Navegando por Autor "Jank, Liana"
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Item Among and within family selection and combined half-sib family selection in Panicum maximum Jacq.(Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 2008-12-02) Martuscello, Janaina Azevedo; Jank, Liana; Fonseca, Dilermando Miranda da; Cruz, Cosme Damião; Cunha, Daniel de Noronha Figueiredo Vieira daThe objective of this study was to select superior genotypes in half-sib populations obtained from crosses between sexual plants and apomictic accessions. The experiment also proposed to compare among and within family and combined selection strategies. Ten plots of sexual plants were randomly distributed among 230 plots of apomictic accessions. After natural pollination, seeds of each sexual plant constituted a half-sib family. Thirty plants of each female progenitor were evaluated in a randomized block design experiment, with five plants per plot and five replications. Five evaluation harvests were made in the rainy seasons and two in the dry seasons of all plants. The production and quality characteristics were evaluated. The selection criteria used was: among and within family selection and combined selection with 50% selection in both. The selection criteria used (among and within family selection and combined selection), were efficient for use in P. maximum breeding, with medium to high gains for most characteristics evaluated. The highest genetic gains were obtained from combined selection. However, among and within family selection promoted high genetic gains and may be used in P. maximum breeding. The sexual progenitors identified as numbers 7, 1, 3 and 5 were promising and may be used in future crosses, as well as to increase the genetic variability in the P.maximum genebank.Item Fungal endophytes of Panicum maximum and Pennisetum purpureum: isolation, identification, and determination of antifungal potential(Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 2018) Maia, Natália da Costa; Souza, Patrícia Nirlane da Costa; Godinho, Bárbara Temponi Vilarino; Moreira, Silvino Intra; Abreu, Lucas Magalhães de; Jank, Liana; Cardoso, Patrícia GomesThis study aimed to isolate and identify endophytic fungi from the forage grass P. maximum and evaluate their ability to inhibit the growth of plant pathogenic fungi. One sample from P. purpureum grass was also included. Surface disinfected stem fragments were used for endophytic fungal isolation. One hundred and twenty-six endophytic fungi were isolated, of which 118 were from P. maximum and eight from P. purpureum. Morphological characteristics and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 18S (NS) sequence comparisons identified most isolated endophytic fungi as belonging to the phylum Ascomycota, with Sarocladium being the dominant genus. The isolates were subjected to in vitro antagonism tests against pathogenic fungi, and 31 endophytic fungi inhibited the growth of Bipolaris maydis, Penicillium expansum, and Sclerotinia minor. The results expand our knowledge of the diversity of endophytes associated with tropical grasses and suggest that they may represent new sources of antifungal metabolites for biocontrol and biotechnological purposes.Item Genetic diversity based on morphological data in Panicum maximum hybrids(Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 2012-05-04) Martuscello, Janaina Azevedo; Braz, Thiago Gomes dos Santos; Jank, Liana; Cunha, Daniel de Noronha Figueiredo Vieira da; Fonseca, Dilermando Miranda daThe objective of this experiment was to evaluate the genetic divergence between hybrids obtained from 10 sexual genitors of the Panicum maximum breeding program at Embrapa Beef Cattle. For this, the following morphological descriptors were used: plant height, growth habit, leaf aspect, leaf waxiness, hair density on the sheath (DePB) and blade (DePL), degree of hardiness of the hairs on the leaf sheath (DuPB) and blade (DuPL) and length of hairs on the sheath and blade. The characteristics growth habit and waxiness were not included in the analysis for being invariant. The phenotypic correlations were low and, therefore, not used to eliminate variables. By the principal component analysis, an 84.3% accumulation of the variation was observed until the fourth component. The last four principal components presented an estimate lower than 0.7 and allowed the identification of the variables DePB, DuPB and DuPL as the least important for diversity studies. The morphological characters used were not efficient to distinguish the progenies, but allowed the formation of morphological groups that converged with the graphic analysis of the principal components. An apparent error rate of 17.04% was observed in the classification of the individuals in the groups and 55.5% in the classification of the individuals in the progenies. The individuals in the P. maximum half-sib progenies are genetically divergent, but may not be grouped with only the descriptors used in this experiment. The pubescence characteristics were the least important in the discrimination of the genotypes.Item Genetic parameters of agronomic characters in Panicum maximum hybrids(Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 2012-11-06) Braz, Thiago Gomes dos Santos; Fonseca, Dilermando Miranda da; Jank, Liana; Resende, Marcos Deon Vilela de; Martuscello, Janaina Azevedo; Simeão, Rosangela MariaThis study was carried out with the objective of estimating the genetic parameters of agronomic traits in Panicum maximum hybrids. Genotypes obtained from the crosses between the sexual plants S10 and S12 and cultivars Tanzania and Mombasa were evaluated. The design was an incomplete blocks design with two replicates (clones) and 33 blocks. Each block was constituted by three lines or plots with nine plants each, which were evaluated in six harvests. All the characters presented low broad sense heritabilities for both the individual harvest and for the mean of harvests and a large difference between the heritability and the individual repeatability coefficient, which may be due to the high permanent environmental variance, mainly for forage dry matter and leaf dry matter. On the other hand, the percentage of leaves also presented low repeatability and permanent environmental variance. The genotypic coefficients of variation were high, except for leaf percentage, but they were also associated with high residual coefficients of variation. Both the broad sense heritabilities per harvest and for the mean of harvests were of moderate magnitude for the agronomic traits evaluated in hybrid individuals of P. maximum. On the other hand, there is variability for selection of important characters such as total and leaf dry matter yields and selection for leaf percentage needs a greater number of harvests to improve selection efficiency. The genotypes presented great variability for Bipolaris maydis leaf spot incidence and this character can be included in the P. maximum breeding program.Item Genotypic stabilization of agronomic traits in Panicum maximum (Jacq.) hybrids(Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 2015-08-09) Braz, Thiago Gomes dos Santos; Fonseca, Dilermando Miranda da; Jank, Liana; Cruz, Cosme Damião; Martuscello, Janaina AzevedoThe objective of this study was to evaluate the genotypic stability of agronomic traits in hybrids of Panicum maximum. Hybrids originating from the crosses between two sexual parents and cultivars Mombasa and Tanzania were evaluated in an incomplete-block design. Evaluated traits were total dry matter, leaf dry matter, stem dry matter, percentage of leaves, and leaf:stem ratio. These traits were evaluated in six harvests. Overall, higher repeatability was observed for the traits total dry matter and leaf dry matter, especially when harvests 4, 5, and 6, occurring in spring and summer, were evaluated. The leaf dry matter was the trait that provided the greatest repeatability and determination. The repeatability of stem dry matter, percentage of leaves, and leaf:stem ratio had a low magnitude, even when the coefficient was estimated based on the harvests of better stabilization for the other variables. The hybrids achieved genotypic stabilization in the harvests made in the second rainy season. Harvests made in the rainy season provide greater repeatability and determination, and the inclusion of the dry-season harvest is detrimental to the process of selection of low-repeatability traits such as percentage of leaves.Item Produção de gramíneas do gênero Brachiaria sob níveis de sombreamento(Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 2008-10-06) Martuscello, Janaina Azevedo; Jank, Liana; Gontijo Neto, Miguel Marques; Laura, Valdemir Antônio; Cunha, Daniel de Noronha Figueiredo Vieira daO trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a produção de B. decumbens cv. Basilisk e B. brizantha, cultivares Marandu e Xaraés, sob diferentes níveis de sombreamento. Utilizou-se delineamento em blocos casualizados com esquema de parcelas subdivididas, considerando os níveis de sombreamento (0, 50, 70%) como parcela e as espécies ou cultivares como subparcelas. Sementes das gramíneas foram postas a germinar em bandejas e transplantadas (três plântulas por vaso). Foram realizados quatro cortes em cada subparcela. Antes de cada corte, mediram-se a altura de planta e a área foliar de quatro folhas em cada planta e quantificou-se o número de perfilhos vivos por vaso. Após a colheita, as plantas foram separadas em lâmina, colmo + bainha e material morto para determinação da produção de matéria seca. Para produção de matéria seca total, calcularam-se a produção média em cada um os cortes e a produção total. No último corte, avaliou-se a massa seca de raízes. As interações significativas foram desdobradas adequadamente. O fator qualitativo foi submetido à comparação de médias pelo teste Tukey e o quantitativo à análise de regressão linear. À exceção da produção média em quatro cortes e da produção de colmos e de material morto, observou-se interação significativa para todas as outras variáveis. Independentemente do nível de sombreamento, o cultivar Xaraés destacou-se positivamente na maioria das características analisadas, enquanto, no nível de 50% de sombreamento, o capim-braquiária apresentou maior produtividade, em porcentagem de produção a pleno sol. Na avaliação da porcentagem de folhas, destacou-se o capim-xaraés, seguido do capim-marandu. Independentemente da forrageira, o nível de sombreamento teve efeito direto sobre o número de perfilhos/planta, a produção de MS do sistema radicular, a área foliar e o valor SPAD.Item Repeatability of agronomic characters in Brachiaria brizantha cultivars(Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 2012-09-19) Martuscello, Janaina Azevedo; Braz, Thiago Gomes dos Santos; Jank, Liana; Cunha, Daniel de Noronha Figueiredo Vieira da; Souza, Madson Williame Melo; Brito, Gerlane Ferreira de; Oliveira, Leandro Pereira deThis experiment was carried out with the objectives of determining repeatability coefficients, the number of harvests necessary to increase accuracy and the genotypic stability of yield characteristics in Brachiaria brizantha cultivars in the northeast region of Brazil in the period from July 2009 to March 2011. The experimental design used was completely randomized with three treatments (Brachiaria brizantha var. Marandu, Xaraés and Piatã) and three replications. Each plot was harvested seven times: five in the rainy season and two in the dry season. Immediately after each harvest, the forage was weighed and dried to obtain total, stem, leaf and dead dry matter yields. For the estimation of the repeatability coefficient, analysis of variance, principal components (correlation and covariance matrices) and structural analyses were used. The repeatability coefficients (r) obtained by the different methods, for all characteristics evaluated, varied from 0.009 to 0.837. The estimates of the repeatability coefficients obtained for all characteristics evaluated by the method of analyses of variance were almost always lower than those obtained by the other methods. By the principal components method (based on the covariance matrix), the estimates were always higher than those from other methods. Considering that levels of 80 or 90% confidence are satisfactory in the evaluation of the relative superiority of the cultivars for all the evaluated characteristics, with the exception of dead matter yield, the seven harvests are sufficient for the choice of the best cultivar to be used in the northeast region of Brazil.Item Repetibilidade de caracteres agronômicos em Panicum maximum Jacq.(Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 2007-07-05) Martuscello, Janaina Azevedo; Jank, Liana; Fonseca, Dilermando Miranda da; Cruz, Cosme Damião; Cunha, Daniel de Noronha Figueiredo Vieira daO experimento foi conduzido para avaliar o coeficiente de repetibilidade de algumas características agronômicas em híbridos de Panicum maximum. Dez parcelas de plantas sexuais da espécie foram aleatoriamente distribuídas entre as 230 parcelas de acessos apomíticos. Após a fecundação natural, sementes de cada planta sexual constituíram-se uma família de meios-irmãos. Trinta plantas de cada progenitora foram avaliadas em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com cinco plantas por parcela e seis repetições. A partir de cinco cortes, estimou-se o coeficiente de repetibilidade pelos métodos da Análise de Variância, Componentes principais (matriz de correlação e covariância) e Análise estrutural. Os coeficientes de repetibilidade (r) nos diferentes métodos, para todas as características avaliadas, oscilaram entre 0,51 e 0,86 e podem ser considerados altos, assim como os coeficientes de determinação. As estimativas do coeficiente de repetibilidade obtidas para as quatro características avaliadas pelo método da análise de variância foram quase sempre menores que as obtidas pelos demais métodos. Pelo método dos componentes principais (baseado na matriz de covariância), as estimativas foram sempre maiores em relação aos demais métodos. Considerando satisfatórios níveis de 80 ou 90% de confiabilidade para avaliação da superioridade relativa dos híbridos para todas as características avaliadas, as cinco medições realizadas são suficientes para escolha da melhor planta. A exclusão dos cortes 1 e 2 promove aumento nos coeficientes de repetibilidade e determinação.