Veterinária
URI permanente desta comunidadehttps://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/11842
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Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Efficacy of Monacrosporium thaumasium in the control of goat gastrointestinal helminthiasis in a semi-arid region of Brazil(Parasitology Research, 2013-02) Braga, Fabio Ribeiro; Araújo, Jackson Victor de; Vilela, Vinícius Longo Ribeiro; Feitosa, Thais Ferreira; Lucena, Samuel Cavalcante de; Dantas, Elaine Silva; Athayde, Ana Célia Rodrigues; Silva, Wilson WouflanThe aim of the present study was to test a pellet formulation of Monacrosporium thaumasium in a sodium alginate matrix in the biological control of goat gastrointestinal helminthiasis in a semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil. An area of 2.4 ha was divided into three paddocks, with seven goats kept on each paddock, during the months of March to August 2011: group 1 received 3 g/10 kg live weight of M. thaumasium pellets (NF34a) twice a week; group 2 was given 0.2 mg/kg of 0.2 % moxidectin orally every 30 days; and group 3 received 3 g/10 kg live weight of pellets without fungus twice per week. Each month, two tracer goats was placed in each group for 30 days and then killed and necropsied. The M. thaumasium group showed a 34 % reduction in eggs per gram, higher packed cell volume rates and a lower parasitic load in the tracers compared with the other groups. The 0.2 % moxidectin group had weight gain of 5.7 kg; the M. thaumasium group, 3.6 kg; and the control group had an average reduction in weight of 1.1 kg. The use of M. thaumasium pellets may be effective as an alternative method to control goat gastrointestinal helminthiasis in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil.Item Fungi predatory activity on embryonated Toxocara canis eggs inoculated in domestic chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) and destruction of second stage larvae(Parasitology Research, 2015-09) Araújo, Jackson Victor de; Fonseca, Leandro Abreu da; Hiura, Emy; Lopes, Aline del Carmen Garcia; Paz, Jeanne Saraiva da; Gava, Maylla Garschagen; Flecher, Mayra Cunha; Colares, Manuela; Soares, Filippe Elias de Freitas; Lacerda, Tracy; Braga, Fabio RibeiroThe objective of this study was to evaluate the infectivity of Toxocara canis eggs after interacting with isolated nematophagous fungi of the species Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001) and Pochonia chlamydosporia (VC4), and test the predatory activity of the isolated AC001 on T. canis second stage larvae after 7 days of interaction. In assay A, 5000 embryonated T. canis eggs previously in contact with the AC001 and VC4 isolated for 10 days were inoculated into domestic chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus), and then these animals were necropsied to collect material (digested liver, intestine, muscles and lungs) at 3-, 7-, 14-, and 21-day intervals after inoculation. In assay A, the results demonstrated that the prior interaction of the eggs with isolated AC001 and VC4 decreases the amount of larvae found in the collected organs. Difference (p < 0.01) was observed in the medium larvae counts recovered from liver, lung, intestine, and muscle of animals in the treated groups when compared to the animals in the control group. At the end of assay A, a percentage reduction of 87.1 % (AC001) and 84.5 % (VC4) respectively was recorded. In the result of assay B, the isolated AC001 showed differences (p < 0.01) compared to the control group, with a reduction of 53.4 % in the recovery of L2. Through these results, it is justified to mention that prior interaction of embryonated T. canis eggs with the tested fungal isolates were efficient in reducing the development and migration of this parasite, in addition to the first report of proven predatory activity on L2.Item Biological control of goat gastrointestinal helminthiasis by Duddingtonia flagrans in a semi-arid region of the northeastern Brazil(Veterinary Parasitology, 2012-08-13) Braga, Fabio Ribeiro; Araújo, Jackson Victor de; Vilela, Vinícius Longo Ribeiro; Feitosa, Thais Ferreira; Souto, Diego Vagner de Oliveira; Santos, Herbis Eduardo da Silva; Silva, Gabriela Lucena Longo da; Athayde, Ana Célia RodriguesThe aim of this study was to test a pellet formulation in a sodium alginate matrix of Duddingtonia flagrans in the biological control of goat gastrointestinal helminths kept in a native pasture in a semi-arid region of Paraíba state, northeastern Brazil. An area of 2.4 ha was divided into three paddocks, where groups of seven goats ware formed. Each group received the following treatments during the months of March to August 2011: D. flagrans group, received 3 g of pellets containing D. flagrans (AC001) for each 10 kg/l. w., twice a week; Moxidectin 0.2% group, received 0.2 mg/kg of Moxidectin 0.2% orally, every 30 days; Control group, received 3 g of pellets without fungi per 10 kg/l. w., twice a week. Each month, a tracer goat was placed in each group for 30 days and then sacrificed and necropsied. The D. flagrans group showed a greater reduction in EPG, increased weight gain, higher rates of packed cell volume and lower parasitic load burden in the tracer goats compared to Moxidectin 0.2% and Control groups. D. flagrans was efficient in controlling goat gastrointestinal helminthiasis in a semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil.Item Activity of the nematophagous fungi Pochonia chlamydosporia, Duddingtonia flagrans and Monacrosporium thaumasium on egg capsules of Dipylidium caninum(Veterinary Parasitology, 2009-12-03) Araujo, Juliana Milani; Araújo, Jackson Victor de; Braga, Fabio Ribeiro; Carvalho, Rogério Oliva; Ferreira, Sebastião RodrigoNematophagous fungi are potential biological control agents of helminths. The in vitro ovicidal effect of four isolates of the nematophagous fungi Pochonia chlamydosporia (VC1 and VC4), Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001) and Monacrosporium thaumasium (NF34) was evaluated on egg capsules of Dipylidium caninum, a cestode parasite of dogs, cats and humans. One thousand egg capsules of D. caninum were plated on 2% water-agar with the grown isolates and control without fungus. The ovicidal activity of these fungi was evaluated 5, 10 and 15 days after incubation. Only P. chlamydosporia showed ovicidal activity (p < 0.05) on D. caninum egg capsules, of 19.6% (VC1) and 20% (VC4) on the 5th day; 44.2% (VC1) and 31.5% (VC4) on the 10th day; and 49.2% (VC1) and 41.9% (VC4) on the 15th day. D. flagrans and M. thaumasium caused no morphological damage to egg capsules. The results demonstrated that P. chlamydosporia was in vitro effective against capsules and eggs of D. caninum, and can be considered as a potential biological control agent for this helminth.Item In vitro predatory activity of nematophagous fungi Duddingtonia flagrans on infective larvae of Oesophagostomum spp. after passing through gastrointestinal tract of pigs(Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2011-04-06) Ferreira, Sebastião Rodrigo; Araújo, Jackson Victor de; Braga, Fabio Ribeiro; Araujo, Juliana Milani; Fernandes, Fernanda MaraOne isolate of predator fungi Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001) was assessed in vitro regarding the capacity of supporting the passage through pigs' gastrointestinal tract without loss of the ability of preying infective larvae Oesophagostomum spp. Fungal isolates survived the passage and were efficient in preying L3 since the first 8 h of collection (p < 0.01) in relation to the control group (without fungus). Compared with control, there was a significant decrease (p < 0.01) of 59.6% (8 h), 71.7% (12 h), 76.8% (24 h), 81.0% (36 h), 78.0% (48 h), 76.1% (72 h), and 82.7% (96 h) in means of infective larvae Oesophagostomum spp. recovered from treatments with isolate AC001. Linear regression coefficients of L3 of recovered Oesophagostomum spp. regarding the collections due to time were −0.621 for control, −1.40 for AC001, and −2.64 for NF34. Fungi D. flagrans (AC001) had demonstrated to be promising for use in the biological control of pig parasite Oesophagostomum spp.Item Viability and nematophagous activity of the freeze-dried fungus Arthrobotrys robusta against Ancylostoma spp. infective larvae in dogs(Veterinary Parasitology, 2010-10-20) Carvalho, Rogério Oliva; Braga, Fabio Ribeiro; Araújo, Jackson VictorViability and in vitro and in vivo activities of freeze-dried conidia of the predatory fungus Arthrobotrys robusta (I-31) were evaluated against infective larvae (L3) of Ancylostoma spp. in dogs. A. robusta conidia were lyophilized and stored at 4 °C for a month. Freeze-dried conidia were diluted to 1 × 103 conidia/ml and tested in vivo. The treated group consisted of a solution containing conidia (1 ml) and 1000 Ancylostoma spp. (L3) placed on Petri dishes plated with 2% water–agar (2% WA), at 25 °C, in the dark for 10 days. The control group consisted of 1000 Ancylostoma spp. L3, plated on 2% WA. After 10 days, Ancylostoma spp. L3 from both the treated and the control groups were recovered and counted. The in vivo test was performed on two dogs by administering a single oral dose of freeze-dried conidia (1.5 × 105) in aqueous solution to one animal and only water to the other. Fecal samples were collected at 12, 24 and 48 h after the treatments, plated 2% WA plates and incubated at 25 °C for 15 days. A thousand Ancylostoma spp. L3 larvae were spread on these plates. At day 15, infective L3 recovered from the treated and control groups were counted. In the in vitro test, A. robusta was able to survive the freeze-drying process, grow in the plates, form traps and capture Ancylostoma spp. L3. There was a 75.38% decrease in the number of infective larvae recovered from the treated group. The in vivo test showed that freeze-dried A. robusta conidia survived the passage through the gastrointestinal tract of the treated dog, was able to grow in the plates and capture Ancylostoma spp. L3, reducing the number of recovered L3 (p < 0.01). Freeze-drying can be an alternative method for conservation of conidia of nematophagous fungi.Item Ovicidal action of a crude enzymatic extract of the fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia against cyathostomin eggs(Veterinary Parasitology, 2010-05-11) Braga, Fabio Ribeiro; Araújo, Jackson Victor; Carvalho, Rogério Oliva; Silva, André Ricardo; Araujo, Juliana Milani; Soares, Filippe E. Feitas; Geniêr, Hugo L. André; Ferreira, Sebastião Rodrigo; Queiroz, José HumbertoThe aims of this study were to test the action of the fungal extract of Pochonia chlamydosporia (VC4) on the hatching of cyathostomin eggs plated in Petri dishes containing 2% water-agar (2% WA) and its enzymatic activity in fecal cultures, in two experimental assays (A and B). The fungus P. chlamydosporia (VC4) was cultured in Erlenmeyer flasks (250 ml) containing 50 ml of liquid minimal medium supplemented with 0.2% gelatin for production of the crude enzymatic extract. Approximately 1 kg of fresh feces was collected directly from the rectum of crossbred horses naturally infected with cyathostomins. The fecal material was used to obtain eggs and prepare fecal cultures. For assay A, one thousand eggs were plated on 4.5 cm diameter Petri dishes together with 5 ml of VC4 fungal filtrate and incubated at 26 °C in the dark for 24 h. The control group consisted of 1000 eggs in Petri dishes containing 10 ml of distilled water, which were incubated under the same conditions. After 24 h, the total number of cyathostomin larvae present in each plate of the treated and control groups was counted. For assay B, about 20 g of feces were added with 10 ml of fungal extract of P. chlamydosporia (VC4) and incubated at 26 °C for 8 days. Third stage larvae (L3) were recovered at the end of this period. Significant difference (p < 0.01) was found for the number of larvae between the treated group and the control at end of assay A. A 72.8% reduction in the hatching of cyathostomin eggs was found in the plates of the treated group compared with the control group. At the end of 8 days, the fungal extract of P. chlamydosporia (VC4), in assay B, was effective in reducing the number of L3 cyathostomins in the treated group by 67.0% compared with the control group. Significant difference (p < 0.01) was found between the means of L3 recovered from the treated group and the control group. The results of this work showed that crude enzymatic extract of P. chlamydosporia (VC4) was effective in reducing hatching of cyathostomin eggs and therefore could be used as a biological control agent of this nematode.Item Viability of the nematophagous fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia after passage through the gastrointestinal tract of horses(Veterinary Parasitology, 2009-11-24) Braga, Fabio Ribeiro; Araújo, Jackson Victor; Silva, André Ricardo; Carvalho, Rogério Oliva; Araujo, Juliana Milani; Ferreira, Sebastião Rodrigo; Carvalho, Giovanni RibeiroThe predatory capacity of the nematophagous fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia (isolate VC4) embedded in sodium alginate pellets after passage through the gastrointestinal tract of horses was assessed in vitro against Oxyuris equi eggs. Twelve previously dewormed crossbred mares, average weight of 362.5 kg (±21) were used in the experiment. Each animal of the treated group received an oral dose (100 g) of sodium alginate pellets containing P. chlamydosporia mycelial mass. The control group received pellets without fungus. Faecal samples from fungus-treated and control groups were collected at intervals of 8, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h after pellet administration and placed in Petri dishes containing 2% water-agar. One thousand eggs of O. equi were plated in Petri dishes of both treated and control groups, with six replicates, and incubated in oven, 25 °C, in the dark, for 30 days. At the end of the experiment, one hundred eggs were removed from each Petri dish and classified according to the following parameters: type 1, physiological and biochemical effect without morphological damage to eggshell, with hyphae adhered to the shell; type 2, lytic effect with morphological change in the eggshell and embryo without hyphal penetration, and type 3, lytic effect with morphological change in the eggshell and embryo, with hyphal penetration and internal egg colonization. Chlamydospore production was observed in Petri dishes of the treated group. The isolate VC4 remained viable after passing through the gastrointestinal tract of horses and maintained the ovicidal activity against O. equi eggs when compared with the control group (p < 0.01) after each collection interval: 29.1% (8 h), 28.2% (12 h), 31.1% (24 h), 27.4% (36 h), 30.9% (48 h) and 28.4% (72 h). The results suggest that P. chlamydosporia could be used as an effective biological control agent of O. equi eggs in natural conditions.Item Control of sheep gastrointestinal nematodes using the combination of Duddingtonia flagrans and Levamisole Hydrochloride 5%(Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária, 2018-02-05) Braga, Fabio Ribeiro; Vilela, Vinícius Longo Ribeiro; Braga, Fabio Ribeiro; Vieira, Vanessa Diniz; Lucena, Samuel Cavalcante de; Araújo, Jackson Victor deThe objective was to evaluate the action of D. flagrans pellets in association with Levamisole Hydrochloride 5% for controlling sheep gastrointestinal nematodes in the northeastern Brazil. Three groups of six sheep each were formed: group 1 received 3 g of the pellets (0.6 g of D. flagrans mycelium) for each 10 kg b.w., twice a week for six months, and deworming with Levamisole Hydrochloride 5% when EPG ≥ 1500; group 2 received a dosage of Levamisole Hydrochloride 5% when EPG ≥ 1500; and group 3 received 3 g of pellets without fungi for each 10 kg b.w., twice a week for six months. EPG counts, larval cultures, packed cell volume (PCV) and weighing were performed every 15 days; monthly, samples of grass from each paddock were collected. The mean EPG of the groups began to statistically differ from day 30 (p < 0.05). Group 1 required less deworming with Levamisole Hydrochloride 5% and showed superiority of PCV values throughout the experiment (p < 0.05). There was a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in L3 recovery in the group 1 paddock from day 30 onwards. The use of D. flagrans pellets in association with Levamisole Hydrochloride 5% was effective for controlling gastrointestinal nematodes.Item Effect of the fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia on Echinostoma paraensei (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae)(Acta Tropica, 2014-07-10) Lelis, Rosane Teixeira; Braga, Fabio Ribeiro; Carvalho, Lorendane Millena de; Paula, Alessandra Teixeira de; Araujo, Juliana Milani; Fausto, Mariana Costa; Rodrigues, João Victor Facchini; Soares, Filippe Eliasde Freitas; Araújo, Jackson Victor de; Maldonado Junior, Arnaldo; Garcia, Juberlan SilvaEchinostoma paraensei is a trematode of the genus Echinostoma that causes echinostomiasis in humans. The objectives of this study were to: evaluate the ovicidal activity of the nematophagous fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia (VC1 and VC4) on a solid medium 2% water–agar (2% WA) against E. paraensei eggs (assay A); evaluate ovicidal effect (destruction of eggs) of the isolate VC4 in supplemented culture media (assay B); and evaluate the ovicidal ability of the crude extract (VC4) on E. paraensei eggs (assay C). Eggs of E. paraensei (assay A) were placed in Petri dishes containing 2% WA with an isolate of the fungus P. chlamydosporia (VC1 and VC4) grown for 10 days, and without fungus as a control and evaluated regarding their destruction. In assay B, eggs of E. paraensei were placed in Petri dishes with different supplemented culture media and with VC4 isolate and the destruction of eggs was examined at the end of 25 days of interaction. In assay C, effects of the crude extract of P. chlamydosporia (VC4) on eggs were evaluated at the end of 7 days. In assay A, there was no difference (p > 0.05) in ovicidal activity among the tested isolates (VC1 and VC4); however, the highest percentage for ovicidal activity (type 3 effect) was demonstrated by the isolate VC4. In assay B, the culture medium starch–agar showed the best results for the destruction of the eggs, with a percentage of 46.6% at the end of the assay. In assay C, the crude extract of VC4 was effective in the destruction of E. paraensei eggs, with a percentage reduction of 53%. The results of this study demonstrate that a rich culture medium with a greater availability of carbon and nitrogen may interfere directly in the predatory characteristics of ovicidal fungi.
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