Síntese de complexos de metais com ditiocarbimatos e estudo de sua atividade como aceleradores na vulcanização da borracha natural
Arquivos
Data
2008-02-07
Autores
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
Este trabalho envolve a síntese de oito complexos de metais com ditiocarbimatos, sendo quatro de zinco e quatro de níquel. Os ditiocarbimatos são compostos estruturalmente semelhantes aos ditiocarbamatos, porém muito menos estudados. As sínteses dos complexos foram feitas em três etapas: a primeira consistiu na obtenção das sulfonamidas (RSO2NH2) pela reação dos cloretos de sulfonila adequados com solução de amônia concentrada. A segunda compreendeu a obtenção dos ditiocarbimatos de potássio (RSO2N=CS2K2) através da reação das sulfonamidas com um equivalente de
dissulfeto de carbono e dois equivalentes de hidróxido de potássio, em dimetilformamida. A terceira etapa consistiu na obtenção dos complexos pela reação de dois equivalentes dos ditiocarbimatos de potássio com um equivalente de um sal do metal apropriado e dois equivalentes do brometo de
tetrafenilfosfônio em solução de metanol:água 1:1. Foram obtidos, assim, complexos de fórmula geral [M(RSO2N=CS2)2]2-, (M = Zn, Ni), (R = metila, etila,
butila, octila) isolados na forma de sais de tetrafenilfosfônio,
(Ph4P)2[M(RSO2N=CS2)2]. Dados de difração de raios-X mostram uma geometria tetraédrica em torno do cátion zinco(II) e uma geometria quadrática em torno do cátion níquel(II). Todos os complexos sintetizados mostraram-se
ativos como aceleradores na vulcanização da borracha natural, porém mais lentos do que os aceleradores comerciais: CBS, TMTD e MBTS. Dentre os complexos sintetizados, os de zinco apresentaram uma melhor atividade do que os de níquel. O tamanho da cadeia alifática do ligante mostrou ser um fator
importante na atividade dos compostos, sendo que aqueles com maior cadeia alifática mostraram-se mais ativos.
This work describes the syntheses of eight metals complexes with dithiocarbimates, four of them of zinc and four of nickel. Dithiocarbimates are compounds structurally similar to dithiocarbamates, but less studied. The syntheses of the complexes were made in three stages: In the first one sulfonamides (RSO2NH2) were obtained through the reaction of adequate sulfonyl chlorides with a concentrated ammonia solution. In the second one potassium dithiocarbimates (RSO2N=CS2K2) were prepared through the reaction of sulfonamides with an equivalent of carbon disulfide and two equivalents of potassium hydroxide, in dimethylformamide. The third step consisted in the syntheses of the complexes through the reaction of two equivalents of potassium dithiocarbimates with an equivalent of an appropriate metal salt and two equivalents of tetraphenylphosphonium bromide in methanol:water 1:1. Thus, complexes with general formula [M(RSO2N=CS2)2]2-, (M=Zn, Ni), (R = methyl, ethyl, butyl, octyl) were obtained and isolated in the form of tetraphenylphosphonium salts, (Ph4P)2[M(RSO2N=CS2)2]. Data from Xray diffraction showed a tetrahedral geometry around the zinc(II) cation and a quadratic geometry around the nickel(II) cation. All the synthesized complexes were active as accelerators in the vulcanization of natural rubber, but they were slower than the commercial accelerators: CBS, TMTD and MBTS. Among the synthesized complexes, the zinc ones showed higher activity than the nickel ones. The size of the aliphatic chain of the ligand is an important factor in the activity of the compounds, whereas those with longer aliphatic chains were more active.
This work describes the syntheses of eight metals complexes with dithiocarbimates, four of them of zinc and four of nickel. Dithiocarbimates are compounds structurally similar to dithiocarbamates, but less studied. The syntheses of the complexes were made in three stages: In the first one sulfonamides (RSO2NH2) were obtained through the reaction of adequate sulfonyl chlorides with a concentrated ammonia solution. In the second one potassium dithiocarbimates (RSO2N=CS2K2) were prepared through the reaction of sulfonamides with an equivalent of carbon disulfide and two equivalents of potassium hydroxide, in dimethylformamide. The third step consisted in the syntheses of the complexes through the reaction of two equivalents of potassium dithiocarbimates with an equivalent of an appropriate metal salt and two equivalents of tetraphenylphosphonium bromide in methanol:water 1:1. Thus, complexes with general formula [M(RSO2N=CS2)2]2-, (M=Zn, Ni), (R = methyl, ethyl, butyl, octyl) were obtained and isolated in the form of tetraphenylphosphonium salts, (Ph4P)2[M(RSO2N=CS2)2]. Data from Xray diffraction showed a tetrahedral geometry around the zinc(II) cation and a quadratic geometry around the nickel(II) cation. All the synthesized complexes were active as accelerators in the vulcanization of natural rubber, but they were slower than the commercial accelerators: CBS, TMTD and MBTS. Among the synthesized complexes, the zinc ones showed higher activity than the nickel ones. The size of the aliphatic chain of the ligand is an important factor in the activity of the compounds, whereas those with longer aliphatic chains were more active.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Complexos de zinco, Complexos de níquel, Ditiocarbimatos, Borracha natural, Aceleradores de vulcanização, Zinc complexes, Nickel complexes, Dithiocarbimates, Natural rubber, Accelerators of the vulcanization
Citação
CUNHA, Leandro Marcos Gomes. Synthesis of metal complexes with dithiocarbimates
and study of their activity as accelerators in the vulcanization of
natural rubber. 2008. 190 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agroquímica analítica; Agroquímica inorgânica e Físico-química; Agroquímica orgânica) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2008.