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Item Capacidade de parasitismo de Trichogramma exiguum Pinto & Platner, 1978 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) em ovos de Plutella xylostella (L., 1758) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) em diferentes temperaturas(Ciência Rural, 2007-03) Pereira, Fabricio Fagundes; Vianna, Ulysses Rodrigues; Zanuncio, José Cola; Barros, Reginaldo; Pratissoli, Dirceu; Pereira, Cácia Leila TigreEstudou-se a capacidade de parasitismo de Trichogramma exiguum Pinto & Platner, 1978 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) em ovos de Plutella xylostella (L., 1758) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) nas temperaturas de 18, 20, 22, 25, 28, 30 e 32°C, avaliando-se o número de ovos parasitados diariamente, a porcentagem acumulada de parasitismo, o número total de ovos parasitados por fêmea e a longevidade de fêmeas. O ritmo de parasitismo, durante as primeiras 24 horas, oscilou de 1,5 a 11,7 ovos parasitados por fêmeas de T. exiguum, nas temperaturas entre 18 e 32°C. O parasitismo acumulado de ovos de P. xylostella, nas temperaturas de 18, 20, 22, 25, 28, 30 e 32°C, atingiu 80%, respectivamente, aos 10, 7, 8, 5, 5, 4 e 5 dias, por T. exiguum. As maiores taxas de parasitismo obtidas por T. exiguum ocorreram nas faixas térmicas de 25, 30 e 32°C. A longevidade de fêmeas de T. exiguum, nas faixas térmicas compreendidas entre 18 e 32°C, variou de 4,2 a 7,4 dias.Item Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) are Compatible with Cotesia flavipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)(Florida Entomologist, 2014-12) Zanuncio, José Cola; Barbosa, Rogério Hidalgo; Rossoni, Camila; Kassab, Samir Oliveira; Loureiro, Elisângela de Souza; Pereira, Fabricio Fagundes; Costa, Daniele PerassaThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of commercially available bioinsecticides based on Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin and Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) ® ® ® Vuillemin, i.e., Biometha WP Plus (M. anisopliae), Biovéria G (B bassiana), Boverril WP ® ® (B. bassiana), Metarril WP (M. anisopliae), and Metiê WP (M. anisopliae) on the pupae and adults of Cotesia flavipes (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) at concentrations of 1 9 9 9 −1 × 10 , 5 × 10 , and 10 × 10 conidia mL . This braconid is released to control the sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis. In the completely randomized first experiment with each commercial product, 10 C. flavipes female adults were held individually in disposable cups, 2 which contained a 9-cm sugarcane leaf that had been treated with the one of the entomopathogenic fungal products. The mortality of C. flavipes females was assessed at 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h after treatment. In the second experiment, the same treatments were applied to C. flavipes pupae, because the latter can be exposed when the fungal products are applied to sugarcane to control various pests. In the second experiment we assessed the emergence of adults from treated pupae, the capacity of these adults to parasitize Diatraea saccharalis caterpillars, numbers of progeny of these C. flavipes, longevity of C. flavipes males and females, total adults emerged, and the percent emergence and longevity of males and females of the F1 generation. The mortality levels of C. flavipes pupae and adults were not affected by the 2 Entomopathogenic fungi. Therefore the use of Beauveria bassiana and M. anisopliae to protect sugarcane is compatible with the use of C. flavipes to suppress D. saccharalis.Item Parasitism and emergence of Tetrastichus howardi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) larvae, pupae and adults(Florida Entomologist, 2015) Pereira, Fabricio Fagundes; Kassab, Samir Oliveira; Calado, Vanessa Rodrigues Ferreira; Vargas, Elizangela Leite; Oliveira, Harley Nonato de; Zanuncio, José ColaTetrastichus howardiOlliff (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) parasitizes the larvae, pupae and adults ofDiatraea saccharalis, and therefore seems to be a suitable candidate for the biological control ofD. saccharalisin commercial sugarcane in Brazil and other industries where this stem borer is an important pest. The aim of our study was to analyze the biological characteristics of this natural enemy on sugarcane borer. The research was conducted in the Laboratory of Entomology/Biological Control (LECOBIOL) at the “Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias” of the “Universidade da Grande Dourados (UFGD)” in Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. Ten of each of the following life stages: 24-h old egg masses, fifth instar larvae, pupae and adults ofD. saccharaliswere isolated and exposed to parasitism by sevenT. howardiparasitoids females. Parasitism rates byT. howardiof the adult, fifth instar larva and pupal stages ofD. saccharaliswere 2%, 56% to 68%, respectively. Emergence rates of 14%, 100% and 100% were recorded for adult, fifth instar larvae, and adults, respectively. The duration of each life cycle (egg to adult) ofT. howardion the pupae, fifth instar larvae and adults ofD. saccharaliswere 20 ± 0.03, 27.00 ± 0.01, 33 ± 0.00 days, respectively. Fecundity and the female-based sex ratio ofT. howardiwere greatest in the pupae ofD. saccharalis, at 70.44 ± 5.22 and 0.85 ± 0.41, respectively. Parasitism and the emergence ofT. howardifrom the fifth instar larvae, pupae and adults ofD. saccharalisrevealed the ability of this natural enemy to establish itself in culture, even in the absence of host pupae.Item Reproduction of Tetrastichus howardi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) pupae at different temperatures(Florida Entomologist, 2015) Favero, Kellen; Pereira, Fabricio Fagundes; Torres, Jorge Braz; Oliveira, Harley Nonato de; Kassab, Samir Oliveira; Zanuncio, José ColaTemperature is a major abiotic factor affecting insects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the development of Tetrastichus howardi (Olliff) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on Diatraea saccharalis F., sensu Guenée (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) pupae at 6 constant temperatures (16, 19, 22, 25, 28, and 31 °C). This parasitoid developed at all temperatures with the shortest development time and lowest survival at 31 °C. Tetrastichus howardi females oviposited immediately after making contact with the host pupae. Parasitoids that were kept at 25 °C had the greatest fecundity, and those kept at 16°C had the greatest longevity. The greatest net reproductive rate (R0) occurred at 25 °C, and the intrinsic rates of increase (rm) at 25, 28, and 31°C were similar but significantly greater than at the lower temperatures. The generation time (T) of T. howardi was significantly the longest at 16 °C, which resulted in the slowest development and greatest female longevity. The fecundity of Tetrastichus howardi was greater in the 19 to 28 °C temperature range than at 16 °C and at 31 °C. These results are important for the multiplication of T. howardi in the laboratory, and for understanding its potential for the biological control of D. saccharalis.Item Biological characteristics of Trichospilus diatraeae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) are influenced by the number of females exposed per pupa of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)(Florida Entomologist, 2013-06) Favero, Kellen; Pereira, Fabricio Fagundes; Kassab, Samir Oliveira; Oliveira, Harley Nonato de; Costa, Daniele Perassa; Zanuncio, José ColaDifferent numbers of parasitoid females confined with a host can variously affect the number, sex ratio and other characteristics of the parasitoid's progeny. The objective of this study was to elucidate the effects of various ratios of Trichospilus diatraeae Cherian & Margabandhu (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) females to pupae of one its hosts, Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), primarily on the number of this parasitoid's progeny and their sex ratio. Both the parasitoid and the host used in this study were taken from cultures reared in the laboratory by standard methods. In order to minimize the effects of variations in host weight, 24 h-old T. molitor pupae weighing between 0.110 and 0.140 g were held as a single individuals in glass tubes (2.5 cm Ø × 14 cm L) with 48 h-old T. diatraeae females for 72 h to allow parasitization. After this period, female wasps were removed and the host pupa were transferred, one per glass tube, to a climate-controlled room at 25 ± 2 °C, 70 ± 10% RH and 12:12 h L:D. The experimental design was completely randomized with six treatments (parasitoid-host ratios) and 12 replicates per treatment. The ratios of T. diatraeae females per host used were: 1:1, 7:1, 14:1, 21:1, 28:1 and 32:1. The percentage parasitism of T. diatraeae on T. molitor pupae was 33.33, 82.00 and 83.33% at ratios of 1:1, 7:1 and 14:1, respectively, and 100% at all other ratios. The emergence of T. diatraeae adults from parasitized pupae was 75% at a parasitoid-host ratio of 1:1 and 100% at ratios of 21:1, 28:1 and 32:1. The duration of the parasitoid's life cycle ranged from 21.00 ± 2.22 to 24.00 ± 2.00 days at parasitoid-host ratios of 32:1 and 1:1, respectively. The number of T. diatraeae progeny per T. molitor pupa was highest at a ratio of 21:1 (246.50 ± 50.18). The proportion of T. diatraeae females in the offspring decreased as the parasitoid-host ratio increased, varying between 0.82 ± 0.06 and 0.97 ± 0.01. A parasitoid-host ratio of 21:1 T. diatraeae females per T. molitor pupa is considered the most adequate and appropriate for mass-rearing of this parasitoid. Tenebrio molitor appears to be a suitable alternate host for efficient mass-rearing of T. diatraeae for biological control of lepidopteran pests. At the parasitoid-host ratio of 21:1, each T. molitor pupa supported the production of 246.5 parsitoids of which 88% were females, i.e., 216.9 females and 29.6 males; each T. diatraeae female produced 9.55 ± 0.48 female progeny, and the developmental time from egg to adult was 20.4 days.