Temperatura e precipitação na América do Sul: situação atual e perspectivas futuras do IPCC/AR5
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2013-07-25
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
A Temperatura da Superfície do Mar (TSM) é capaz de influenciar na circulação atmosférica e consequentemente alterar os padrões climáticos tanto em escala local quanto global. Este trabalho buscou entender como a temperatura e precipitação na América do Sul respondem em função dos modos de variabilidade climática El Niño Oscilação-Sul (ENSO) e Dipolo do Atlântico (DA), para as condições atuais e futuras, considerando um cenário extremo de emissão de Gases de Efeito Estuda (GEE). Foram utilizados quatro modelos climáticos acoplados do Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change/Fifth Assessment Report (IPCC/AR5), pertencentes ao Projeto de Intercomparação de Modelos Acoplados, Fase 5 (CMIP5): MRI (Meteorology Research Institute, Japão), INM (Institute for Numerical Mathematics, Rússia), NCC (Norwegian Climate Center, Noruega) e ECHAM/MPI (Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Alemanha). Os resultados mostraram que os padrões dominantes nos Oceanos Pacífico e Atlântico, são respectivamente o ENSO e Dipolo do Atlântico e foram melhor reproduzidos pelos modelos MPI e NCC (INM e MRI) e se mostraram satisfatórios (insatisfatórios) e capazes (incapazes) de reproduzir a resposta da precipitação e temperatura, em relação ao clima observado sobre a AS. Para condições futuras têm-se episódios de ENSO mais intensos, enquanto que para configurações do tipo DA notam-se gradientes inter-hemisféricos mais intensos, onde se observou TSM's mais baixas no Atlântico Norte. Além disso, projeta-se que este padrão, conhecido como fase negativa do DA, poderá influenciar significativamente na circulação atmosférica e alterar os padrões de temperatura e precipitação na AS.
Sea Surface Temperature (SST) is able to influence the atmospheric circulation and consequently changes weather patterns in both local and global scale. This study aimed to understand how temperature and precipitation in South America respond to modes of climate variability such as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Atlantic Dipole (AD), for current and future conditions, considering an extreme emission scenario of GreenHouse effect (GHG). We used four models as part of coupled model of Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change/Fifth Assessment Report (IPCC/AR5), intercomparison project, Phase 5 (CMIP5): MRI (Meteorology Research Institute, Japan), INM (Institute for Numerical Mathematics, Russia), NCC (Norwegian Climate Center, Norway) and ECHAM / MPI (Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Germany). The results have shown that the dominant patterns in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, are respectively the ENSO and Dipole Atlantic which were better simulated by the models MPI and NCC (INM and MRI) and proved satisfactory (unsatisfactory) and able (unable) to reproduce the response of precipitation and temperature in relation to observed climate over the South America. For future conditions it has been found more intense episodes of ENSO, while for AD the inter-hemispheric gradients is more intense. Furthermore, it is projected that this pattern, known as the negative phase of AD, may significantly influence the atmospheric circulation and alter the patterns of temperature and precipitation in South America.
Sea Surface Temperature (SST) is able to influence the atmospheric circulation and consequently changes weather patterns in both local and global scale. This study aimed to understand how temperature and precipitation in South America respond to modes of climate variability such as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Atlantic Dipole (AD), for current and future conditions, considering an extreme emission scenario of GreenHouse effect (GHG). We used four models as part of coupled model of Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change/Fifth Assessment Report (IPCC/AR5), intercomparison project, Phase 5 (CMIP5): MRI (Meteorology Research Institute, Japan), INM (Institute for Numerical Mathematics, Russia), NCC (Norwegian Climate Center, Norway) and ECHAM / MPI (Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Germany). The results have shown that the dominant patterns in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, are respectively the ENSO and Dipole Atlantic which were better simulated by the models MPI and NCC (INM and MRI) and proved satisfactory (unsatisfactory) and able (unable) to reproduce the response of precipitation and temperature in relation to observed climate over the South America. For future conditions it has been found more intense episodes of ENSO, while for AD the inter-hemispheric gradients is more intense. Furthermore, it is projected that this pattern, known as the negative phase of AD, may significantly influence the atmospheric circulation and alter the patterns of temperature and precipitation in South America.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Climatologia, América do Sul, Modelagem, IPCC/AR5, Temperatura, Precipitação, Climatology, South America, Modeling, IPCC/AR5, Temperature, Rainfall
Citação
TAVARES, Mônica Weber. Temperature and precipitation in South America: current situation and future perspctives IPCC/AR5. 2013. 79 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agrometeorologia; Climatologia; Micrometeorologia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2013.