Navegando por Autor "Oliveira, José R."
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Item Etiology of bacterial leaf blight of eucalyptus in Brazil(Tropical Plant Pathology, 2008-05) Oliveira, José R.; Maffia, Luiz A.; Alfenas, Acelino C.; Gonçalves, Rivadalve C.; Lau, Douglas; Cascardo, Júlio C. M.Bacterial leaf blight of eucalyptus is initially characterized by water soaked, angular, amphigenous and interveinal lesions, concentrated along the main vein, at the edges or scattered on the leaf blade. As the disease progresses, the lesions become brown to pale, and when young leaves are infected leaf cut areas at the edges or perforations at the center of the lesions may appear due to abortion of the necrotic area. Eventually, necrosis may be found on petiole and twigs. Leaf fall commonly occurs on highly susceptible genotypes due to the early senescence of diseased leaves. Precise diagnosis is accomplished by bacterial exudation from leaf sections placed in a water drop under light microscope (200 x). Twenty-five bacterial isolates from Amapá (2), Bahia (4), Minas Gerais (2), São Paulo (9), Pará (3), Mato Grosso do Sul (1), and Rio Grande do Sul (4) States, which induced hypersensitive reaction (HR) in non-host plants and were pathogenic to eucalyptus, when inoculated by inoculum injection, were identified by biochemical assays, using carbon sources (MicroLogTM BIOLOG) and sequence analysis (16S rDNA). Ten isolates were identified as Xanthomonas axonopodis, four as X. campestris, four as Pseudomonas syringae, two as P. putida, two as P. cichorii, one as Erwinia sp., and two were similar to bacterial genera of Rhizobiaceae. When spray inoculated on intact plants of eucalyptus, only X. axonopodis, P. cichorii and isolates of the Rhizobiaceae family induced typical symptoms of the disease and were considered pathogenic. In Brazil, X. axonopodis seems to be the most widespread species causing the bacterial leaf blight of Eucalyptus spp.Item Etiology of bacterial leaf blight of eucalyptus in Brazil(Tropical Plant Pathology, 2008-05) Oliveira, José R.; Maffia, Luiz A.; Cascardo, Júlio C. M.; Alfenas, Acelino C.; Gonçalves, Rivadalve C.; Lau, DouglasBacterial leaf blight of eucalyptus is initially characterized by water soaked, angular, amphigenous and interveinal lesions, concentrated along the main vein, at the edges or scattered on the leaf blade. As the disease progresses, the lesions become brown to pale, and when young leaves are infected leaf cut areas at the edges or perforations at the center of the lesions may appear due to abortion of the necrotic area. Eventually, necrosis may be found on petiole and twigs. Leaf fall commonly occurs on highly susceptible genotypes due to the early senescence of diseased leaves. Precise diagnosis is accomplished by bacterial exudation from leaf sections placed in a water drop under light microscope (200 x). Twenty-five bacterial isolates from Amapá (2), Bahia (4), Minas Gerais (2), São Paulo (9), Pará (3), Mato Grosso do Sul (1), and Rio Grande do Sul (4) States, which induced hypersensitive reaction (HR) in non-host plants and were pathogenic to eucalyptus, when inoculated by inoculum injection, were identified by biochemical assays, using carbon sources (MicroLogTM BIOLOG) and sequence analysis (16S rDNA). Ten isolates were identified as Xanthomonas axonopodis, four as X. campestris, four as Pseudomonas syringae, two as P. putida, two as P. cichorii, one as Erwinia sp., and two were similar to bacterial genera of Rhizobiaceae. When spray inoculated on intact plants of eucalyptus, only X. axonopodis, P. cichorii and isolates of the Rhizobiaceae family induced typical symptoms of the disease and were considered pathogenic. In Brazil, X. axonopodis seems to be the most widespread species causing the bacterial leaf blight of Eucalyptus spp.Item Indutores de resistência no controle da pinta bacteriana do tomateiro e na atividade de enzimas de defesa(Tropical Plant Pathology, 2013-01) Resende, Renata S.; Rodrigues, Fabrício A.; Silveira, Patrícia R.; Rios, Jonas A.; Oliveira, José R.; Mariano, Rosa L. R.; Andrade, Camila C. L.Em três experimentos, avaliou-se o efeito de pulverizações de ácido jasmônico (AJ), etefon (ET) e acibenzolar-S-metil (Bion®) (ASM) a 0,1 mM, 0,5 mM e 0,3 g L-1, respectivamente, nos componentes de resistência do tomateiro (cv. Santa Clara) à pinta bacteriana, causada por Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato e na atividade de peroxidases (POX), polifenoloxidases (PFO), β-1,3-glucanases (GLU) e lipoxigenases (LOX). Apenas no experimento 3, o período de incubação aumentou significativamente em um dia nas plantas pulverizadas com ASM, em comparação com as plantas pulverizadas com água (controle). O número de lesões por planta foi significativamente reduzido por AJ, ET e ASM nos três experimentos. Para algumas épocas de avaliação, a atividade de POX, PFO e GLU foram maiores para o AJ; de PFO, GLU e LOX, para o ASM; e de GLU e LOX, para o ET em comparação com o controle. Conclui-se que na presença de AJ, ET e ASM, os sintomas da pinta bacteriana foram reduzidos e a atividade das enzimas POX, PFO, GLU e LOX foram maiores.Item Selective media for detection and quantification of Brazilian Ralstonia solanacearum isolates in soil(Horticultura Brasileira, 2017-01) Oliveira, José R.; Pontes, Nadson C; Fujinawa, Miriam F.The efficacy of five selective media described in the literature for the detection of Ralstonia solanacearum in soil was evaluated using isolates from different regions of Brazil. The selective media were evaluated regarding their sensitivity, target-pathogen repression index, capacity for suppressing contaminating microorganisms and recovery rate of the pathogen in soil. No bacterial growth was observed at the concentrations tested for FSM and SM-1 media. Some isolates grew on the PCCG medium with the addition of antimicrobial agents, but only at concentrations of 106 cfu/mL. For the SM and SMSA-E media, adequate sensitivity for the detection of R. solanacearum in soil was observed, enabling detection at a concentration of approximately 103 cfu/gram of soil. SMSA-E (Selective Medium South Africa - Elphinstone) was found to be the most effective in suppressing the growth of contaminating microorganisms, resulting in the lowest rate of repression of R. solanacearum and the highest recovery rate of the bacterium in the soil.Item Volume de aplicação e eficiência do controle químico da mancha bacteriana em tomateiro industrial(Horticultura Brasileira, 2017-07) Maffia, Luiz A.; Pontes, Nadson C.; Nascimento, Abadia R.; Golynski, Adelmo; Moita, Antonio W.; Oliveira, José R.; Quezado-Duval, Alice M.Foi avaliado o efeito do volume de aplicação de hidróxido de cobre (HC) e do acibenzolar-S-metil (ASM) no controle da mancha bacteriana em tomate para processamento industrial. Os ensaios foram realizados em 2010, sendo um em Brasília-DF (ensaio 1), e dois em Morrinhos-GO (ensaios 2 e 3). Os volumes empregados foram 250 e 500 L/ha e as aplicações realizadas semanalmente, totalizando 13 aplicações. No terceiro ensaio, o número de aplicações do ASM foi reduzido para oito e as aplicações restantes foram feitas com HC. Após as duas primeiras aplicações, as plantas foram inoculadas artificialmente com Xanthomonas perforans (ensaios 1 e 2) e X. gardneri (ensaio 3). Foram avaliadas, de acordo com o ensaio, a severidade da doença, a produtividade e a relação benefício/custo para cada tratamento, tendo por base o incremento de produção em relação à testemunha não tratada. Em todos os ensaios, o volume de aplicação afetou a eficiência dos produtos, com maior redução da doença com aplicação de 500 L/ha. O efeito dos tratamentos na produtividade foi variável. Com base nos resultados do terceiro ensaio, com a aplicação de ASM-HC no volume de 250 L/ha, obteve-se a maior relação benefício/custo, seguido pelo tratamento com HC a 500 L/ha.