Influência de características individuais, familiares e ambientais nos comportamentos de atividade física e sedentário de adolescentes
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2021-12-17
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
Esta tese teve como objetivo geral verificar as características individuais, familiares, do ambiente escolar e da vizinhança que influenciam nos comportamentos de atividade física (AF) e sedentário de adolescentes da cidade de Viçosa-MG. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, com 309 adolescentes, com idade entre 14 e 16 anos. AF, comportamento sedentário e sono foram monitorados por acelerometria. As características individuais, familiares e do ambiente escolar foram obtidos por questionários. O ambiente da vizinhança foi avaliado por questionário e dados georreferenciados. Realizou-se avaliação antropométrica e da aptidão cardiorrespiratória. A Regressão Robusta mostrou que meninos, aqueles que trabalham e os de vizinhança sem calçamento apresentaram maior número de passos (NP) e tempo em AF leve (AFL) e AF moderada a vigorosa (AFMV); aqueles de vizinhanças com maior criminalidade realizaram maior NP e tempo em AFMV; aqueles de vizinhanças sem local adequado para caminhar realizaram maior NP; aqueles que se deslocam de forma ativa para escola apresentaram maior tempo em AFMV; enquanto os que se deslocam de forma passiva apresentaram maior tempo em AFL. Constatou-se que para cada hora a mais de sono, houve redução média de 5,0 minutos no tempo de AFL. A análise de classe latente (ACL) referente aos comportamentos de AF e sedentário identificou três classes: 1)“Ativa e Não Sedentária”, 2)“Ativa e Sedentária” e 3)“Inativa e Sedentária”. As associações entre as classes comportamentais mostraram que comparados aos adolescentes da classe 1, aqueles com tempo sentado elevado (TST), e aqueles com tempo de celular alto, baixo consumo de frutas, aptidão aeróbica baixa, estressado e chefe da família com Ensino Fundamental tiveram, respectivamente, mais chances de pertencerem as classes 2 e 3. Aqueles com status socioeconômico (SS) médio e alto tiveram menos chances de pertencerem a classe 1 que as classes 2 e 3, respectivamente. Adolescentes de vizinhanças com melhores atributos (uso diversificado do solo, conectividade de rua, facilidade para caminhar e segurança), tiveram menos chances de pertencerem a classe 1 que a classe 2. Os resultados da ACL do ambiente da vizinhança identificou três classes: 1)“Melhor Ambiente Percebido”; 2)“Moderado Ambiente Percebido” e 3)“Pior Ambiente Percebido”. As associações das classes de ambiente mostraram que aqueles com SS médio e baixo e aqueles com SS alto tiveram, respectivamente, mais chances de pertencer as classes 2 e 1. Adolescentes da classe 1 tiveram menor chance de envolvimento em ‘adequado tempo AFL’ e em ‘adequado TST’ em relação aos das classes 3 e 2, respectivamente. A Regressão Logística mostrou associações entre o nível de AF com as estimativas de densidade (KDE) dos locais de AF, raios de 1200m e 1600m, e com índice de caminhabilidade. Nos KDE 1200m e KDE 1600m, comparados aos adolescentes do quartil 1, aqueles dos quartis 3 e 4 tiveram maior chance de serem ativos. Para a caminhabilidade, constatou que aqueles do quartil 4 tiveram maior chance de serem ativos comparados aos do quartil 1. Esses achados poderão auxiliar na elaboração de estratégias envolvendo os vários domínios que o adolescente está inserido, com intuito de modificar seus comportamentos ativos e sedentários. Palavras-chave: Atividade Física. Comportamento Sedentário. Correlatos. Modelo Ecológico. Análise de Classe Latente. Adolescentes. Ambiente Construído. Geoprocessamento.
This thesis had general objective to verify the individual, family, school environment and neighborhood characteristics that influence the behaviors physical activity (PA) and sedentary of adolescents in the city of Viçosa-MG. This is a cross-sectional study, with 309 adolescents, aged between 14 and 16 years. PA, sedentary behavior and sleep were monitored by accelerometry. The Individual, family and school environment characteristics were obtained through questionnaires. The neighborhood environment was assessed trough a questionnaire and georeferenced data. An anthropometric and cardiorespiratory fitness assessment was performed. The Robust Regression showed that boys, those who work and those that living in the neighborhood unpaved had a greater number of steps (NS) and time in light PA (LPA) and moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA); those from neighborhoods with higher crime had higher NS and time spent in MVPA; those from neighborhoods without adequate place to walk performed higher NS; those who actively commute to school had more time in MVPA; while those who move passively had more time in LPA. It was found that for each additional hour of sleep, there was an average reduction of 5.0 minutes in LPA time. Latent class analysis (LCA) regarding PA and sedentary behaviors identified three classes: 1)“Active and Non-Sedentary”, 2)“Active and Sedentary” and 3)“Inactive and Sedentary”. The associations between behavioral classes showed that compared to adolescents in class 1, those with high sitting time (TST) and those with high cell phone time, low fruit consumption, low aerobic fitness, stressed and head of the family with Elementary School had , respectively, were more likely to belong to classes 2 and 3. Those with medium and high socioeconomic status (SS) had lower chance to belong to class 1 than classes 2 and 3, respectively. Adolescents from neighborhoods with better attributes (diverse land use, street connectivity, ease of walking and safety) had lower chance to belong to class 1 than class 2. The results of the LCA of the neighborhood environment identified three classes: 1)“Best Perceived Environment”; 2)“Moderate Perceived Environment” and 3)“Worst Perceived Environment”. The associations of environment classes showed that those with medium and low SS and those with high SS had, respectively, more chance to belong to classes 2 and 1. The Class 1 adolescents had lower chance of involved in 'adequate LPA time' and in 'adequate TST' in relation to classes 3 and 2, respectively. The Logistic Regression showed associations between the level of PA with the density estimates (KDE) of the PA locations, for radius of 1200m and 1600m, and with the walkability index. In the KDE 1200m and KDE 1600m, compared to adolescents in quartile 1, those in quartiles 3 and 4 had more chance to be active. For walkability, it was found that those in the 4th quartile had more chance to be active compared to those in the 1st quartile. These findings may help in the elaboration of strategies involving the various domains in which the adolescent is inserted, in order to modify their active and sedentary behaviors. Keywords: Physical Activity. Sedentary Behavior. Correlates. Ecological Model. Latent Class Analysis. Adolescents. Built Environment. Geoprocessing.
This thesis had general objective to verify the individual, family, school environment and neighborhood characteristics that influence the behaviors physical activity (PA) and sedentary of adolescents in the city of Viçosa-MG. This is a cross-sectional study, with 309 adolescents, aged between 14 and 16 years. PA, sedentary behavior and sleep were monitored by accelerometry. The Individual, family and school environment characteristics were obtained through questionnaires. The neighborhood environment was assessed trough a questionnaire and georeferenced data. An anthropometric and cardiorespiratory fitness assessment was performed. The Robust Regression showed that boys, those who work and those that living in the neighborhood unpaved had a greater number of steps (NS) and time in light PA (LPA) and moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA); those from neighborhoods with higher crime had higher NS and time spent in MVPA; those from neighborhoods without adequate place to walk performed higher NS; those who actively commute to school had more time in MVPA; while those who move passively had more time in LPA. It was found that for each additional hour of sleep, there was an average reduction of 5.0 minutes in LPA time. Latent class analysis (LCA) regarding PA and sedentary behaviors identified three classes: 1)“Active and Non-Sedentary”, 2)“Active and Sedentary” and 3)“Inactive and Sedentary”. The associations between behavioral classes showed that compared to adolescents in class 1, those with high sitting time (TST) and those with high cell phone time, low fruit consumption, low aerobic fitness, stressed and head of the family with Elementary School had , respectively, were more likely to belong to classes 2 and 3. Those with medium and high socioeconomic status (SS) had lower chance to belong to class 1 than classes 2 and 3, respectively. Adolescents from neighborhoods with better attributes (diverse land use, street connectivity, ease of walking and safety) had lower chance to belong to class 1 than class 2. The results of the LCA of the neighborhood environment identified three classes: 1)“Best Perceived Environment”; 2)“Moderate Perceived Environment” and 3)“Worst Perceived Environment”. The associations of environment classes showed that those with medium and low SS and those with high SS had, respectively, more chance to belong to classes 2 and 1. The Class 1 adolescents had lower chance of involved in 'adequate LPA time' and in 'adequate TST' in relation to classes 3 and 2, respectively. The Logistic Regression showed associations between the level of PA with the density estimates (KDE) of the PA locations, for radius of 1200m and 1600m, and with the walkability index. In the KDE 1200m and KDE 1600m, compared to adolescents in quartile 1, those in quartiles 3 and 4 had more chance to be active. For walkability, it was found that those in the 4th quartile had more chance to be active compared to those in the 1st quartile. These findings may help in the elaboration of strategies involving the various domains in which the adolescent is inserted, in order to modify their active and sedentary behaviors. Keywords: Physical Activity. Sedentary Behavior. Correlates. Ecological Model. Latent Class Analysis. Adolescents. Built Environment. Geoprocessing.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Exercícios físicos, Adolescentes, Comportamento sedentário, Modelos teóricos, Análise de classes latentes, Ambiente construído, Mapeamento geográfico
Citação
CAETANO, Isabella Toledo. Influência de características individuais, familiares e ambientais nos comportamentos de atividade física e sedentário de adolescentes. 2021. 280 f. Tese (Doutorado em Educação Física) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2021.