Veterinária
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Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Avaliação in vitro do fungo predador de nematoides Duddingtonia flagrans sobre larvas infectantes de ciatostomíneos de equinos ( Nematoda: Cyathostominae)(Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária, 2009-12) Braga, Fabio R.; Araújo, Jackson V.; Araujo, Juliana M.; Silva, André R.; Carvalho, Rogério O.; Campos, Artur K.A capacidade predatória de um isolado de fungo predador de nematoides Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001) sobre larvas infectantes de ciatostomíneos foi avaliada em condições laboratoriais em ensaio experimental em meio ágar-água 2% (AA 2%). Houve redução significativa (p < 0,01) de 93,64% na média de larvas infectantes de ciatostomíneos recuperadas do meio AA2%, ao final de sete dias. Os resultados desse ensaio evidenciam que o isolado fúngico AC001 poderia ser utilizado no controle biológico de ciatostomíneos de equinos.Item A molecular phylogenetic study of the caecal fluke of poultry, Postharmostomum commutatum (= P. gallinum) (Trematoda: Brachylaimidae)(Parasitology Research, 2018-12) Valadão, Marisa C; Silva, Beatriz C. M.; López-Hernández, Danimar; Araújo, Jackson V.; Locke, Sean A.; Pinto, Hudson A.,Postharmostomum commutatum (Dietz, 1858), a parasite of the caeca of poultry, has been reported from many different parts of the world. Despite its importance, there are no molecular sequences available and its phylogenetic position is unknown in relation to other members of Brachylaimoidea, a group in which taxonomic confusion reigns. Here, morphological and molecular techniques were used to study digeneans from the caeca of free-range chickens found naturally infected in the municipality of Viçosa, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, between August 2017 and May 2018. The specimens were identified as P. commutatum, with Postharmostomum gallinum Witenberg, 1923 herein considered a junior synonym. Sequences obtained for the 28S, ITS2, and cox-1 genes were compared with sequences available from other species of Brachylaimoidea. Phylogenetic analysis of the three markers indicates P. commutatum formed an isolated lineage from other brachylaimoids, supporting the distinct status of the genus. The topology of phylogenetic trees obtained suggests that the morphology-based classification of families of Brachylaimoidea is artificial and new rearrangements of some genera or creation of new families may be necessary. The sequences newly obtained here will be useful for testing the cosmopolitan distribution of P. commutatum.Item Application of a formulation of the nematophagous fungus Duddingtonia flagrans in the control of cattle gastrointestinal nematodiosis(World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2007-09) Dias, Anderson S.; Araújo, Jackson V.; Campos, Artur K.; Braga, Fabio R.; Fonseca, Thiago A.The viability of a formulation of Duddingtonia flagrans was assessed in the control of parasite gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle. Two groups (A and B) of eight crossbred Holstein × Zebu cattle, approximately one year old, were placed in Brachiaria decumbens pasture. Each animal in group B (treated) received orally 20 g sodium alginate pellets containing mycelial mass of the D. flagrans fungus, while the animals in the group A (control) received pellets without fungus for seven months, starting in March 2005. The egg per gram of feces counting the gastrointestinal nematodes showed a difference (P < 0.05) in the treated group in June, July and August, with reductions of 58% (June), 47% (July) and 51% (August) compared to the control group. The infective larvae recovered in the pastures collected up to 20 cm from distance of the fecal dung in group B differed (P < 0.01) from the larvae recovered in group A. At the end of the experimental period, the animals in group B presented a greater weight gain (P < 0.01) compared to the untreated group (A). The treatment of cattle with pellets containing the D. flagrans nematophagous fungus, at the dose and duration used was effective in controlling the infective larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle.Item In vitro activity of a serine protease from Monacrosporium thaumasium fungus against first-stage larvae of Angiostrongylus vasorum(Parasitology Research, 2012-01-10) Braga, Fabio R.; Araújo, Jackson V.; Soares, Filippe E. F.; Lima, Walter dos Santos; Mozer, Lanuze R.; Queiróz, José H.A serine protease from the nematophagous fungus Monacrosporium thaumasium (NF34a) was purified, partially characterized and tested in vitro in control of the first larval stage of Angiostrongylus vasorum. NF34a grew in liquid culture medium, producing its crude extract that was purified by ion exchange chromatography. The fractions with high protease activity were collected in a pool, and elution of proteases was monitored by enzymatic assay and protein content. Purification steps were monitored by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Protease activity was determined under different pH and temperature conditions, and the inhibitor effects of metal ions and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) were assessed. In an experimental test, the infection process of NF34a on first-stage larvae of A. vasorum was investigated. A purified serine protease (Mt1) was identified, with an approximate molecular mass of 40 kDa and apparent homogeneity in SDS-PAGE, having optimal activity at pH 7.0 to 8.0 and temperature of 60°C. Mg2+ and Zn2+ partially inhibited the activity of Mt1 while PMSF inhibited it completely. Mt1 production was observed when NF34a was grown using first-stage larvae of A. vasorum as the only source of carbon and nitrogen. These results show that the enzyme may have a possible role in the infection process of the larvae. In the in vitro test of applicability against A. vasorum L1, we observed a reduction in the number of larvae of 23.9% (p < 0.05) in the group treated with Mt1 compared with the control group. However, even this low reduction demonstrates that the Mt1 is important in the infection process.Item Efficacy of Duddingtonia flagrans and Arthrobotrys robusta in controlling sheep parasitic gastroenteritis(Parasitology Research, 2010-05-17) Braga, Fabio R.; Araújo, Jackson V.; Silva, Bruna F.; Mauad, Juliana R. Carrijo; Campos, Artur K.; Amarante, Alessandro F. T.The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of formulations of sodium alginate matrix (pellets) of the nematode predatory fungi, Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001 isolate) and Arthrobotrys robusta (I-31 isolate), in the biological control of sheep gastrointestinal nematode infections. Thirty young Bergamacia ewes were allocated into three groups: In group 1 (control), the animals received 2 g/10 kg of live weight (l.w.) of pellets without fungus; in group 2, each animal received 2 g/10 kg of l.w. of pellets of D. flagrans (0.2 g of fungus/10 kg l.w.); and in group 3, each animal received 2 g/10 kg of l.w. of pellets of A. robusta (0.2 g of fungus/10 kg l.w.). The animals of each group were kept separately under rotational grazing. Pellets, with or without fungi, were mixed with 1 kg animal food and administered twice a week for 6 months. There was no significant difference in mean live weight and packed cell volume among groups (P > 0.05). Mean nematode fecal egg counts (FEC) did not significantly differ between the control and the remaining groups, except in one or two collections, when FEC was higher in the control group than in group 2 and group 3, respectively. The group that received A. robusta pellets needed less salvage anthelmintic treatments. Haemonchus contortus was the predominant species recovered from tracer lambs. The nematophagous fungi, D. flagrans and A. robusta, did not provide satisfactory results in the prophylaxis of parasitic gastroenteritis in sheep, under the conditions of the present study.Item Destruction of Anoplocephala perfoliata eggs by the nematophagous fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia(Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 2010-12) Silva, André R.; Araújo, Jackson V.; Braga, Fábio R.; Alves, Camila D. F.; Ribeiro Filho, José DantasThe in vitro effect of an isolate of the nematophagous fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia (VC1) on the eggs of Anoplocephala perfoliata was evaluated. The eggs were morphologically analyzed for their integrity using light microscopy (10× objectives), plated on 9.0-cm diameter petri dishes containing 2% WA culture medium with and without fungal isolate (control), grown for 10 days, and 10 replicates were prepared per group. In all, 1000 eggs of A perfoliata were plated on petri dishes containing 2% water agar culture medium with (VC1) and without the fungal isolate (control). After 3, 5, 7, and 10 days, approximately 100 eggs were removed from each plate and classified on the basis of the following parameters: without alteration; type 1, lytic effect without morphological damage to eggshell; type 2, lytic effect with morphological alteration of embryo and eggshell; and type 3, lytic effect with morphological alteration of embryo and eggshell, in addition to hyphal penetration and internal egg colonization and destruction. The P chlamydosporia fungus demonstrated ovicidal activity (P < .05) on the eggs of A perfoliata in the studied intervals presenting type 3 effects of 35%, 42.5%, 53.83%, and 71.17% for the intervals 3, 5, 7, and 10 days, respectively. P chlamydosporia is a potential biological control agent for the eggs of A perfoliata.Item Resistance of different fungal structures of Duddingtonia flagrans to the digestive process and predatory ability on larvae of Haemonchus contortus and Strongyloides papillosus in goat feces(Parasitology Research, 2009-10) Araújo, Jackson V.; Campos, Artur K.; Guimarães, Marcos P.; Dias, Anderson S.The dynamics of the passage of conidia, chlamydospores, and mycelia of the fungus Duddingtonia flagrans through the digestive tracts of goats was evaluated. Four groups with five goats each were formed. In the group conidia, each animal received 1 × 106 D. flagrans conidia per kilogram of live weight. In the group chlamydospore, each animal received 1 × 106 chlamydospores per kilogram of live weight. In the group mycelia, each animal received 1 g of mycelium mass per kilogram of live weight. In the control group, the animals received no fungal structure. Feces were obtained 3 h before and 12, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 60, 72, 84, and 96 h after the inoculation. The feces were placed in Petri dishes containing water-agar. The Petri dishes were examined to detect the fungus and trapped nematodes. A second trial evaluated the effect of the fungal structures on the number of gastrointestinal larvae of Haemonchus contortus and Strongyloides papillosus harvested from the fecal cultures of the goats. The feces were obtained from the goats in the 12–24, 24–30, 30–36, 42–48, 60–72, 72–84, and 84–96 intervals after the inoculation. D. flagrans survived the digestive process of the goats and maintained its predatory activity, being observed from 12 to 96 h before inoculation in the animals that received chlamydospores and conidia.Item Ovicidal activity of seven Pochonia chlamydosporia fungal isolates on Ascaris suum eggs(Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2010-11-19) Ferreira, Sebastião R.; Araújo, Jackson V.; Braga, Fabio R.; Araujo, Juliana M.; Carvalho, Rogério O.; Silva, André R.; Frassy, Luiza N.; Freitas, Leandro G.The ovicidal effect of the nematophagous fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia on eggs of Ascaris suum was tested under laboratory conditions. A. suum eggs were plated on 2% water–agar with seven fungal isolates (Isol. 5, Isol. 31, Isol. 1, VC1, Isol. 12, Isol. 22 and VC4) and control without fungus. After 5, 7, 10, 14, 15 and 21 days of incubation, approximately 100 eggs were removed from the plates and classified according to the following parameters: type 1, biochemical and physiological effect without morphological damage to the eggshell, type 2, lytic effect with morphological alteration of the eggshell and embryo and type 3, lytic effect with morphological alteration of eggshell and embryo showing hyphal penetration and internal egg colonization. The isolates effectively destroyed A. suum eggs and all types of effects were observed during the experiment. There was no variation in ovicidal capacity (type 3 effect) among the isolates (p > 0.05) throughout the experiment. After 21 days, isolate 5 showed the highest percentages of type 3 effect (58.33%). The results indicated that P. chlamydosporia (Isol. 5, Isol. 31, Isol. 1, VC1, Isol. 12, Isol. 22 and VC4) can destroy A. suum eggs and is, therefore, a potential biological control agent of nematodes.Item Biological control of sheep gastrointestinal nematodiasis in a tropical region of the southeast of Brazil with the nematode predatory fungi Duddingtonia flagrans and Monacrosporium thaumasium(Parasitology Research, 2009-09-16) Silva, Andre R.; Araújo, Jackson V.; Braga, Fabio R.; Frassy, Luiza N.; Tavela, Alexandre O.; Carvalho, Rogerio O.; Castejon, Fernanda V.Formulations in matrix of sodium alginate (pellets) of the nematode predatory fungi Duddingtonia flagrans and Monacrosporium thaumasium were evaluated in the biolog- ical control of sheep gastrointestinal nematodiasis. Three groups (1, 2, and 3), each one with eight sheep of the Santa Inês breed, at the ages of 15–48 months, were placed in paddocks of Brachiaria decumbens for 5 months. In group 1, each animal received 1 g/10 kg of live weight (l.w.) of pellets of D. flagrans (0.2 g of fungus/10 kg l.w.). In group 2, each animal received 1 g/10 kg of l.w. of pellets of the fungus M. thaumasium (0.2 g of fungus/10 kg l.w.), twice a week, for 5 months. In group 3 (control), the animals received 1 g/10 kg of live weight of pellets without fungus. The monthly averages of the egg countings per gram of feces of the animals of groups 1 and 2 treated were 71.6% and 61.1% smaller, respectively, in comparison to the animals of group 3 (control). The treatment of sheep with pellets containing the nematophagous fungi D. flagrans and M. thaumasium may be used as an alternative for the control of sheep gastrointestinal nematodiasis.Item In vitro predatory activity of the fungi Duddingtonia flagrans, Monacrosporium thaumasium, Monacrosporium sinense and Arthrobotrys robusta on Ancylostoma ceylanicum third-stage larvae(Veterinary Microbiology, 2010-05-03) Braga, Fabio R.; Silva, André R.; Carvalho, Rogério O.; Araújo, Jackson V.; Guimarães, Pedro Henrique G.; Fujiwara, Ricardo T.; Frassy, Luiza N.The potential role of companion animals as reservoirs for zoonotic diseases has been recognised as a significant public health problem worldwide. Ancylostoma ceylanicum is the only ancylostomatidae species known for infecting human beings. This article aimed to compare the predatory capacity of predatory fungi isolates Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001), Monacrosporium thaumasium (NF34), Monacrosporium sinense (SF53) and Arthrobotrys robusta (I31) on A. ceylanicum infectious larvae (L3) in a 2% water–agar plate. There was no predatory capacity variation among the fungi tested (P > 0.05) over the 7-day period experimental assay. When compared to the control (without fungi), there was a significant reduction (P < 0.05) of 95.6%, 85.1%, 87.4% and 90.2% on the A. ceylanicum L3 mean recovered from treatments with isolates AC001, NF34, SF53 and I31, respectively. Regarding linear regression coefficients, negative values were noted for treatments, therefore indicating A. ceylanicum non-predated larvae reduction over 7 days. In this work, all predatory fungi isolates were efficient at capturing and destroying in vitro the A. ceylanicum L3; therefore being able to be used as biological controllers of such nematode.