Navegando por Autor "Silva, Juscimar da"
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Item Avaliação do potencial agronômico e de contaminação ambiental decorrente do uso de uma escória de aciaria como corretivo e fertilizante de solos(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2003-11-20) Silva, Juscimar da; Mello, Jaime Wilson Vargas de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1823571141094864A reciclagem de materiais industriais ou de mineração, disponíveis para uso na agricultura, é assunto já bem estudado em diversos países, mas no Brasil tem tido pouca ênfase. Os diferentes tipos de escória de siderurgia, com produção anual estimada de 3 milhões de toneladas, apresentam grande potencial de utilização na agricultura, porém estudos com esse propósito são pouco difundidos pela pesquisa nacional. Um dos grandes entraves ao uso generalizado deste resíduo em atividades agrossilviculturais é a presença de metais pesados, que presentes no solo em forma solúvel, são absorvidos por plantas envolvidas na cadeia trófica, podendo causar sérios problemas à saúde de animais e do homem. Desta forma, antes de qualquer recomendação são indispensáveis estudos detalhados sobre os possíveis impactos causados pelo uso desses resíduos na agricultura. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a utilização agrícola de uma escória de aciaria, proveniente da Companhia Siderúrgica de Tubarão (CST), como corretivo da acidez de solos e como fonte de fósforo e zinco para as plantas de sorgo (Sorgum bicolor L. Moench – variedade BR 300), bem como a contaminação de solos e plantas de alface ( Lactuca sativa – variedade Regina-de- Verão) por metais pesados, decorrente do uso desse resíduo. Para atingir o objetivo supracitado, foi caracterizada quimicamente a escória em duas granulometrias (0 a xvi1 mm e 2 a 10 mm) e, com ela, foram realizados dois experimentos utilizando amostra de um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo (LVA), textura argilo-arenosa e de um Latossolo Amarelo (LA), textura franco-arenosa, ambas coletadas no estado do Espírito Santo. O primeiro experimento de avaliação agronômica do resíduo envolveu três etapas: 1 a etapa: avaliação do potencial corretivo da escória por meio de curvas de incubação; 2 a etapa: respostas das plantas ao uso da escória como corretivo de solos e a possível presença de metais em plantas; e 3 a etapa: respostas das plantas ao uso da escória como fertilizante fosfatado e fonte de zinco. O segundo experimento, no qual foi estudado o comportamento dos metais nos solos, avaliou a disponibilidade do Cr por meio de extrações seqüenciais e a mobilidade de metais quando os solos foram submetidos a lixiviações periódicas durante quatro meses com água deionizada e, posteriormente, com solução de ácido acético 0,001 mol L -1 , também durante quatro meses. A escória com granulometria inferior a 1 mm se mostrou eficiente para corrigir a acidez, neutralizar o alumínio tóxico dos solos e suprir as plantas com Ca e Mg, semelhante ao tratamento onde se utilizou, para efeito de comparação, uma mistura corretiva composta por CaCO 3 + MgCO 3 p.a. Já a escória com granulometria entre 2 e 10 mm proporcionou resultados semelhantes aos tratamentos sem corretivo. Desta forma, a mesma foi considerada inadequada para uso agrícola, pelo menos para utilização em cultivo de plantas de ciclo curto. Os baixos teores de Zn e P total, bem como a ausência de P solúvel em ácido cítrico não recomendam o uso da escória como fonte destes nutrientes. Para todos os ensaios montados, nos tratamentos que foram aplicados escória, houve incremento significativo dos teores de Fe e, principalmente, de Mn nos solos. Este aumento – a presença destes dois elementos em quantidades relativamente elevadas no resíduo –, no entanto, não foi verificado sintoma de toxidez nas plantas de sorgo cultivadas. Contudo, para culturas mais sensíveis ao Mn, cuidados devem ser tomados quanto ao incremento deste elemento no solo. Houve também incremento nos teores de Cr do solo com a utilização da escória, no entanto, os valores constatados foram inferiores ao máximo estabelecido para solos, conforme sugerido pela CETESB (2001). Do total de Cr presente no solo, a grande maioria encontrou-se associada a formas mais estáveis de óxidos de Fe e em formas residuais, possivelmente com os silicatos. Não foi detectada pelo método analítico utilizado (ICP – OES), a presença de Cr nos lixiviados coletados e os teores observados de Zn, Cu, Fe e Mn em solução foram muito baixos, sendo inferiores aos valores máximos estabelecidos para águas Classe III, conforme Resolução n o 20/1986, do CONAMA.Item Effectiveness and stability of aluminium and iron oxides nanoparticles for arsenate adsorption(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2008-06-16) Silva, Juscimar da; Abrahão, Walter Antônio Pereira; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4798343H6; Ciminelli, Virgínia Sampaio Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3590884268165249; Mello, Jaime Wilson Vargas de; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4789445D2; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1823571141094864; Caldeira, Claudia Lima; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4727341T5; Schaefer, Carlos Ernesto Gonçalves Reynaud; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4723204Y8; Fontes, Maurício Paulo Ferreira; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4721443T4; Gasparon, MassimoThe geochemical fates of arsenic and iron are closely correlated that methods of arsenic removal from water are based on the high affinity of this metalloid with Fe (hydr)oxides nanominerals. Nevertheless, in anoxic environment dissimilatory iron reducing bacteria play a fundamental role in catalysing the redox transformations that ultimately control the mobility of As in aquatic environment. Aluminium nanominerals are ubiquitous and also have great affinity for arsenic. Additionally, under reducing conditions, Al is rather stable and its presence in the Fe (hydr)oxides framework enhance their stability, as well reported in the literature. Thus, by associating the higher binding affinity of Fe (hydr)oxides for arsenic and the higher stability of Al under anoxic conditions can be an advantageous alternative for removing arsenic from water. In this study, we investigated the influence of structural Al in the Raman vibrational stretching modes of goethite and arsenate phases formed on its surface and on other Al and Fe (hydr)oxides, as well as their potential in adsorbing arsenic. The stability of arsenic retained by aluminium and iron (hydr)oxides under anoxic conditions in the presence of S. putrefaciens cells, and phosphate or carbonate competing anions was also investigated. Poorly crystalline aluminium hydroxide [Al(OH)3], gibbsite (Gb), 2-line ferrihydrite (Fh), hematite (Hm), goethite (Gt), and three Al-substituted goethites (AlGt) containing 13, 20, and 23 cmol mol-1 of Al were synthesised and characterised chemically and physically. These adsorbents without and with arsenate were investigated by X-ray diffraction, diffuse reflectance, and Raman spectroscopy. Adsorption kinetics at two different solid:solution ratios, 2.0 and 5.0 g L-1, and adsorption isotherms were obtained after equilibrating the samples with arsenate solution under constant shaking. As(V) adsorption maxima was measured at different pH ranging from 3 to 9. The adsorbents were anaerobically incubated under N2 atmosphere and supernatants were periodically sampled to evaluate the contents of soluble As. Presence of structural Al increased the specific surface area and the As adsorption capacity of the Gt. The general effects of the structural Al were to reduce Gt crystallinity and displace spectral lines. Such structural disorder was clearly identified by Raman spectroscopy and X-Ray diffraction. Changes in vibrational frequencies and linewidths due to structural Al resulted in loss and overlap of many Gt active bands. These effects increased as the degree of substitution increased. Raman technique also confirmed the co-occurrence of magnetite in AlGt13 sample, as indicated by XRD. As-O vibrational bands were visualised on all Raman spectra, except for pure Gt probably due to its lowest content of adsorbed As(V). Positions of As-O vibrational band suggested that As(V) was strongly retained on the minerals as innersphere surface complexes. In spite of the fast equilibrium, the increase in solid concentration limited the efficiency and velocity of arsenic adsorption. The As(V) adsorption maxima decreased in the following order: Al(OH)3 > Fh > AlGt13 > AlGt20 > AlGt23 > Gb > Hm > Gt. Nevertheless, by calculating adsorption capacities in terms of surface area, Gb, Gt, and Hm showed higher As(V) loading capacity. This suggest that available reactive sites were not fully occupied by arsenate on the amorphous and Alsubstituted (hydr)oxides. No relationship was observed between medium particle size and maxima adsorption. This suggests re-aggregation of the particles during the particle size measurement, or imperfections on the surface of the particles increasing their net charge, resulting in high adsorption density. The behaviour of all samples was strongly dependent on pH, and the maximum adsorption was achieved in slightly acidic conditions. In general, Al hydroxides were more efficient than Fe (hydr)oxides to remove As(V) from water. The presence of structural Al enhanced considerably the efficiency of the goethites which showed to be promising as adsorbents to remove arsenic from contaminated water. We found that S. putrefaciens cells were able to bind on mineral surfaces and utilise both noncrystalline and crystalline iron (hydr)oxides as electron acceptor releasing arsenic into solution. Al-substituted goethites presented a decrease in the fraction of soluble iron and mobilised arsenic as structural Al increased. The expected relationship between specific surface area and reductive dissolution of Fe and As was also affected by the increment in structural Al. Phosphate and carbonate affected the kinetics of iron reduction due to precipitation of soluble iron as metastable mineral phases (e.g. vivianite and siderite). It seems that analogous mineral phases of phosphates served as a sink for As limiting its mobilisation. Phosphate competed strongly with arsenate and its efficiency seemed to be governed by the nature of the binding mechanism between As and adsorbent surface. Higher fraction of arsenic was desorbed by phosphate from gibbsite followed by AlGts. Conversely, only Gb showed significant amounts of arsenate displaced by carbonate. In spite of low crystallinity, Al(OH)3 was the most efficient in retaining arsenate on its surface followed by Fh and Hm.Item Geochemistry and spatial variability of metal(loid) concentrations in soils of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil(Science of The Total Environment, 2015-02-01) Souza, José João Lelis Leal de; Abrahão, Walter Antônio Pereira; Mello, Jaime Wilson Vargas de; Silva, Juscimar da; Costa, Liovando Marciano da; Oliveira, Teógenes Senna deSince 2009 a policy has been implemented in Brazil to establish the natural concentrations of potentially toxic substances in soil for each state. Historically a ‘mining state’, Minas Gerais established a Quality Reference Value for metal(loid)s for all of the soils in the state. To successfully establish these values it is important to study the spatial geochemical diversity for the state. In this context, the objectives of this work are: (1) to eval- uate the natural concentrations of metal(loid)s in pristine Minas Gerais soils and (2) to interpret the spatial variability in concentration of these elements. The 0–20 cm layer of soils was sampled for 697 georeferenced sites including the main geological materials and soil groups. Soil properties were analyzed according to methodologies suitable for Brazilian soils. The concentration of metal(loid)s was determined by acid extraction according to EPA 3051A. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and spatial variability analyses were performed. The dominance of acidic pH and low CEC values reflects the pervasive deep acid weathering. The variability of metal(loid) concentrations for soils of the state may be attributed to geological diversity and different pedogenesis. Correlation and spatial analysis indicated that the Fe concentration is strongly associated with metal(loid) concentrations in topsoil. According to the spatial geochemical diversity of the state, a k-means cluster analysis was performed which identified four clusters. A significant difference in the mean values of metal(loid) concentrations between the clusters confirmed that the single Quality Reference Value established does not represent the geochemical diversity of soils in Minas Gerais.Item Hydrogeochemistry of sulfate-affected landscapes in Keller Peninsula, Maritime Antarctica(Geomorphology, 2012-06-15) Souza, José João L. L. de; Schaefer, Carlos Ernesto G. R.; Abrahão, Walter Antônio P.; Mello, Jaime Wilson V. de; Simas, Felipe N. B.; Silva, Juscimar da; Francelino, Márcio R.Keller Peninsula, located in King George Island, has a typical Maritime Antarctica climatic regime, with higher temperatures and rainfall than other areas in Continental Antarctica. The main outcropping rocks are pyritized andesites, volcaniclastics and basalts. Recent pedological investigation indicated that the presence of sulfides in Keller Peninsula accelerates the weathering process. The aim of this work was the determination of the geochemical background in water channels following geomorphological gradients in Keller Peninsula, Maritime Antarctica. We delimited and mapped all catchments in Keller Peninsula using GIS techniques and field observations. Water samples were analyzed for twenty-nine elements by ICP-OES and IEC, after the proper treatments. Eight catchments were identified as sulfide-affected, although water pH was nearly neutral. The ionic concentration in solution was high, both in non-affected and sulfide-affected catchments, with a trend of greater values in the latter, and changing downslope. Concentration values are above the range of other hydrogeochemical studies from elsewhere in Antarctica. The values of molar ratio HCO3−:(Ca + Mg)^2 + and Na^+:Cl^− indicated the absence of carbonate-bearing rocks. Local precipitation of evaporites, as gypsum and epsomite was confirmed by the Ca^2 +:SO42 − and Mg^2 +:SO42 − molar ratios. The high ionic concentration in sulfide-affected areas illustrates the role of sulfate soil formation in this part of Antarctica.