Análise do vazio sanitário na incidência de ferrugem asiática da soja no Tocantins
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Data
2017-03-31
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Editor
Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
A ferrugem asiática da soja, causada por Phakopsora pachyrhizi, foi descrita pela primeira vez em 1902 no Japão e era limitada à Ásia e à Austrália até 1997, quando foi encontrada em Uganda. Na safra 2001/02 ocorreu no Brasil, nos estados do RS, PR, MG, SP, MT, MS, GO e SC. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o efeito da implantação do vazio sanitário da soja na incidência de ferrugem asiática no Estado do Tocantins. Os dados foram obtidos das fiscalizações da Agência de Defesa Agropecuária do Estado do Tocantins – ADAPEC e das ocorrências registradas de ferrugem asiática da soja pelo Consórcio Antiferrugem - CAF. O Brasil acumulou 2.250 ocorrências e o Tocantins aparece com poucas notificações junto ao Consórcio, porém, nos períodos de entressafra os números da ADAPEC mostram um total de 416 ocorrências no período de 2011 a 2016. A incidência no Tocantins no período de safra foi ínfima conforme consta no site do Consórcio, porém, esta relação na entressafra variou de 0,03 em 2011 a 0,098 no ano de 2015. A incidência em 2013 apresentou acréscimo de 108% em relação ao ano anterior. De 2013 para 2014 houve um incremento de 560% no período de entressafra. Do total de 416 ocorrências de ferrugem na entressafra no Tocantins, 319 apresentaram 2,0% para severidade, totalizando 76,68% nas ocorrências com este nível de severidade. Apesar do número elevado de ocorrências na entressafra, a ferrugem não apresentou continuidade na safra no Tocantins. Conclui-se que o vazio sanitário adotado no Estado do Tocantins tem auxiliado como estratégia para o controle e a baixa incidência de ferrugem asiática da soja em todas as regiões de produção. Em 2015, houve um aumento da incidência de ferrugem na entressafra. Nota-se ainda que o número significativo da incidência no período de entressafra não refletiu na safra nos anos de 2011 a 2016. O nível de severidade em área foliar na entressafra foi concentrado no nível de 2% para os anos de 2011 a 2016. Os estádios fenológicos de ocorrência variaram de R2 a R7 no período de safra e de R3 a R8 na entressafra, permanecendo com a característica de surgimento em final de ciclo.
Asian soybean rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi was first described in 1902 in Japan and was limited to Asia and Australia until 1997 when it was found in Uganda. In the 2001/02, it occurred in crops in Brazil, in the states of RS, PR, MG, SP, MT, MS, GO and SC. The aim of this work was to analyze the effect of the implantation of the sanitary emptiness of soybean on the incidence of Asian rust in the State of Tocantins. The data were obtained from the inspections of the Agricultural Defense Agency of the State of Tocantins - ADAPEC and from the recorded occurrences of Asian soybean rust by the Anti-rust Consortium - AFC. Brazil accumulated 2,250 occurrences and Tocantins appears with few notifications with the Consortium, but in the off-seasons the ADAPEC numbers show a total of 416 occurrences in the period from 2011 to 2016. The incidence in Tocantins in the harvest period was negligible from the data on the Consortium website, but this relationship in the off-season varied from 0.03 for 2011 to 0.098 in the year of 2015. The incidence in 2013 increased by 108% in relation to the previous year. From 2013 to 2014, an increase of 560% in the off-season was observed. From the total of 416 rust occurrence in the State of Tocantins off-season, 319 presented 2.0% for severity, totaling 76.68% in the occurrences with this level of severity. Despite the high number of occurrences in the off season, rust did not show continuity in the Tocantins harvest. It is concluded that the sanitary void adopted in the State of Tocantins has contributed as a control strategy and has lowed the incidence of Asian soybean rust in all production regions. There was an increase in the incidence of rust in the off-season that culminated in the year 2015. Even with the significant number of incidence in the off-season, it was not reflected in the harvest in the years of 2011 to 2016. The level of leaf area severity in the off-season was concentrated in the level of 2% for the years of 2011 to 2016. The phenological stages of occurrence varied from R2 to R7 in the harvest period and from R3 to R8 in the off-season, remaining with the emergence characteristic at the end of the cycle.
Asian soybean rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi was first described in 1902 in Japan and was limited to Asia and Australia until 1997 when it was found in Uganda. In the 2001/02, it occurred in crops in Brazil, in the states of RS, PR, MG, SP, MT, MS, GO and SC. The aim of this work was to analyze the effect of the implantation of the sanitary emptiness of soybean on the incidence of Asian rust in the State of Tocantins. The data were obtained from the inspections of the Agricultural Defense Agency of the State of Tocantins - ADAPEC and from the recorded occurrences of Asian soybean rust by the Anti-rust Consortium - AFC. Brazil accumulated 2,250 occurrences and Tocantins appears with few notifications with the Consortium, but in the off-seasons the ADAPEC numbers show a total of 416 occurrences in the period from 2011 to 2016. The incidence in Tocantins in the harvest period was negligible from the data on the Consortium website, but this relationship in the off-season varied from 0.03 for 2011 to 0.098 in the year of 2015. The incidence in 2013 increased by 108% in relation to the previous year. From 2013 to 2014, an increase of 560% in the off-season was observed. From the total of 416 rust occurrence in the State of Tocantins off-season, 319 presented 2.0% for severity, totaling 76.68% in the occurrences with this level of severity. Despite the high number of occurrences in the off season, rust did not show continuity in the Tocantins harvest. It is concluded that the sanitary void adopted in the State of Tocantins has contributed as a control strategy and has lowed the incidence of Asian soybean rust in all production regions. There was an increase in the incidence of rust in the off-season that culminated in the year 2015. Even with the significant number of incidence in the off-season, it was not reflected in the harvest in the years of 2011 to 2016. The level of leaf area severity in the off-season was concentrated in the level of 2% for the years of 2011 to 2016. The phenological stages of occurrence varied from R2 to R7 in the harvest period and from R3 to R8 in the off-season, remaining with the emergence characteristic at the end of the cycle.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Soja - Doenças e pragas - Tocantins, Ferrugem asiática, Ferrugem da soja (Doença)
Citação
MICHELIN, Luís Henrique Fróes. Análise do vazio sanitário na incidência de ferrugem asiática da soja no Tocantins. 2017. 31 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Defesa Sanitária Vegetal) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2017.