Desenvolvimento e validação de equações antropométricas para estimativa da gordura corporal de adolescentes brasileiros
Data
2020-10-29
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
Métodos antropométricos permitem a mensuração da gordura corporal (GC) em adolescentes de forma prática. Contudo, existe necessidade de ampliar o conhecimento científico especialmente sobre as equações existentes, verificar a validade e, caso necessário, desenvolver modelos válidos, especialmente para adolescentes brasileiros. Essa tese está composta no formato de cinco artigos sobre este tema. Artigo de Revisão: O objetivo foi mapear equações antropométricas para predição do tecido adiposo, gordura ou densidade corporal em crianças e adolescentes de 5 a 19 anos, usando técnicas in vitro ou in vivo como métodos referência e analisar os aspectos metodológicos de equações utilizando dobras cutâneas. Foi realizada uma revisão de escopo, com buscas em oito bases de dados. Foram incluídas 78 publicações, totalizando 593 equações, de 22 países e de todos os continentes. A absorciometria por dupla emissão de raios X (DXA) foi o método de referência mais utilizado e as medidas antropométricas mais frequentes nas equações foram as dobras cutâneas do tríceps e subescapular. Muitos aspectos metodológicos foram negligenciados, podendo causar viés nas equações. Metodologia Geral: O estudo foi de característica transversal, realizado com 420 adolescentes, 216 meninos (16,9 ± 1,1 anos) e 204 meninas (16,5 ± 1,0 anos) aparentemente saudáveis. Foram coletadas 45 medidas antropométricas: quatro medidas básicas, nove dobras cutâneas, quinze perímetros, oito comprimentos e alturas e nove diâmetros, de acordo com a metodologia da International Society for the Advancement for Kinanthropometry. A composição corporal foi mensurada pela DXA como método de referência, utilizando as medidas de massa de gordura (MG) kg e %GC para análise. Artigo original 1: O objetivo foi verificar a relação de medidas antropométricas com a MG e %GC medida por DXA em meninos e meninas adolescentes. Foi realizado o teste de correlação de Pearson para verificar a relação entre as medidas de MG e %GC com as medidas antropométricas, separadamente por sexo. A MG apresenta correlações mais fortes com medidas antropométricas em comparação com o %GC. Nas meninas, os perímetros apresentam correlações mais fortes com a GC, enquanto para os meninos são as DC. Artigo original 2: O objetivo foi verificar a validade de equações antropométricas para predição da MG e %GC em adolescentes, utilizando a DXA como método de referência. Na validação das equações preditivas, foi definido que devem ser atendidos os três critérios estabelecidos. Nenhuma equação atendeu os três critérios de validação. As equações apresentaram erros clinicamente significantes para predição da GC em adolescentes, o que reforça a necessidade de estudos para o desenvolvimento de equações válidas para adolescentes. Artigo Original 3 (meninos) e 4 (meninas): Os objetivos foram desenvolver modelos antropométricos para predição da MG e %GC em adolescentes do sexo masculino e feminino, utilizando a DXA como método de referência. A partir de 45 medidas antropométricas, foram selecionadas as que apresentaram correlação ≥ 0,5 com a MG e %GC. Utilizaram-se técnicas estatísticas de regressão linear múltipla. Foram desenvolvidas diversas equações, que atenderam às hipóteses estatísticas estabelecidas. As equações atendem aos critérios de validade e mostram ser alternativas simples para mensuração da GC de adolescentes. Palavras-chave: Cineantropometria. Jovens. Espessura de dobra cutânea. Composição corporal. Absorciometria de Fóton. Análise de regressão. Estudo de correlação. Estudo de validação.
Anthropometric methods allow the measurement of body fat (BF) in adolescents in a practical way. However, there is a need to expand scientific knowledge, especially about existing equations, verify the validity and, if necessary, develop valid models, especially for Brazilian adolescents. This thesis composed of five articles on this topic. Review Article: The objective was to map anthropometric equations to predict adipose tissue, fat or body density in children and adolescents aged 5 to 19 years, using in vitro or in vivo techniques as reference methods and to analyze the methodological aspects of skinfold equations. A scoping review was carried out, with searches in eight databases. Seventy-eight publications were included, totaling 593 equations, from 22 countries and every continents. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was the most used reference method, and the most frequent anthropometric measurements in the equations were the triceps and subscapular skinfolds. Many methodological aspects have been neglected, which may cause bias in the equations. General Methodology: The study was cross-sectional, carried out with 420 adolescents, 216 boys (16.9 ± 1.1 years) and 204 girls (16.5 ± 1.0 years) all apparently healthy. Forty five anthropometric measures were collected: four basic measures, nine skinfolds, fifteen girths, eight lengths and heights and nine diameters, according to the methodology of the International Society for the Advancement for Kinanthropometry. Body composition was measured by DXA as a reference method, using the measures of fat mass (FM) kg and %BF for analysis. Original article 1: The objective was to verify the relationship between anthropometric measures, FM and %BF measured by DXA in adolescent boys and girls. Pearson's correlation test was performed to verify the relationship between FM and %BF measures with anthropometric measures, separately by sex. FM has stronger correlations with anthropometric measures compared to %BF. In girls, the girths show stronger correlations with BF, while for boys, it was the skinfolds. Original article 2: The objective was to verify the validity of anthropometric equations for predicting FM and %BF in adolescents, using DXA as a reference method. In the validation of predictive equations, it was defined that the three established criteria must be met. No equation met the three validation criteria. The equations showed clinically significant errors for predicting BF in adolescents, which reinforces the need for studies to develop valid equations for adolescents. Original Article 3 (boys) and 4 (girls): The objectives were to develop anthropometric models to predict FM and %BF in male and female adolescents, using DXA as a reference method. From 45 anthropometric measures, those with a correlation > 0.5 with FM and %BF were selected. Multiple linear regression statistical techniques were used. Several equations were developed, which met the established statistical hypotheses. The equations meet the validity criteria and prove to be simple alternatives for measuring adolescents’ BF. Keywords: Kinantropometry. Youth. Skinfold thickness. Body composition. Absorptiometry, Photon. Regression analysis. Correlation study. Validation study.
Anthropometric methods allow the measurement of body fat (BF) in adolescents in a practical way. However, there is a need to expand scientific knowledge, especially about existing equations, verify the validity and, if necessary, develop valid models, especially for Brazilian adolescents. This thesis composed of five articles on this topic. Review Article: The objective was to map anthropometric equations to predict adipose tissue, fat or body density in children and adolescents aged 5 to 19 years, using in vitro or in vivo techniques as reference methods and to analyze the methodological aspects of skinfold equations. A scoping review was carried out, with searches in eight databases. Seventy-eight publications were included, totaling 593 equations, from 22 countries and every continents. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was the most used reference method, and the most frequent anthropometric measurements in the equations were the triceps and subscapular skinfolds. Many methodological aspects have been neglected, which may cause bias in the equations. General Methodology: The study was cross-sectional, carried out with 420 adolescents, 216 boys (16.9 ± 1.1 years) and 204 girls (16.5 ± 1.0 years) all apparently healthy. Forty five anthropometric measures were collected: four basic measures, nine skinfolds, fifteen girths, eight lengths and heights and nine diameters, according to the methodology of the International Society for the Advancement for Kinanthropometry. Body composition was measured by DXA as a reference method, using the measures of fat mass (FM) kg and %BF for analysis. Original article 1: The objective was to verify the relationship between anthropometric measures, FM and %BF measured by DXA in adolescent boys and girls. Pearson's correlation test was performed to verify the relationship between FM and %BF measures with anthropometric measures, separately by sex. FM has stronger correlations with anthropometric measures compared to %BF. In girls, the girths show stronger correlations with BF, while for boys, it was the skinfolds. Original article 2: The objective was to verify the validity of anthropometric equations for predicting FM and %BF in adolescents, using DXA as a reference method. In the validation of predictive equations, it was defined that the three established criteria must be met. No equation met the three validation criteria. The equations showed clinically significant errors for predicting BF in adolescents, which reinforces the need for studies to develop valid equations for adolescents. Original Article 3 (boys) and 4 (girls): The objectives were to develop anthropometric models to predict FM and %BF in male and female adolescents, using DXA as a reference method. From 45 anthropometric measures, those with a correlation > 0.5 with FM and %BF were selected. Multiple linear regression statistical techniques were used. Several equations were developed, which met the established statistical hypotheses. The equations meet the validity criteria and prove to be simple alternatives for measuring adolescents’ BF. Keywords: Kinantropometry. Youth. Skinfold thickness. Body composition. Absorptiometry, Photon. Regression analysis. Correlation study. Validation study.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Cineantropometria, Jovens - Antropometria, Pregas cutâneas, Composição corporal - Medição, Absorciometria de Fóton
Citação
CERQUEIRA, Matheus Santos. Desenvolvimento e validação de equações antropométricas para estimativa da gordura corporal de adolescentes brasileiros. 2020. 262 f. Tese (Doutorado em Educação Física) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2020.