Artigos
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/11796
Navegar
94 resultados
Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Genetic divergence between passion fruit hybrids and reciprocals based on seedling emergence and vigor(Journal of Seed Science, 2017-10) Rosado, Renato Domiciano Silva; Rosado, Luciana Domiciano Silva; Santos, Carlos Eduardo Magalhães dos; Dias, Denise Cunha Fernandes dos Santos; Cruz, Cosme Damião; Cremasco, João Paulo GavaCharacteristics related to seed quality have been rarely used in studies on the genetic diversity of passion fruit. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity between progenies constituted by hybrids and reciprocals, based on seed emergence and vigor traits. On the 28th day, emergence percentage, emergence speed index, shoot length, root length and total length of seedling; dry weight, number of normal seedlings and 100-seed weight were evaluated in a completely randomized design experiment with 20 progenies (hybrids and reciprocals) and four replications (50 seeds). Genetic diversity was determined using the Tocher optimization clustering methods and the unweighted pair group method, based on the Mahalanobis distance, as well as evaluating the relative contribution of the traits to genetic divergence and the correlation network, according to the relations between groups of quality, length and mass variables. The most contributing variable to genetic divergence was the total length of seedlings, the reciprocal effect did not present a consistent pattern in the studied hybrid combinations.Item Proposta para estimar curva carga-recalque e capacidade de carga em estacas de madeira(Ambiente Construído, 2014-01) Regazzi, Adair José; Segundinho, Pedro Gutemberg de Alcântara; Miná, Alexandre José Soares; Dias, Antonio Alves; Carreira, Marcelo RodrigoEste trabalho teve como objetivo propor um método para estimar a curva carga-recalque e a capacidade de carga de estacas de madeira a partir do ajuste de equações de regressão não lineares utilizando o método de Gauss Newton modificado. Para isso, foram utilizados dados experimentais obtidos para 12 estacas de madeira, curvas carga-recalque durante a cravação e capacidade de carga determinada no ensaio de carregamento dinâmico, utilizando modelo teórico. Nesta pesquisa, realizada de forma pioneira no Brasil, fez-se a análise do comportamento de estacas de madeira imersas no solo durante a cravação delas. As médias do erro percentual absoluto médio foram 4,0% e 29,3%, obtidas a partir das equações não lineares ajustadas via método de Gauss Newton modificado e proposto por Van Der Veen respectivamente. Concluiu-se que as equações ajustadas via método de Gauss Newton modificado conduziram a uma maior exatidão nas estimativas, apresentando boa concordância com os dados experimentais obtidos nos ensaios de carregamento dinâmico, indicando sua utilização para estimar a curva carga-recalque e a capacidade de carga em estacas de madeira.Item Incorporating different proportions of exotic maize germplasm into two adapted populations(Genetics and Molecular Biology, 2000-06) Peternelli, Luiz Alexandre; Santos, Manoel Xavier dos; Pollak, Linda Maria; Pacheco, Cleso Antônio Patto; Guimarães, Paulo Evaristo Oliveira; Parentoni, Sidney Netto; Nass, Luciano LourençoMaize breeders frequently wish to use exotic germplasm in their breeding programs without losing specific characteristics of their adapted material. The objective of this study was to determine the optimal proportions of exotic germplasm to incorporate into adapted populations (F2 = 50% exotic, BC1 = 25% exotic, BC2 = 12.5% exotic and BC3 = 6.25% exotic) to form the initial foundation population and to determine the heterosis between adapted x exotics. We used six exotic populations of different origins and two adapted populations representing a Brazilian heterotic pattern. In 1993-94 and 1994-95, the parents, F1, F2, BC1, BC2, BC3 and four checks were evaluated in six environments in central Brazil using an 8 x 9 simple rectangular lattice design. Higher mean values for yield were obtained as the proportion of exotic germplasm decreased. Some backcrosses produced more than the adapted populations BR 105 (7.59 ton/ha) and BR 106 (8.43 ton/ha). The best results were obtained when incorporating 6.25 or 12.5% of exotic genes. This trend was true for root lodging, stalk lodging and ear diseases but not for plant and ear height. The midparent heterosis for yield varied from -16.1 to 40.3%. Midparent heterosis with positive and negative values were also found for the other traits. The results indicate the potential of exotic germplasm for developing good hybrids. After choosing the best exotic source, some recurrent selection might be appropriate in order to adapt and improve the exotic populations.Item Artificial neural networks and linear discriminant analysis in early selection among sugarcane families(Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, 2017-10) Peternelli, Luiz Alexandre; Moreira, Édimo Fernando Alves; Nascimento, Moysés; Cruz, Cosme DamiãoOne of the major challenges in sugarcane breeding programs is an efficient selection of genotypes in the initial phase. The purpose of this study was to compare modelling by artificial neural networks (ANN) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) as alternatives for the selection of promising sugarcane families based on the indirect traits number of sugarcane stalks (NS), stalk diameter (SD) and stalk height (SH). The analysis focused on two models, a full one with all predictors, and a reduced one, from which the variable SH was excluded. To compare and assess the applied methods, the apparent error rate (AER) and true positive rate (TPR) were used, derived from the confusion matrix. Modeling with ANN and LDA can be used successfully for selection among sugarcane families. The reduced model may be preferable, for having a low AER, high TPR and being easier to obtain in operational terms.Item Produção de mudas de essências florestais em diferentes substratos e acompanhamento do desenvolvimento em campo(Ciência e Agrotecnologia, 2008-01) Martins Filho, Sebastião; Oliveira, Rone Batista de; Lima, Julião Soares de Souza; Souza, Carlos Alberto Martinelli de; Silva, Samuel de AssisObjetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar o efeito de substratos com diferentes características físicas e químicas na formação de mudas e o desenvolvimento no campo das espécies Cedrela fissilis Vell. (cedro rosa), Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden (eucalipto), Acacia holocericea A. Cunn. ex G. Don (acácia) e Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (aroeirinha), produzidas em tubetes de 55 cm3. Os substratos no viveiro foram constituídos de diversas combinações dos seguintes materiais: húmus de minhoca, esterco bovino curtido, esterco de galinha, turfa, casca de amendoim processada, casca de arroz carbonizada e palha de café. Na primeira etapa foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC). Foram avaliadas as variáveis morfológicas das mudas e suas relações. O delineamento estatístico no campo foi em blocos, em parcelas subdivididas e as covas foram preenchidas com dois diferentes tipos de adubações - esterco bovino e esterco bovino + condicionador de solo. Nessa etapa, foram avaliadas as variáveis altura e diâmetro das plantas. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e ao teste de média (Newman-Keuls 5%). Conforme os resultados obtidos na etapa de viveiro, os substratos que podem ser recomendados para produção de mudas das espécies estudadas foram os à base de Húmus de minhoca, casca de amendoim processada e turfa. Na etapa de campo, a adubação com esterco bovino + condicionador de solo proporcionou maiores valores das variáveis em todas as espécies, com exceção da altura das plantas para a acácia.Item Genetic divergence between passion fruit hybrids and reciprocals based on seedling emergence and vigor(Journal of Seed Science, 2017-10) Rosado, Renato Domiciano Silva; Rosado, Luciana Domiciano Silva; Santos, Carlos Eduardo Magalhães dos; Dias, Denise Cunha Fernandes dos Santos; Cruz, Cosme Damião; Cremasco, João Paulo GavaCharacteristics related to seed quality have been rarely used in studies on the genetic diversity of passion fruit. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity between progenies constituted by hybrids and reciprocals, based on seed emergence and vigor traits. On the 28th day, emergence percentage, emergence speed index, shoot length, root length and total length of seedling; dry weight, number of normal seedlings and 100-seed weight were evaluated in a completely randomized design experiment with 20 progenies (hybrids and reciprocals) and four replications (50 seeds). Genetic diversity was determined using the Tocher optimization clustering methods and the unweighted pair group method, based on the Mahalanobis distance, as well as evaluating the relative contribution of the traits to genetic divergence and the correlation network, according to the relations between groups of quality, length and mass variables. The most contributing variable to genetic divergence was the total length of seedlings, the reciprocal effect did not present a consistent pattern in the studied hybrid combinations.Item Avaliação genética de indivíduos e progênies de cupuaçuzeiro no estado do Pará e estimativas de parâmetros genéticos(Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, 2008-09) Resende, Marcos Deon Vilela de; Alves, Rafael MoysésO presente trabalho relata a avaliação genotípica de progênies de cupuaçuzeiro, no Estado do Pará, para os caracteres número de frutos (NF) em quatro safras, intensidade de ocorrência de vassoura- de-bruxa na inflorescência (VBI) e nos frutos (VBF), e peso de vassoura-de-bruxa (PVB). Apresenta também estimativas de parâmetros genéticos que permitem inferir sobre o controle genético e nível de variabilidade genética presente no material avaliado. Todos os caracteres apresentaram considerável variabilidade genética, com coeficientes de variação genética variando de 27% a 88% no âmbito de progênie e de 38% a 123% no âmbito individual. Isto revela excelentes possibilidades para a seleção nessa população experimental híbrida. As estimativas de herdabilidade individual no sentido restrito, em uma safra, variaram de 25% a 54%, e as repetibilidades individuais para NF equivaleram a 35%. Com as quatro safras realizadas, a herdabilidade em nível individual aumentou para 48%, propiciando acurácia seletiva de 70%, para a seleção de indivíduos. O ganho em eficiência, quando se usa mais de cinco safras, é praticamente desprezível. Para NF, ganhos acima de 60% podem ser obtidos com a seleção dos cinco melhores indivíduos. Poderão ser selecionados indivíduos com produção anual de 17 frutos, valor muito superior à média geral de 10 frutos, encontrada nos plantios comerciais. Verificam-se ganhos genéticos bastante superiores quando se faz a propagação clonal dos melhores indivíduos em relação ao que se verifica quando se realiza a propagação sexuada. Para o melhor indivíduo, o ganho genético aumenta de 75.5% para 88.3%, ou seja, de 17 para quase 19 frutos por planta. Isto revela um grande potencial para a clonagem comercial de cupuaçuzeiro. Para os caracteres VBI e VBF, verificaram-se altas herdabilidades individuais no sentido restrito com valores variando entre 30% e 54%. Isto revela o excelente potencial da seleção recorrente para melhorar, gradativamente, o nível de resistência. Parece suficiente considerar na seleção apenas o número de vassouras, não sendo necessário considerar o peso. A correlação entre resistência no fruto e na inflorescência foi alta (0.84), indicando algum controle genético comum aos dois caracteres. Foram identificadas progênies superiores, simultaneamente, para produção de frutos e resistência à vassoura.Item New insights into genomic selection through population-based non-parametric prediction methods(Scientia Agricola, 2019-07) Lima, Leísa Pires; Azevedo, Camila Ferreira; Resende, Marcos Deon Vilela de; Silva, Fabyano Fonseca e; Suela, Matheus Massariol; Nascimento, Moysés; Viana, José Marcelo SorianoGenome-wide selection (GWS) is based on a large number of markers widely distributed throughout the genome. Genome-wide selection provides for the estimation of the effect of each molecular marker on the phenotype, thereby allowing for the capture of all genes affecting the quantitative traits of interest. The main statistical tools applied to GWS are based on random regression or dimensionality reduction methods. In this study a new non-parametric method, called Delta-p was proposed, which was then compared to the Genomic Best Linear Unbiased Predictor (G-BLUP) method. Furthermore, a new selection index combining the genetic values obtained by the G-BLUP and Delta-p, named Delta-p/G-BLUP methods, was proposed. The efficiency of the proposed methods was evaluated through both simulation and real studies. The simulated data consisted of eight scenarios comprising a combination of two levels of heritability, two genetic architectures and two dominance status (absence and complete dominance). Each scenario was simulated ten times. All methods were applied to a real dataset of Asian rice (Oryza sativa) aiming to increase the efficiency of a current breeding program. The methods were compared as regards accuracy of prediction (simulation data) or predictive ability (real dataset), bias and recovery of the true genomic heritability. The results indicated that the proposed Delta-p/G-BLUP index outperformed the other methods in both prediction accuracy and predictive ability.Item Triple categorical regression for genomic selection: application to cassava breeding(Scientia Agricola, 2019-09) Lima, Leísa Pires; Azevedo, Camila Ferreira; Resende, Marcos Deon Vilela de; Silva, Fabyano Fonseca e; Viana, José Marcelo Soriano; Oliveira, Eder Jorge deGenome-wide selection (GWS) is currently a technique of great importance in plant breeding, since it improves efficiency of genetic evaluations by increasing genetic gains. The process is based on genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) obtained through phenotypic and dense marker genomic information. In this context, GEBVs of N individuals are calculated through appropriate models, which estimate the effect of each marker on phenotypes, allowing the early identification of genetically superior individuals. However, GWS leads to statistical challenges, due to high dimensionality and multicollinearity problems. These challenges require the use of statistical methods to approach the regularization of the estimation process. Therefore, we aimed to propose a method denominated as triple categorical regression (TCR) and compare it with the genomic best linear unbiased predictor (G-BLUP) and Bayesian least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (BLASSO) methods that have been widely applied to GWS. The methods were evaluated in simulated populations considering four different scenarios. Additionally, a modification of the G-BLUP method was proposed based on the TCR-estimated (TCR/G-BLUP) results. All methods were applied to real data of cassava (Manihot esculenta) with to increase efficiency of a current breeding program. The methods were compared through independent validation and efficiency measures, such as prediction accuracy, bias, and recovered genomic heritability. The TCR method was suitable to estimate variance components and heritability, and the TCR/G-BLUP method provided efficient GEBV predictions. Thus, the proposed methods provide new insights for GWS.Item Importance of agronomic traits in the individual selection process of sugarcane as determined using logistic regression(Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy, 2016-07) Brasileiro, Bruno Portela; Peternelli, Luiz Alexandre; Silveira, Luís Cláudio Inácio da; Barbosa, Márcio Henrique PereiraThe aim of this study was to evaluate the importance of agronomic traits during the selection of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.), as well as to evaluate the potential for using logistic regression and decision trees to identify the best genotypes. A total of 7,719 seedlings of 128 half-sib families were evaluated during the first test phase (T1), and 659 clones were selected for the second (T2). Logistic regression was applied to both populations. The number of stalks, bud prominence and length of the internode were the most important selection traits in the T1 population. The plant vigor, stalk diameter and stalk height were the most important selection traits in the T2 population. There were 174 individuals selected when using the mass selection method in T1 and 113 individuals in T2, whereas a logistic regression selected 153 individuals in T1 and 79 in T2. The apparent error rates of the logistic models fitted to the selections in T1 and T2 were 0.8 and 5.10%, respectively. By using a decision tree, 67 clones were selected among the most productive ones in phase T2. Therefore, the formulation of decision trees is highly applicable to identifying potential clones during the initial phases of breeding programs.