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Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Parasitismo de traça-das-crucíferas por Oomyzus sokolowskii(Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 2010-07) Pallini, Ângelo; Silva-Torres, Christian Sherley Araújo da; Torres, Jorge Braz; Barros, ReginaldoO objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a capacidade de parasitismo do parasitoide larval-pupal Oomyzus sokolowskii, submetido a diferentes densidades do hospedeiro traça-das-crucíferas (Plutella xylostella), em laboratório, casa telada e campo. Em laboratório e campo, O. sokolowskii foi exposto às densidades de 2, 4, 8 e 16 lagartas. Em laboratório, empregaram-se recipientes de 300 mL e, em campo, plantas de couve foram confinadas em gaiolas de organza (30x50 cm). Em casa telada, foram utilizadas microparcelas compostas por seis plantas de repolho infestadas com 25, 50, 85 ou 100 lagartas. O número de lagartas parasitadas aumentou de acordo com a densidade do hospedeiro e variou de 1,7 a 10,4, em laboratório, e de 0,61 a 7,0, em campo. Em casa telada, a maior taxa de parasitismo foi observada nas microparcelas com densidades mais elevadas do hospedeiro. O tempo de exposição aos parasitoides proporcionou maior taxa de parasitismo após 72 horas (24 horas, 52,4% e 72 horas, 80,7%) independentemente da densidade. Oomyzus sokolowskii responde positivamente ao incremento na densidade de P. xylostella, embora a taxa de parasitismo permaneça constante independentemente da disponibilidade do hospedeiro.Item The density of females of Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare and LaSalle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) affects their reproductive performance on pupae of Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)(Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 2010-06) Zanuncio, José C.; Pereira, Fabricio F.; Serrão, José E.; Zanuncio, Teresinha V.; Pratissoli, Dirceu; Pastori, Patrik L.Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare and LaSalle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is a gregarious and polyphagous parasitoid mainly of Lepidoptera pupae. The objective of this paper as to study the developent of parasitoid on Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) pupae exposed to one, nine, 18, 27, 36, 45 or 54 female P. elaeisis, respectively. The females of the parasitoid remained in contact with pupae for 24 hours in glass tubes (14.0 x 2.2 cm), packed in a climatic chamber regulated at 25 ± 2°C, 70 ± 10% relative humidity and photo phase of 12 hours. With the exception of density 1:1 (72.72%), in other densities parasitism was 100%. Adults of P. elaeisis did not emerge from pupae at densities of 1:1 and 9:1, but 100.0% of parasitoid emergence was observed at the density of 45:1 and 54.54% at 54:1. The duration of the life cycle of this parasitoid ranged from 20 to 28 days. P. elaeisis produced 49 to 589 descendants per pupa of B. mori. The sex ratio of P. elaeisis ranged from 0.93 ± 0.01 to 0.97 ± 0.01 without differences with 18, 27, 36, 45 and 54 females/host. This parasitoid should be reared with the density of 45 females per pupa of B. mori.Item Ovary development, egg production and oviposition for mated and virgin females of the predator Podisus nigrispinus (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)(Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy, 2011-10) Soares, Marcus Alvarenga; Batista, Joana Darc; Zanuncio, José Cola; Lino- Neto, José; Serrão, José EduardoThe Asopinae insects are generalist predators, and Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) is the most studied species of this group in Brazil. The objective was to study ovarian development, egg production and oviposition of mated and virgin P. nigrispinus females. Five 24-hours-old females were dissected and the ovaries were analyzed. Fifteen females of this predator were mated (T1), and another fifteen were individualized without mating (T2). The ovaries of five females per treatment were dissected and mature and immature eggs were counted. Five virgin females of P. nigrispinus at twenty days old were also analyzed. Twenty-four-hours-old P. nigrispinus females had low ovary development without the evidence of oocyte production. The females of the T1 had completely developed ovaries, with 22.67 ± 7.26 mature eggs and 31.33 ± 1.33 oocytes in the maturation process. Ovaries of females of T2 had a lower quantity of eggs in the early maturation stage (15 ± 1.73). Females of T2 that were dissected at day 20 had 28.33 ± 2.31 and 15 ± 1.96 mature and immature eggs, respectively. Podisus nigrispinus females begin oogenesis and egg maturation soon after their emergence but mating is important to maintain egg production and oviposition.Item Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) are Compatible with Cotesia flavipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)(Florida Entomologist, 2014-12) Zanuncio, José Cola; Barbosa, Rogério Hidalgo; Rossoni, Camila; Kassab, Samir Oliveira; Loureiro, Elisângela de Souza; Pereira, Fabricio Fagundes; Costa, Daniele PerassaThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of commercially available bioinsecticides based on Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin and Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) ® ® ® Vuillemin, i.e., Biometha WP Plus (M. anisopliae), Biovéria G (B bassiana), Boverril WP ® ® (B. bassiana), Metarril WP (M. anisopliae), and Metiê WP (M. anisopliae) on the pupae and adults of Cotesia flavipes (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) at concentrations of 1 9 9 9 −1 × 10 , 5 × 10 , and 10 × 10 conidia mL . This braconid is released to control the sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis. In the completely randomized first experiment with each commercial product, 10 C. flavipes female adults were held individually in disposable cups, 2 which contained a 9-cm sugarcane leaf that had been treated with the one of the entomopathogenic fungal products. The mortality of C. flavipes females was assessed at 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h after treatment. In the second experiment, the same treatments were applied to C. flavipes pupae, because the latter can be exposed when the fungal products are applied to sugarcane to control various pests. In the second experiment we assessed the emergence of adults from treated pupae, the capacity of these adults to parasitize Diatraea saccharalis caterpillars, numbers of progeny of these C. flavipes, longevity of C. flavipes males and females, total adults emerged, and the percent emergence and longevity of males and females of the F1 generation. The mortality levels of C. flavipes pupae and adults were not affected by the 2 Entomopathogenic fungi. Therefore the use of Beauveria bassiana and M. anisopliae to protect sugarcane is compatible with the use of C. flavipes to suppress D. saccharalis.Item Parasitism and emergence of Tetrastichus howardi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) larvae, pupae and adults(Florida Entomologist, 2015) Pereira, Fabricio Fagundes; Kassab, Samir Oliveira; Calado, Vanessa Rodrigues Ferreira; Vargas, Elizangela Leite; Oliveira, Harley Nonato de; Zanuncio, José ColaTetrastichus howardiOlliff (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) parasitizes the larvae, pupae and adults ofDiatraea saccharalis, and therefore seems to be a suitable candidate for the biological control ofD. saccharalisin commercial sugarcane in Brazil and other industries where this stem borer is an important pest. The aim of our study was to analyze the biological characteristics of this natural enemy on sugarcane borer. The research was conducted in the Laboratory of Entomology/Biological Control (LECOBIOL) at the “Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias” of the “Universidade da Grande Dourados (UFGD)” in Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. Ten of each of the following life stages: 24-h old egg masses, fifth instar larvae, pupae and adults ofD. saccharaliswere isolated and exposed to parasitism by sevenT. howardiparasitoids females. Parasitism rates byT. howardiof the adult, fifth instar larva and pupal stages ofD. saccharaliswere 2%, 56% to 68%, respectively. Emergence rates of 14%, 100% and 100% were recorded for adult, fifth instar larvae, and adults, respectively. The duration of each life cycle (egg to adult) ofT. howardion the pupae, fifth instar larvae and adults ofD. saccharaliswere 20 ± 0.03, 27.00 ± 0.01, 33 ± 0.00 days, respectively. Fecundity and the female-based sex ratio ofT. howardiwere greatest in the pupae ofD. saccharalis, at 70.44 ± 5.22 and 0.85 ± 0.41, respectively. Parasitism and the emergence ofT. howardifrom the fifth instar larvae, pupae and adults ofD. saccharalisrevealed the ability of this natural enemy to establish itself in culture, even in the absence of host pupae.Item Reproduction of Tetrastichus howardi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) pupae at different temperatures(Florida Entomologist, 2015) Favero, Kellen; Pereira, Fabricio Fagundes; Torres, Jorge Braz; Oliveira, Harley Nonato de; Kassab, Samir Oliveira; Zanuncio, José ColaTemperature is a major abiotic factor affecting insects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the development of Tetrastichus howardi (Olliff) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on Diatraea saccharalis F., sensu Guenée (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) pupae at 6 constant temperatures (16, 19, 22, 25, 28, and 31 °C). This parasitoid developed at all temperatures with the shortest development time and lowest survival at 31 °C. Tetrastichus howardi females oviposited immediately after making contact with the host pupae. Parasitoids that were kept at 25 °C had the greatest fecundity, and those kept at 16°C had the greatest longevity. The greatest net reproductive rate (R0) occurred at 25 °C, and the intrinsic rates of increase (rm) at 25, 28, and 31°C were similar but significantly greater than at the lower temperatures. The generation time (T) of T. howardi was significantly the longest at 16 °C, which resulted in the slowest development and greatest female longevity. The fecundity of Tetrastichus howardi was greater in the 19 to 28 °C temperature range than at 16 °C and at 31 °C. These results are important for the multiplication of T. howardi in the laboratory, and for understanding its potential for the biological control of D. saccharalis.Item Effects of duration of cold storage of host eggs on percent parasitism and adult emergence of each of Ten Trichogrammatidae (Hymenoptera) species(Florida Entomologist, 2014-03) Spínola- Filho, Paulo Roberto de Carvalho; Leite, Germano Leão Demolin; Soares, Marcus Alvarenga; Alvarenga, Anarelly Costa; Paulo, Paula Daiana de; Tuffi- Santos, Leonardo David; Zanuncio, José ColaImproving parasitoid mass rearing techniques is important to reduce costs of biological control programs and supply natural enemies at times of high demand. The objective of this study was to evaluate the suitability of Anagasta kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) eggs stored at 5 °C for different time periods as a host for Trichogrammatoidea annulata (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) and for 9 Trichogramma species (T. acacioi, T. atopovirilia, T. benneti, T. brasiliensis, T. bruni, T. demoraesi, T. galloi, T. pretiosum, and T. soaresi). The experiment had a factorial design with 10 parasitoid species, 9 host storage periods (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 days, and a no storage control) and 20 replications, each consisting of one card (0.4 × 2.0 cm) with 40.70 ± 0.03 eggs of A. kuehniella. Trichogrammatoidea annulata, T. acacioi, T. brasiliensis, T. bruni, T. pretiosum, and T. soaresi parasitized eggs of A. kuehniella stored up to 24 days; T. atopovirilia parasitized eggs stored up to 16 days. Trichogramma demoraesi and T. benneti parasitized eggs stored for 15 days and T. galloi parasitized eggs stored for up to 13 days. The percentage of parasitized eggs decreased when the storage period increased. Among the tested parasitoids T. acacioi parasitized eggs stored for longer periods and showed the highest percentage both of parasitism and adult emergence.Item Biological characteristics of Trichospilus diatraeae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) are influenced by the number of females exposed per pupa of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)(Florida Entomologist, 2013-06) Favero, Kellen; Pereira, Fabricio Fagundes; Kassab, Samir Oliveira; Oliveira, Harley Nonato de; Costa, Daniele Perassa; Zanuncio, José ColaDifferent numbers of parasitoid females confined with a host can variously affect the number, sex ratio and other characteristics of the parasitoid's progeny. The objective of this study was to elucidate the effects of various ratios of Trichospilus diatraeae Cherian & Margabandhu (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) females to pupae of one its hosts, Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), primarily on the number of this parasitoid's progeny and their sex ratio. Both the parasitoid and the host used in this study were taken from cultures reared in the laboratory by standard methods. In order to minimize the effects of variations in host weight, 24 h-old T. molitor pupae weighing between 0.110 and 0.140 g were held as a single individuals in glass tubes (2.5 cm Ø × 14 cm L) with 48 h-old T. diatraeae females for 72 h to allow parasitization. After this period, female wasps were removed and the host pupa were transferred, one per glass tube, to a climate-controlled room at 25 ± 2 °C, 70 ± 10% RH and 12:12 h L:D. The experimental design was completely randomized with six treatments (parasitoid-host ratios) and 12 replicates per treatment. The ratios of T. diatraeae females per host used were: 1:1, 7:1, 14:1, 21:1, 28:1 and 32:1. The percentage parasitism of T. diatraeae on T. molitor pupae was 33.33, 82.00 and 83.33% at ratios of 1:1, 7:1 and 14:1, respectively, and 100% at all other ratios. The emergence of T. diatraeae adults from parasitized pupae was 75% at a parasitoid-host ratio of 1:1 and 100% at ratios of 21:1, 28:1 and 32:1. The duration of the parasitoid's life cycle ranged from 21.00 ± 2.22 to 24.00 ± 2.00 days at parasitoid-host ratios of 32:1 and 1:1, respectively. The number of T. diatraeae progeny per T. molitor pupa was highest at a ratio of 21:1 (246.50 ± 50.18). The proportion of T. diatraeae females in the offspring decreased as the parasitoid-host ratio increased, varying between 0.82 ± 0.06 and 0.97 ± 0.01. A parasitoid-host ratio of 21:1 T. diatraeae females per T. molitor pupa is considered the most adequate and appropriate for mass-rearing of this parasitoid. Tenebrio molitor appears to be a suitable alternate host for efficient mass-rearing of T. diatraeae for biological control of lepidopteran pests. At the parasitoid-host ratio of 21:1, each T. molitor pupa supported the production of 246.5 parsitoids of which 88% were females, i.e., 216.9 females and 29.6 males; each T. diatraeae female produced 9.55 ± 0.48 female progeny, and the developmental time from egg to adult was 20.4 days.Item Plantas hospedeiras de Thyrinteina arnobia (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) afetam o desenvolvimento do parasitoide Palmistichus elaeisis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)(Revista Árvore, 2014-11-19) Camilo, Silma da Silva; Soares, Marcus Alvarenga; Zanuncio, José Cola; Leite, Germano Leão Demolin; Pires, Evaldo Martins; Cruz, Maria do Céu Monteiro daO objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência do parasitismo e a biologia da prole do parasitoide Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare e La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) em pupas de Thyrinteina arnobia Stoll (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) quando criadas em plantas de Psidium guajava ou Eucalyptus cloeziana. Ovos de T. arnobia foram coletados e colocados em sacos de tecido tipo organza envolvendo galhos de plantas de P. guajava (T1) e E. cloeziana (T2) até as lagartas alcançarem a fase de pupa. Trinta pupas de cada tratamento foram individualizadas em tubos de vidro e expostas ao parasitismo por quatro fêmeas de P. elaeisis por 24 h. Avaliaram-se a emergência da progênie do parasitoide por pupa; a porcentagem de parasitismo, pupas mortas e de adultos de T. arnobia emergidos; a duração do ciclo de vida (ovo-adulto);a longevidade; a razão sexual; e o tamanho da cápsula cefálica e do corpo do parasitoide. A porcentagem de parasitismo, a emergência de P. elaeisis por pupa, a longevidade das fêmeas e o tamanho da cápsula cefálica e do corpo dos machos do parasitoide foram menores quando seu hospedeiro foi criado em plantas de eucalipto. Isso pode ter ocorrido devido à grande quantidade de compostos do metabolismo secundário presentes nesta planta, que podem ser acumulados no corpo do herbívoro ao se alimentar, afetando negativamente o inimigo natural. Palmistichus elaeisis mostrou-se mais adaptado à mirtácea nativa da América P. guajava.