Fitopatologia - Artigos
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/11741
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Item Desenvolvimento de Pasteuria penetrans em Meloidogyne spp. parasitando diferentes espécies vegetais(Fitopatologia Brasileira, 2003-05) Rodrigues, Adriana K.; Freitas, Leandro G.; Azevedo, Aristéa A.; Ferraz, SilamarA bactéria Pasteuria penetrans é um parasita obrigatório do nematóide das galhas (Meloidogyne spp.) e produz esporos que persistem por anos no solo. A sua produção por cultivo in vitro ainda é inviável e a produção de inoculo requer o seu cultivo in vivo em nematóides parasitando plantas em vasos. Neste trabalho, buscou-se, por meio do estudo histológico de raízes, averiguar diferenças no desenvolvimento de P. penetrans em Meloidogyne spp. parasitando raízes de tomateiro (Lycopersicon esculentum), maxixe (Cucumis anguria) e camapu (Physalis angulata), e possíveis razões para estas diferenças, como forma e tamanho de células gigantes e das fêmeas do nematóide. O maxixe foi o pior dentre os hospedeiros em teste para a produção de inóculo e apresentou células gigantes anormais. A estrutura das células gigantes assim como o desenvolvimento da bactéria foram semelhantes no camapu e no tomateiro, entretanto o ciclo de vida de P. penetrans foi ligeiramente mais curto no tomateiro.Item Screening of Pochonia chlamydosporia brazilian isolates as biocontrol agents of Meloidogyne javanica(Crop Protection, 2012-12) Freitas, Leandro G.; Dallemole-Giaretta, Rosangela; Lopes, Everaldo A.; Pereira, Olinto L.; Zooca, Ronaldo J. F.; Ferraz, SilamarPochonia species can occur in many Meloidogyne-infested soils throughout the world. The objective of this work was to isolate Pochonia species from different Meloidogyne-infested soil locations in Brazil and to screen for potential isolates effective in controlling Meloidogyne javanica under glasshouse conditions. A total of 29 isolates were identified as Pochonia chlamydosporia. Among them, 65.52% were identified as P. chlamydosporia var. chlamydosporia and 34.48% as P. chlamydosporia var. catenulata. For the glasshouse experiments, fungal chlamydospores were incorporated into the soil (5000 g soil^−1) and one tomato seedling was transplanted in 300 mL pot. After one week, each plant was inoculated with 1000 eggs of M. javanica. The isolates 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 10, 21, 24, 28 (from Brazil) and 64 (from Spain) were the most efficient in reducing the number of eggs of the nematode. These isolates were re-evaluated in another glasshouse experiment, this time the number of eggs was increased (3000), inoculating both eggs and chlamydospores at the same time. After one week of inoculation, a tomato seedling was transplanted in each pot. In this experiment, isolates 64 and 10 were the most efficient in reducing the number of eggs by 72% and 60%, respectively.Item Effect of time between soil infestation with Pochonia chlamidosporia and planting on the efficacy of the fungus in managing Meloidogyne javanica(Crop Protection, 2016-12) Podestá, Guilherme S.; Amora, Deisy X.; Maffia, Luiz A.; Nasu, Érica G. C.; Ferraz, Silamar; Freitas, Leandro G.The fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia acts on populations of the root-knot nematode by parasitizing their eggs before they hatch, preventing the release of juveniles. In this study, the effect of the time at which the fungus is applied to soil infested with the nematode, before transplanting tomato and lettuce seedlings, was evaluated. The reduction of symptoms and the nematode population in the host plant was also evaluated, as well as the fluctuation of the fungus population during the studied period. The seedlings were transplanted at 0, 5, 10, 15 or 20 days after incorporation of the inocula of the fungus and the nematode into the soil. The population of P. chlamydosporia, without the presence of plants, increased and reached its maximum 10 days after its incorporation into the soil. At the end of the experiments, the number of colony forming units (CFU) of the fungus in the soil remained high enough to act on the next cycle of crops. For both cultures, the greatest effect on reducing the number of galls and eggs of Meloidogyne javanica was obtained by increasing the contact time of the fungus with the nematode in the soil before transplanting seedlings. In the second run, for both cultures, there was an increase in shoot weight with increasing of incubation time before the transplantation of seedlings.Item Efeito de rizobacterias na adesão de endósporos de Pasteuria penetrans em juvenis do segundo estádio de Meloidogyne javanica(Revista Ceres, 2002-07) Freitas, Leandro G.; Alves, Fábio R.; Costa, Mauro J. N.; Ferraz, Silamarprimeira etapa no parasitismo de Meloidogyne spp. por Pasteuria penetrans é a adesão dos endbsgarvs dessa bacteria cuticula tips nemat6ides, que podgy ser aumentada por fatores biológicos ou fIsicos. Suspens6es de P. penetrans foram concentradas por centrifugação, ressuspendidas e incubadas por cinco dial a 27°C em suspensao aquosacontendo, separadaranente, doffs isolados de ri obactdrias (ALT–'7 e MI--E) antagonistas a M. javanica. Após a incubação, 200 J2 de M. javanica em 1 mL de aqua foram adicionados par tube e centrifugados a 400 G (1.500 rpm), por 20 minutos, pare fazer o contato entre enddsparas e nematbides. ALT7 e MI-+6 diminufram a adesao de enddsporos, quandocomparados água, em 91,5 e 51,6%a (P y 0,05), respectivamente. Elsa redu ao poke ser 4evido a compostos liberados durante o crescimento da rizobacteria no mein, as quaffs podem degrader ou alterar as substãncias responsáveis pelo reconhecimento dos end6sporos pela cuticula dos nematoides.Item Nematode root herbivory in tomato increases leaf defenses and reduces leaf miner oviposition and performance(Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2017-01-13) Arce, Carla C. M.; Machado, Ricardo A. R.; Ribas, Natália S.; Cristaldo, Paulo F.; Ataíde, Lívia M. S.; Pallini, Ângelo; Carmo, Flávia M.; Freitas, Leandro G.; Lima, EraldoThe outcome of plant-mediated interactions among herbivores from several feeding guilds has been studied intensively. However, our understanding on the effects of nematode root herbivory on leaf miner oviposition behavior and performance remain limited. In this study, we evaluated whether Meloidogyne incognita root herbivory affects Tuta absoluta oviposition preference on Solanum lycopersicum plants and the development of the resulting offspring. To investigate the M. incognita-herbivory induced plant systemic responses that might explain the observed biological effects, we measured photosynthetic rates, leaf trypsin protease inhibitor activities, and analyzed the profile of volatiles emitted by the leaves of root-infested and non-infested plants. We found that T. absoluta females avoided laying eggs on the leaves of root-infested plants, and that root infestation negatively affected the pupation process of T. absoluta. These effects were accompanied by a strong suppression of leaf volatile emissions, a decrease in photosynthetic rates, and an increase in the activity of leaf trypsin protease inhibitors. Our study reveals that root attack by nematodes can shape leaf physiology, and thereby increases plant resistance.Item Pochonia chlamydosporia var. chlamydosporia (Goddard) Zare & W. Gams for the management of lettuce infected with Meloidogyne javanica (Treub, 1885)(Chilean journal of agricultural research, 2014-12-22) Viggiano, José R.; Freitas, Leandro G.; Lopes, Everaldo A.The application of the nematophagous fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia var. chlamydosporia (Goddard) Zare & W. Gams during seedling production of vegetable crops can be an efficient approach to control root-knot nematode. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of treating seedlings and/or soil with bionematicide (wettable powder formulation) based on chlamydospores from isolate Pc-10 on the Meloidogyne javanica (Treub, 1885) control in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Isolate Pc-10 was diluted in water and applied when watering the seedlings (0, 4.5, 9.0, 13.5, and 18.0 g L -1 ) and/or to the potted soil (5000 chlamydospores g -1 ) used for growing lettuce. The soil in each pot was infested with 3000 M. javanica eggs. The number of M. javanica eggs was reduced in lettuce roots when isolate Pc-10 was applied either to seedlings or soil; there was no interaction between application methods. The decrease in the number of eggs was proportional to the increase of isolate Pc-10 applied to seedlings with maximum reduction of 43.5% at the 18 g L -1 dose. When the fungus was applied to the soil, the number of eggs was reduced by 12.3%. Increasing doses of isolate Pc-10 reduced the number of galls up to 21% with the 18 g L -1 dose. Applying bionematicide based on P. chlamydosporia isolate Pc-10 at 18 g L -1 on seedlings controls M. javanica in lettuce.