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Item Food extraction by the males of Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) from cotton leafworm larvae(Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 2010-09) Pereira, Alexandre Igor de Azevedo; Ramalho, Francisco de Sousa; Rodrigues, Karjoene Cassimiro Vilar; Malaquias, José Bruno; Souza, Jefferson Virgínio da Silva; Zanuncio, José ColaIn this work, the effect of different densities (1, 3, 5, 7 and 9) of 3rd instar Alabama argillacea (Huebner) larvae on food consumption by Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) males was evaluated. The densities established were converted to weight of prey offered: 13.4 mg (one larva), 33.3 mg (three larvae), 54.3 mg (five larvae), 81.8 mg (seven larvae), and 110.34 mg (nine larvae). The quantity of food consumed by P. nigrispinus increased with the prey density. The density of preys did not affect the time spent by the predator to ingest the food. The quantity of food extracted per minute was always higher in smaller densities and lower in higher densities. Males mean body weight did not differ statistically between the treatments tested, and weight gain was smaller in the first two densities tested. Relative consumption rates increased with the quantity of larvae offered. P. nigrispinus males might change its predatory behavior as a function of the quantity of prey available.Item Quality control of Trichogramma atopovirilia and Trichogramma pretiosum (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae) adults reared under laboratory conditions(Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 2012-03) Zanuncio, José Cola; Soares, Marcus Alvarenga; Leite, Germano Leão Demolin; Sá, Veríssimo Gibran Mendes de; Ferreira, Cleidson Soares; Rocha, Silma Leite; Pires, Evaldo Martins; Serrão, José EduardoThe objective of this work was to assess the flight capacity, parasitism and emergence of Trichogramma atopoviriliaand two strains of T. pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) (L1 and L2). The flight capacity of these species was assessed in test units consisting of a plastic PVC cylinder with a rigid transparent plastic circle on the upper part and an extruded polystyrene disk closing its bottom. A tube was placed in each test unit containing a card with 300 Anagasta kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) eggs parasitised by Trichogramma. These cards were assessed to determine the parasitism rate and adult emergence of these natural enemies. T. atopovirilia and T. pretiosum L1 presented adequate flight capacity and parasitism, in addition to high percentages of adults emerged.Item Ovary development, egg production and oviposition for mated and virgin females of the predator Podisus nigrispinus (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)(Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy, 2011-10) Soares, Marcus Alvarenga; Batista, Joana Darc; Zanuncio, José Cola; Lino- Neto, José; Serrão, José EduardoThe Asopinae insects are generalist predators, and Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) is the most studied species of this group in Brazil. The objective was to study ovarian development, egg production and oviposition of mated and virgin P. nigrispinus females. Five 24-hours-old females were dissected and the ovaries were analyzed. Fifteen females of this predator were mated (T1), and another fifteen were individualized without mating (T2). The ovaries of five females per treatment were dissected and mature and immature eggs were counted. Five virgin females of P. nigrispinus at twenty days old were also analyzed. Twenty-four-hours-old P. nigrispinus females had low ovary development without the evidence of oocyte production. The females of the T1 had completely developed ovaries, with 22.67 ± 7.26 mature eggs and 31.33 ± 1.33 oocytes in the maturation process. Ovaries of females of T2 had a lower quantity of eggs in the early maturation stage (15 ± 1.73). Females of T2 that were dissected at day 20 had 28.33 ± 2.31 and 15 ± 1.96 mature and immature eggs, respectively. Podisus nigrispinus females begin oogenesis and egg maturation soon after their emergence but mating is important to maintain egg production and oviposition.Item Seasonal damage caused by herbivorous insects on Caryocar brasiliense (Caryocaraceae) trees in the Brazilian savanna(Revista Colombiana de Entomología, 2018-01) Veloso, Ronnie Von Dos Santos; Zanuncio, José Cola; Ferreira, Paulo Sergio Fiúza; Serrão, José Eduardo; Ramalho, Francisco de Souza; Almeida, Chrystian Iezid Maia; Leite, Germano Leão DemolinCaryocar brasiliense (Caryocaraceae) trees have a wide distribution in the Brazilian savanna. This plant is protected by federal laws and is untouched in deforested areas of the Brazilian savanna. This situation increases the damage to leaves, flowers, and fruits from chewing insects. We studied populations of herbivorous Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and Hymenoptera and their natural enemies on C. brasiliense trees for three successive years during each season in the Brazilian savanna. Phytophagous insects were most abundant at the beginning of winter and with more species and diversity in the summer. Natural enemies were most abundant in the spring and in the winter and with highest species and diversity at end of the winter. Fruits bored by Carmenta sp. (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) and Naupactus sp.3 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on the leaves were highest in the summer. Fruits scraped by Naupactus sp.l and sp.2 were more numerous in the spring and summer, percentage of defoliation in the autumn. Apoptus sp. (Coleoptera: Elateridae) on the leaves in the spring, and leaf miners (Lepidoptera) in the winter. In the case of natural enemies, Crematogaster sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) were most abundant on the leaves and in the flowers in the winter and spring, and on the fruits in the spring when new leaves and flowers are formed. The number of Zelus armillatus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), Holopothrips sp. (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae), and the complex of spiders were greater on the leaves in the winter; and Trybonia sp. (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) was most abundant on the leaves in the autumnItem Insecticidal activity of Vanillosmopsis arborea essential oil and of its major constituent α- bisabolol against Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)(Scientific Reports, 2019) Moura, Eridiane da Silva; Faroni, Lêda Rita D’ Antonino; Zanuncio, José Cola; Heleno, Fernanda Fernandes; Prates, Lucas Henrique FigueiredoVigna unguiculata, one of the most important legumes, mainly in underdeveloped countries, is susceptible to post-harvest losses in storage by Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius, 1775) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). The work evaluated the toxicity, inhibition of oviposition, instantaneous rate of population growth (ri) and the development of fumigated C. maculatus with the essential oil of Vanillosmopsis arborea and its major constituent, α-bisabolol. The experimental units consisted of 0.8 L flasks treated with concentrations of 1.2–11.2 μL L−1of air of the essential oil of V. arborea or its major constituent applied to disks of filter paper. α-Bisabolol was quantified as 409.33 mL L−1 of the essential oil. The development rate of C. maculatus was evaluated by daily adult counts. Oviposition was evaluated at lethal concentrations (LC50, LC25, LC10 and LC1). The LC50 and LC95 of the essential oil of V. arborea and α-bisabolol were 5.23 and 12.97 μL L−1 of air and 2.47 and 8.82 μL L−1 of air, respectively. At some concentrations, the α-bisabolol was more toxic to males than to females of the insect. Increased concentrations of the essential oil reduced the ri, rate of development, oviposition, and number of eggs of C. maculatus and therefore have potential for pest control.Item Emergence of palmistichus elaeisis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from pupae of thagona tibialis (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) Collected in the medicinal plant Terminalia catappa (Combretaceae)(Entomological News, 2012-05) Tavares, Wagner de Souza; Zanuncio, Teresinha Vinha; Hansson, Christer; Serrão, José Eduardo; Zanuncio, José ColaThe biological control of pests is an alternative to chemical control in plant crops used in folk medicine. The bark and the roots of tropical almond Terminalia catappa L. (Combretaceae) are indicated for dysentery, bile and gastric fevers and intestinal parasites; the leaves are used to treat colic and hemorrhoids; the unripe fruit is an astringent, the ripe fruit is a laxative, and its oil is used as an emulsifier for soothing the chest. Palmistichus spp. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), gregarious endoparasitoids, were little known until the publication of the first revision of this group in 1993. Fifty-four individuals of Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare and LaSalle, 1993 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) were collected after emerging from a pupa of Thagona tibialis Walker, 1855 (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) when their caterpillars defoliated a tree of T. catappa at the campus of the Federal University of Viçosa (UFV) in Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The parasitoid individuals were identified by the Department of Biology of the Lund University in Sölvegatan, Lund, Sweden. The present study includes a new host, pupae of T. tibialis associated to T. catappa, for P. elaeisis in Brazil.Item Thermal requirements and generation estimates of Trichospilus diatraeae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in sugarcane producing regions of Brazil(Florida Entomologist, 2013-03) Zanuncio, José Cola; Oliveira, Harley Nonato de; Rodrigues, Maria Adriana Torqueti; Pereira, Fabricio Fagundes; Kassab, Samir Oliveira; Pastori, Patrik Luiz; Glaeser, Daniele FabianaKnowledge of the thermal requirements of Trichospilus diatraeae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is important if it is to be used successfully in to control Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in sugarcane plantations. In the current study, the development of T. diatraeae was investigated in the pupae of D. saccharalis incubated at different temperatures. Seven T. diatraeae females were placed with host pupae for 24 h in tubes within chambers at 16, 19, 22, 25, 28 and 31 °C with 70 ± 10% RH and 14:10 h L:D. The life cycle duration of T. diatraeae decreased as the temperature increased, although no development was recorded at 31 °C. The number of T. diatraeae progeny per female ranged from 264.8 ± 40.7 (at 16 °C) to 385.1 ± 36.3 (at 25 °C), but no significant difference were recorded among temperature treatments (P > 0.05). The base temperature (T b ) and thermal constant (K) of T. diatraeae were 9.37 °C and 257.60 degree-days, respectively. The estimated average numbers of generations per year of T. diatraeae in pupae of D. saccharalis were 18.5, 19.93 and 17.73 for Dourados, Ivinhema and Ponta Porã municipalities of Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brasil, respectively.Item Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) are Compatible with Cotesia flavipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)(Florida Entomologist, 2014-12) Zanuncio, José Cola; Barbosa, Rogério Hidalgo; Rossoni, Camila; Kassab, Samir Oliveira; Loureiro, Elisângela de Souza; Pereira, Fabricio Fagundes; Costa, Daniele PerassaThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of commercially available bioinsecticides based on Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin and Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) ® ® ® Vuillemin, i.e., Biometha WP Plus (M. anisopliae), Biovéria G (B bassiana), Boverril WP ® ® (B. bassiana), Metarril WP (M. anisopliae), and Metiê WP (M. anisopliae) on the pupae and adults of Cotesia flavipes (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) at concentrations of 1 9 9 9 −1 × 10 , 5 × 10 , and 10 × 10 conidia mL . This braconid is released to control the sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis. In the completely randomized first experiment with each commercial product, 10 C. flavipes female adults were held individually in disposable cups, 2 which contained a 9-cm sugarcane leaf that had been treated with the one of the entomopathogenic fungal products. The mortality of C. flavipes females was assessed at 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h after treatment. In the second experiment, the same treatments were applied to C. flavipes pupae, because the latter can be exposed when the fungal products are applied to sugarcane to control various pests. In the second experiment we assessed the emergence of adults from treated pupae, the capacity of these adults to parasitize Diatraea saccharalis caterpillars, numbers of progeny of these C. flavipes, longevity of C. flavipes males and females, total adults emerged, and the percent emergence and longevity of males and females of the F1 generation. The mortality levels of C. flavipes pupae and adults were not affected by the 2 Entomopathogenic fungi. Therefore the use of Beauveria bassiana and M. anisopliae to protect sugarcane is compatible with the use of C. flavipes to suppress D. saccharalis.Item Combinations of Metarhizium anisopliae with chemical insecticides and their effectiveness in Mahanarva fimbriolata (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) control on sugarcane(Florida Entomologist, 2014-03) Zanuncio, José Cola; Costa, Daniele Perassa; Kassab, Samir Oliveira; Loureiro, Elisângela de Souza; Rossoni, Camila; Pereira, Fabricio Fagundes; Barbosa, Rogério HidalgoSome insecticides can be used jointly with entomopathogenic fungi, and therefore the combi- nation of chemical and biological control measures can be a safe and effective method to con- trol insect pests. The aim of this study was to evaluate the costs and efficacy of combinations of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) with thiameth- oxam and imidacloprid on spittlebug (Mahanarva fimbriolata (Stål); Hemiptera: Cercopidae) control on sugarcane. The experiment was conducted as a randomized block design (RBD) with 10 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments included a control (untreated), thia- −1 −1 12 −1 methoxam (250 g ha ), imidacloprid (700 g ha ), M. anisopliae (M. a.) (3 × 10 conidia ha ), A1 (3 × 10 12 M. a. conidia ha −1 + 65 g ha −1 of thiamethoxam), A2 (3 × 10 12 M. a. conidia ha −1 + 125 g ha −1 of thiamethoxam), A3 (3 × 10 12 M. a. conidia ha −1 + 187.5 g ha −1 of thiamethoxam), A4 (3 × 10 12 M. a. conidia ha −1 + 175 g ha −1 of imidacloprid), A5 (3 × 10 12 M. a. conidia ha −1 + 350 g ha −1 of imidacloprid), and A6 (3 × 10 12 M. a. conidia ha −1 + 525g ha −1 of imidacloprid). The reductions in the numbers of M. fimbriolata nymphs per treatment compared to the control were similar at 15 DAT (days after treatment) in all treatments except combination A5 (M. anisopliae and thiamethoxam). At 30 DAT, the numbers of nymphs were significantly reduced in all treatments except A3, and their effectiveness ranged from 14.28% to 92.85%. At 45 DAT the numbers of M. fimbriolata nymphs per treatment were significantly reduced in the following treatments: imidacloprid alone at 700g ha -1 , A1, A2, A3, A4 and A6; and the combinations A1 and A2 caused the lowest M. fimbriolata nymph infestations and effectiveness rates of 77.41 and 87.09 %, respectively. At 75 DAT the 2 best control efficacies occurred in treatments A1 (3 × 10 12 M. a. conidia ha -1 of + 65g ha -1 of thiamethoxam) (82.1%) and A5 (78.6%) (3 × 10 12 M. a. conidia ha −1 + 350 g ha −1 of imidacloprid). At 90 DAT the number of nymphs in the control had increased 2.8 fold over the number at 75 DAT. Very good control efficacies at 90 DAT occurred in all treatments with the combination of the fungus with an insecticide. At 105 DAT the numbers of nymphs had surged in all treatments, and no treatment provided effective control. The treatments with the highest earnings per hectare were A1 (3 × 10 12 M. a. conidia ha -1 + 65 g thiamethoxam) and M. anisopliae alone at the recommended dose of 3 × 10 12 M. a. conidia ha -1 . Our findings demonstrate the effectiveness of using either thiamethoxam or imidacloprid in combination with M. anisopliae to control M. fimbriolata nymphs on sugarcane, but greater net earnings per hectare occurred with the lowest rate of the thiamethoxam combination than with any of the imidacloprid combinations.Item Parasitism and emergence of Tetrastichus howardi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) larvae, pupae and adults(Florida Entomologist, 2015) Pereira, Fabricio Fagundes; Kassab, Samir Oliveira; Calado, Vanessa Rodrigues Ferreira; Vargas, Elizangela Leite; Oliveira, Harley Nonato de; Zanuncio, José ColaTetrastichus howardiOlliff (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) parasitizes the larvae, pupae and adults ofDiatraea saccharalis, and therefore seems to be a suitable candidate for the biological control ofD. saccharalisin commercial sugarcane in Brazil and other industries where this stem borer is an important pest. The aim of our study was to analyze the biological characteristics of this natural enemy on sugarcane borer. The research was conducted in the Laboratory of Entomology/Biological Control (LECOBIOL) at the “Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias” of the “Universidade da Grande Dourados (UFGD)” in Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. Ten of each of the following life stages: 24-h old egg masses, fifth instar larvae, pupae and adults ofD. saccharaliswere isolated and exposed to parasitism by sevenT. howardiparasitoids females. Parasitism rates byT. howardiof the adult, fifth instar larva and pupal stages ofD. saccharaliswere 2%, 56% to 68%, respectively. Emergence rates of 14%, 100% and 100% were recorded for adult, fifth instar larvae, and adults, respectively. The duration of each life cycle (egg to adult) ofT. howardion the pupae, fifth instar larvae and adults ofD. saccharaliswere 20 ± 0.03, 27.00 ± 0.01, 33 ± 0.00 days, respectively. Fecundity and the female-based sex ratio ofT. howardiwere greatest in the pupae ofD. saccharalis, at 70.44 ± 5.22 and 0.85 ± 0.41, respectively. Parasitism and the emergence ofT. howardifrom the fifth instar larvae, pupae and adults ofD. saccharalisrevealed the ability of this natural enemy to establish itself in culture, even in the absence of host pupae.
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