Fitopatologia - Artigos
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/11741
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Item Cotton resistance to ramulose and variability of Colletotrichum gossypii f. sp. cephalosporioides(Summa Phytopathologica, 2006-01) Nascimento, Jefferson Fernandes do; Zambolim, Laércio; Vale, Francisco Xavier Ribeiro do; Berger, Paulo Geraldo; Cecon, Paulo RobertoFour cultivars and 21 lines of cotton were evaluated for resistance to ramulose (Colletotrichum gossypii f. sp. cephalosporioides) in a field where the disease is endemic. The seeds of each genotype were planted in 5 x 5 m plots with three replications. The lines CNPA 94-101 and 'CNPA Precoce 2'were used as standard susceptible and resistant references, respectively. The disease incidence (DI) was calculated from the proportion of diseased plants in the plot. The disease index (DIn) was calculated from the disease severity using a 1 to 9 scale, and was evaluated at weekly intervals starting 107 days after emergence. The data collected was used to calculate the area under disease progress curve (AUDPC). In general, the DIn increased linearly with time and varied from 20.0 to 57.1 and AUDPC from 567 to 1627 among the genotypes which could be clustered in to two distinct groups. The susceptible group contained two cultivars and nine lines and the resistant group contained one cultivar and 12 lines. The relationship between disease index and evaluation times was linear for the 25 genotypes tested. The line CNPA 94-101, used as susceptible standard, was the most susceptible with an average DI = 83.4, DIn = 57.1 and AUDPC = 1627.7. The line CNPA 96-08 with DI = 37.8, DIn = 20.0 and AUDPC = 567.7 was the most resistant one. Among the commercial cultivars 'IAC 22' was the most susceptible and 'CNPA Precoce 2', used as resistant standard was the most resistant. The variability in virulence of the pathogen was studied by spray inoculating nine genotypes with conidial suspensions (105/mL) of either of the 10 isolates. The disease severity was evaluated 30 days later using a scale of 1 to 5. The virulence of the isolate was expressed by DIn. All the isolates were highly virulent but their virulence avaried for several genotypes and could be clustered in two distinct groups of less and more virulent isolates. The isolate MTRM 14 from Mato Grosso was the least virulent while Minas Gerais was the most virulent, with DIn of 6.36 and 46.47, respectively. In this experiment the line HR 102 and the cultivar 'Antares' were the most resistant ones with DIns of 18.32 and 19.14, respectively.Item Estimation of phenotypic diversity in field populations of Magnaporthe grisea from two upland rice cultivars(Fitopatologia Brasileira, 2007-01) Silva, Gisele B.; Zambolim, Laércio; Prabhu, Anne S.; Araújo, Leila G.; Zimmermann, Francisco J. P.The phenotypic diversity of Magnaporthe grisea was evaluated based on leaf samples with blast lesions collected from eight commercial fields of the upland rice cultivars 'BRS Primavera' and 'BRS Bonança', during the growing seasons of 2001/2002 and 2002/2003, in Goias State. The number of M. grisea isolates from each field utilized for virulence testing varied from 28 to 47. Three different indices were used based on reaction type in the eight standard international differentials and eight Brazilian differentials. The M. grisea subpopulations of ´Primavera' and 'Bonança', as measured by Simpson, Shannon and Gleason indices, showed similar phenotypic diversities. The Simpson index was more sensitive relation than those of Shannon and Gleason for pathotype number and standard deviation utilizing Brazilian differentials. However, the Gleason index was sensitive to standard deviation for international differentials. The sample size did not significantly influence the diversity index. The two sets of differential cultivars used in this study distinguished phenotypic diversity in different ways in all of the eight subpopulations analyzed. The phenotypic diversity determined based on eight differential Brazilian cultivars was lower in commercial rice fields of 'Primavera' than in the fields of 'Bonança,' independent of the diversity index utilized, year and location. Considering the Brazilian differentials, the four subpopulations of 'BRS Primavera' did not show evenness in distribution and only one pathotype dominated in the populations. The even distribution of pathotype was observed in three subpopulations of 'BRS Bonança'. The pathotype diversity of M. grisea was determined with more precision using Brazilian differentials and Simpson index.Item Genetic and phenotypic diversity of Magnaporthe oryzae from leaves and panicles of rice in commercial fields in the State of Goiás, Brazil(Tropical Plant Pathology, 2009-03) Silva, Gisele Barata; Prabhu, Anne S.; Filippi, Marta C. C.; Trindade, Maria G.; Araújo, Leila G.; Zambolim, LaércioGenetic and phenotypic structure of Magnaporthe oryzae populations of two upland rice cultivars was determined. Monoconidial isolates were obtained from rice blast affected fields, four from cv. BRS Bonança and four from cv. Primavera, in Goias State (2001-2003). The pathotypes IB-41 and IB-9 were predominant in both leaf and panicle isolates of BRS Bonança and IF-1 in Primavera. A great majority of pathotypes were common to both leaf and panicle subpopulations of Bonança (42.8%) and Primavera (66.6%). The ANOVA of virulence data showed high variability within population of each cultivar. There was no significant difference in virulence pattern of isolates from leaves and panicles, independent of collection site and cultivar. The molecular characterization of isolates was done employing the rep-PCR analysis with two primer sequences from Pot2. The genetic analysis of 538 isolates showed a high genotypic diversity in both leaf and panicle pathogen populations with 103 haplotypes in Bonança and 49 in Primavera. The migration of pathotypes from leaves to panicles in each field was 70.8% and 36.6% for Primavera and BRS Bonança, respectively. The diversity of M. oryzae population was influenced by cultivar of origin. A great amount of population diversity was encountered within the same field.