT), características demográficas e nível socioeconômico foram avaliados por meio de um questionário. As recomendações de sono, AFMV e TT foram alcançadas por 32,97%, 8,10% e 1,08% da amostra, respectivamente. Nenhum adolescente foi capaz de atingir as recomendações integradas. A análise composicional isotemporal indicou que a substituição de 75, 90 e 120 minutos de AFMV por AFL levou a um aumento significativo estimado em 0.75, 0.76 e 0.78 no zIMC, respectivamente (valor z de 0.01 a 1.49). O TTS e WASO apresentaram associação negativa com CS (β= -0.33; IC95% = -0.39;-0.26 e β= -0.08; IC95% = - 0.14;-0.02) e AFL (β= -0.17; IC95% = -0.25;-0.09 e β= -0.13; IC95% = -0.20;-0.06) de maneira bidirecional (β= -0.21; IC95% = -0.26;-0.15; β= -0.15; IC95% = -0.21;-0.09; β= -0.18; IC95% = -0.25;-0.12 e β= -0.08; IC95% = -0.15;-0.02), respectivamente. Os rapazes apresentaram associação negativa mais forte entre HLC e AFL (β= -0.36; IC95% = -0.48;-0.24) do que as moças (β= -0.18; IC95% = -0.29;-0.08). Durante a semana regular (SR), observou-se associação negativa mais forte entre CS e HDC (β= -0.20; IC95% = -0.26;-0.13), o que também ocorreu entre TTS e AFMV (β= -0.26; IC95% = -0.34;-0.19) em relação ao fim de semana (FDS) (β= -0.17; IC95% = -0.26;- 0.07 e β= -0.08; IC95% = -0.20;-0.04), respectivamente. No FDS verificou-se associação positiva mais forte entre AFL e HDC (β= 0.32; IC95% = 0.21;0.42) do que na SR (β= 0.13; IC95% = 0.06;0.21), assim como verificou-se associação negativa mais forte entre AFL e TTS (β= -0.28; IC95% = -0.40;-0.16) e entre HLC e AFL (β= - 0.40; IC95% = -0.53;-0.26) do que durante a SR (β= -0.13; IC95% = -0.21;-0.06 e β= -0.13; IC95% = -0.25;-0.01), respectivamente. A natureza composicional dos CHH em 24 horas nos mostra que o TTS e a rotina de dormir e levantar em horários adequados pode aprimorar a disponibilidade de tempo para a prática de AF. A AFL, por ser predominante nas atividades de vida diária, ser mais fácil de ser modificada, por apresentar menor barreira e esforço para ser iniciada, pode ser a via inicial para que os adolescentes reduzam o CS e atinjam as atuais recomendações diárias de 60 minutos de AFMV. Mediante isso, ressalta-se a importância da elaboração de políticas públicas que englobem o contexto escolar, familiar e social a fim de viabilizar alterações eficazes nos CHH dos adolescentes em prol de um estilo de vida mais saudável. Palavras-chave: Atividade Física. Comportamento Sedentário. Sono. Acelerometria. Adolescentes. Análise composicional de dados. Análise bidirecional.
This thesis aimed to evaluate the time use of habitual human behaviors (HHB) in 24 hours, as well as to estimate possible changes in body mass index (BMI) by reallocating the time involved in these behaviors and analyze the possible temporal and bidirectional associations between the HHB in a sample of adolescents from a full- time institution in Brazil. It is a cross-sectional study with students aged 15 to 18 from technical courses integrated into high school. Body weight and height were measured to calculate BMI. Sedentary behavior (SB), light physical activity (LPA), moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), total sleep time (TST), wake after sleep onset (WASO), sleep efficiency (SE), sleep fragmentation index (SFI), in bedtime (IB) and out bedtime (OB) were measured by 24-hour accelerometry for seven consecutive days. Screen time (ST), demographic characteristics, and socioeconomic status were assessed using a questionnaire. Sleep, MVPA, and ST recommendations were achieved by 32.97%, 8.10%, and 1.08% of the sample, respectively. No adolescents were able to achieve the integrated recommendations. Isotemporal compositional analysis indicated that replacing 75, 90, and 120 minutes of MVPA with LPA led to an estimated significant increase of 0.75, 0.76, and 0.78 in zBMI, respectively (z value from 0.01 to 1.49). TST and WASO showed negative association with SB (β= -0.33; 95%CI = -0.39;-0.26 and β= -0.08; 95%CI = -0.14;-0.02) and LPA (β= -0.17; 95%CI = -0.25;-0.09 and β= -0.13; 95%CI = -0. 20;-0.06) bidirectionally (β= -0.21; 95%CI = - 0.26;-0.15; β= -0.15; 95%CI = -0.21;-0.09; β= -0.18; 95%CI = -0.25;-0.12 and β= -0.08; 95%CI = -0.15;-0.02), respectively. Boys showed stronger negative association between OB and LPA (β= -0.36; 95%CI = -0.48;-0.24) than girls (β= -0.18; 95%CI = - 0.29;-0.08). During the regular week (RW), a stronger negative association was observed between SB and IB (β= -0.20; 95%CI = -0.26;-0.13), which also occurred between TST and MVPA (β= -0.26; 95%CI = -0.34;-0.19) compared to the weekend (WD) (β= -0.17; 95%CI = -0.26;-0.07 and β= -0.08; 95%CI = -0.20;-0.04), respectively. In WD there was a stronger positive association between LPA and IB (β= 0.32; 95%CI = 0.21;0.42) than in RW (β= 0.13; 95%CI = 0.06;0.21), as well as a stronger negative association between LPA and TST (β= -0. 28; 95%CI = -0.40;-0.16) and between OB and LPA (β= -0.40; 95%CI = -0.53;-0.26) than during RW (β= -0.13; 95%CI = -0.21;- 0.06 and β= -0.13; 95%CI = -0.25;-0.01), respectively. The compositional nature of HHB in 24h shows us that TST and a routine of going to bed and getting up at appropriate times can enhance the availability of time for PA practice. Because LPA is predominant in activities of daily living, it is easier to be modified. Furthermore, it presents a lower barriers and effort to be initiated. It may be the initial pathway for adolescents to reduce SB and achieve the current daily recommendations of 60 min MVPA. Therefore, the importance of developing public policies that encompasses the school, family, and social contexts is highlighted to enable effective changes in adolescents' HHB for a healthier lifestyle. Keywords: Physical Activity. Sedentary Behavior. Sleep. Accelerometry. Adolescents. Compositional data analysis. Bidirectional analysis.
This thesis aimed to evaluate the time use of habitual human behaviors (HHB) in 24 hours, as well as to estimate possible changes in body mass index (BMI) by reallocating the time involved in these behaviors and analyze the possible temporal and bidirectional associations between the HHB in a sample of adolescents from a full- time institution in Brazil. It is a cross-sectional study with students aged 15 to 18 from technical courses integrated into high school. Body weight and height were measured to calculate BMI. Sedentary behavior (SB), light physical activity (LPA), moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), total sleep time (TST), wake after sleep onset (WASO), sleep efficiency (SE), sleep fragmentation index (SFI), in bedtime (IB) and out bedtime (OB) were measured by 24-hour accelerometry for seven consecutive days. Screen time (ST), demographic characteristics, and socioeconomic status were assessed using a questionnaire. Sleep, MVPA, and ST recommendations were achieved by 32.97%, 8.10%, and 1.08% of the sample, respectively. No adolescents were able to achieve the integrated recommendations. Isotemporal compositional analysis indicated that replacing 75, 90, and 120 minutes of MVPA with LPA led to an estimated significant increase of 0.75, 0.76, and 0.78 in zBMI, respectively (z value from 0.01 to 1.49). TST and WASO showed negative association with SB (β= -0.33; 95%CI = -0.39;-0.26 and β= -0.08; 95%CI = -0.14;-0.02) and LPA (β= -0.17; 95%CI = -0.25;-0.09 and β= -0.13; 95%CI = -0. 20;-0.06) bidirectionally (β= -0.21; 95%CI = - 0.26;-0.15; β= -0.15; 95%CI = -0.21;-0.09; β= -0.18; 95%CI = -0.25;-0.12 and β= -0.08; 95%CI = -0.15;-0.02), respectively. Boys showed stronger negative association between OB and LPA (β= -0.36; 95%CI = -0.48;-0.24) than girls (β= -0.18; 95%CI = - 0.29;-0.08). During the regular week (RW), a stronger negative association was observed between SB and IB (β= -0.20; 95%CI = -0.26;-0.13), which also occurred between TST and MVPA (β= -0.26; 95%CI = -0.34;-0.19) compared to the weekend (WD) (β= -0.17; 95%CI = -0.26;-0.07 and β= -0.08; 95%CI = -0.20;-0.04), respectively. In WD there was a stronger positive association between LPA and IB (β= 0.32; 95%CI = 0.21;0.42) than in RW (β= 0.13; 95%CI = 0.06;0.21), as well as a stronger negative association between LPA and TST (β= -0. 28; 95%CI = -0.40;-0.16) and between OB and LPA (β= -0.40; 95%CI = -0.53;-0.26) than during RW (β= -0.13; 95%CI = -0.21;- 0.06 and β= -0.13; 95%CI = -0.25;-0.01), respectively. The compositional nature of HHB in 24h shows us that TST and a routine of going to bed and getting up at appropriate times can enhance the availability of time for PA practice. Because LPA is predominant in activities of daily living, it is easier to be modified. Furthermore, it presents a lower barriers and effort to be initiated. It may be the initial pathway for adolescents to reduce SB and achieve the current daily recommendations of 60 min MVPA. Therefore, the importance of developing public policies that encompasses the school, family, and social contexts is highlighted to enable effective changes in adolescents' HHB for a healthier lifestyle. Keywords: Physical Activity. Sedentary Behavior. Sleep. Accelerometry. Adolescents. Compositional data analysis. Bidirectional analysis.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Exercícios físicos, Comportamento sedentário, Adolescentes - Sono, Acelerômetros, Análise de dados
Citação
DOMINGUES, Sabrina Fontes. Comportamentos habituais de adolescentes: padrão de sono, da prática de atividade física e tempo sedentário. 2022. 210 f. Tese (Doutorado em Educação Física) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2022.