Etileno modula o crescimento, rendimento e qualidade nutricional do amendoim (Arachis hypogaea L.) em resposta à profundidade de plantio
Data
2023-07-17
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
O amendoim é uma importante cultura agronômica que serve como fonte de óleo e proteína em todo o mundo. A profundidade de semeadura desempenha um papel importante no estabelecimento da planta e na produtividade da cultura. Têm-se indicações de que o etileno promove a germinação e estabelecimento das plântulas de amendoim. Entretanto, o mecanismo pelo qual tal fenômeno ocorre e se há alguma relação com a profundidade de plantio são hipóteses ainda não examinadas. Assim, o presente estudo objetivou investigar as ações integrativas entre o etileno e a profundidade de plantio no controle do crescimento e desenvolvimento do amendoim. Neste contexto, sementes de amendoim cultivar ‘IAPAR 25’ e ‘Tatu-53’ foram semeadas em condição de campo nas profundidades de 0,5, 2,5, 5, 10 e 15 cm e avaliou-se os parâmetros morfológicos, fisiológicos, metabólicos e de produção. Quando comparado com as plântulas desenvolvidas à profundidade de 5,0 cm, observou-se que a profundidade de plantio de 0,5 cm promoveu uma maior produção de etileno e ACC na parte aérea das mudas, induzindo um menor alongamento do epicótilo e hipocótilo das plântulas de ambas cultivares. Por outro lado, plântulas desenvolvidas a partir de sementes à profundidade de 15 cm apresentaram redução na produção de etileno e ACC, com maior alongamento do epicótilo e hipocótilo, em relação as plântulas desenvolvidas a 5,0 cm. Ademais, quando comparado com a profundidade de plantio de 5,0 cm, os tratamentos de semeadura rasa (0,5 cm) e semeadura profunda (15 cm) promoveram uma redução na taxa de assimilação líquida de carbono, nas concentrações de açúcares nas folhas, bem como redução do número de folhas, área foliar e biomassa foliar. Além disso, promoveram uma redução no número e comprimento de raízes laterais, no rendimento de vagens e sementes bem como na concentração de minerais como Ca, S, Cu e Zn nas sementes. Esses resultados sugerem que as alterações observadas na profundidade de plantio rasa estejam associadas ao efeito do etileno, que em altas concentrações inibe o crescimento da planta, afetando a partição de carbono e o desenvolvimento e produção do amendoim. As mudanças observadas na maior profundidade de plantio podem ser efeitos induzidos pelo maior tempo que as plântulas levaram para emergir do solo e ganhar capacidade fotoautotrófica. Alternativamente, a menor produção de etileno das plantas à profundidade de 15 cm pode ter afetado negativamente o desenvolvimento das plantas de amendoim. Além disso, as plantas de ambas cultivares desenvolvidas a partir de sementes à profundidade de 5,0 cm apresentaram melhor performance no desenvolvimento da planta, no rendimento de vagens e sementes assim como na qualidade nutricional do grão em relação às profundidades de 0,5, 2,5, 10 e 15 cm. Juntos, os resultados do presente estudo indicam que as plantas de amendoim têm a produção de etileno alterada em função da profundidade de plantio, desencadeando respostas morfofisiológicas e metabólicas nas etapas iniciais de crescimento que refletem na produção e qualidade do grão ao final do ciclo da cultura. Palavras-chave: Hormônios. Comprimento do hipocótilo. Expansão celular. Produção de amendoim. Fonte-dreno.
Peanut is an important agronomic crop that serves as a source of oil and protein worldwide. Sowing depth plays an important role in plant establishment and crop productivity. There are indications that ethylene promotes the germination and establishment of peanut seedlings. However, the mechanism by which this phenomenon occurs and whether there is any relationship with planting depth are hypotheses that have not yet been examined. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the integrative actions between ethylene and planting depth in controlling peanut growth and development. In this context, 'IAPAR 25' and 'Tatu-53' peanut cultivar seeds were sown in field conditions at depths of 0.5, 2.5, 5, 10 and 15 cm and the morphological, physiological, metabolism and production. When compared with the seedlings developed at a depth of 5.0 cm, it was observed that the planting depth of 0.5 cm promoted a greater production of ethylene and ACC in the aerial part of the seedlings, inducing a smaller elongation of the epicotyl and hypocotyl of the seedlings. seedlings of both cultivars. On the other hand, seedlings developed from seeds at a depth of 15 cm showed a reduction in ethylene and ACC production, with greater epicotyl and hypocotyl elongation, in relation to seedlings developed at 5.0 cm. Furthermore, when compared to a planting depth of 5.0 cm, the shallow sowing (0.5 cm) and deep sowing (15 cm) treatments promoted a reduction in the net carbon assimilation rate, in the sugar concentrations in the leaves, as well as a reduction in the number of leaves, leaf area and leaf biomass. In addition, they promoted a reduction in the number and length of lateral roots, in the yield of pods and seeds, as well as in the concentration of minerals such as Ca, S, Cu and Zn in the seeds. These results suggest that the changes observed in shallow planting depth are associated with the effect of ethylene, which at high concentrations inhibits plant growth, affecting carbon partitioning and peanut development and production. The changes observed in greater planting depth may be effects induced by the longer time that seedlings took to emerge from the soil and gain photoautotrophic capacity. Alternatively, the lower ethylene production of plants at a depth of 15 cm may have negatively affected the development of peanut plants. In addition, the plants of both cultivars developed from seeds at a depth of 5.0 cm showed better performance in plant development, pod and seed yield as well as nutritional quality of the grain in relation to depths of 0.5, 2.5, 10 and 15 cm. Together, the results of this study indicate that peanut plants have altered ethylene production as a function of planting depth, triggering morphophysiological and metabolic responses in the early stages of growth that reflect on the production and quality of the grain at the end of the crop cycle . Keywords: Hormones. Hypocotyl length. Cell expansion. Peanut production. Source-sink.
Peanut is an important agronomic crop that serves as a source of oil and protein worldwide. Sowing depth plays an important role in plant establishment and crop productivity. There are indications that ethylene promotes the germination and establishment of peanut seedlings. However, the mechanism by which this phenomenon occurs and whether there is any relationship with planting depth are hypotheses that have not yet been examined. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the integrative actions between ethylene and planting depth in controlling peanut growth and development. In this context, 'IAPAR 25' and 'Tatu-53' peanut cultivar seeds were sown in field conditions at depths of 0.5, 2.5, 5, 10 and 15 cm and the morphological, physiological, metabolism and production. When compared with the seedlings developed at a depth of 5.0 cm, it was observed that the planting depth of 0.5 cm promoted a greater production of ethylene and ACC in the aerial part of the seedlings, inducing a smaller elongation of the epicotyl and hypocotyl of the seedlings. seedlings of both cultivars. On the other hand, seedlings developed from seeds at a depth of 15 cm showed a reduction in ethylene and ACC production, with greater epicotyl and hypocotyl elongation, in relation to seedlings developed at 5.0 cm. Furthermore, when compared to a planting depth of 5.0 cm, the shallow sowing (0.5 cm) and deep sowing (15 cm) treatments promoted a reduction in the net carbon assimilation rate, in the sugar concentrations in the leaves, as well as a reduction in the number of leaves, leaf area and leaf biomass. In addition, they promoted a reduction in the number and length of lateral roots, in the yield of pods and seeds, as well as in the concentration of minerals such as Ca, S, Cu and Zn in the seeds. These results suggest that the changes observed in shallow planting depth are associated with the effect of ethylene, which at high concentrations inhibits plant growth, affecting carbon partitioning and peanut development and production. The changes observed in greater planting depth may be effects induced by the longer time that seedlings took to emerge from the soil and gain photoautotrophic capacity. Alternatively, the lower ethylene production of plants at a depth of 15 cm may have negatively affected the development of peanut plants. In addition, the plants of both cultivars developed from seeds at a depth of 5.0 cm showed better performance in plant development, pod and seed yield as well as nutritional quality of the grain in relation to depths of 0.5, 2.5, 10 and 15 cm. Together, the results of this study indicate that peanut plants have altered ethylene production as a function of planting depth, triggering morphophysiological and metabolic responses in the early stages of growth that reflect on the production and quality of the grain at the end of the crop cycle . Keywords: Hormones. Hypocotyl length. Cell expansion. Peanut production. Source-sink.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Amendoim - Efeito do etileno, Hormônios vegetais, Amendoim - Cultivo
Citação
CUELLAR LOPEZ, Deisy Johana. Etileno modula o crescimento, rendimento e qualidade nutricional do amendoim (Arachis hypogaea L.) em resposta à profundidade de plantio. 2023. 54 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Fisiologia Vegetal) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2023.