Navegando por Autor "Ramos Sobrinho, Roberto"
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Item Begomovirus evolution in the New World: Genetic variability of populations and its effect on speciation(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2014-02-26) Ramos Sobrinho, Roberto; Zerbini Júnior, Francisco Murilo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2419464973930579Viruses belonging to the family Geminiviridae have circular ssDNA genomes and infect a broad range of plant species causing devastating diseases, mainly in subtropical and tropical countries. The family is divided into seven genera (Begomovirus, Becurtovirus, Curtovirus, Eragrovirus, Mastrevirus, Topocuvirus and Turncurtovirus) according to the type of insect vector, host range, genome organization and phylogeny. Begomoviruses are whitefly- transmitted and are among the most damaging pathogens causing epidemics in economically important crops worldwide. Wild/non-cultivated plants play a crucial epidemiological role, acting as begomovirus reservoirs and as "mixing vessels" where recombination can occur. Furthermore, previous results suggest that begomovirus populations in non-cultivated hosts are more genetically variable then those infecting cultivated hosts. Most New World (NW) begomoviruses have two genomic components designated as DNA-A and DNA-B, and their genomes have the capacity to evolve quickly via mutation, reassortment and recombination. In this context, this work aimed: (i) to assess the effect of the host on the standing genetic variability of begomovirus populations; and (ii) to study the effect of recombination on the evolution of New World begomoviruses. For the first objective, cultivated (common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, and lima bean, P. lunatus) and non-cultivated (Macroptilium lathyroides) legume hosts were intensively sampled from two regions across Brazil between 2005 and 2012. A total of 212 full-length DNA-A components were cloned and sequenced, and populations of the begomoviruses Bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV) and Macroptilium yellow spot virus (MaYSV) were obtained from the three hosts. Our results indicate that the presumed genetic variability of the host did not affect viral variability. MaYSV (N = 99) showed higher genetic variability than BGMV (N = 147), with the BGMV (but not the MaYSV) population being structured based on both host and geography. For the second objective, datasets including all DNA-A and DNA-B reference sequences of NW begomoviruses were obtained from GenBank. Our analyses indicate that South American begomoviruses do not exhibit geographic monophyly, with evidence of at least two independent introduction events in this region. Recombination was detected as a very important evolutionary mechanism acting on DNA-A evolution. We found evidence of greater genetic variability in begomoviruses from Central America and the Caribbean compared to South America (SA). Additional introduction events may impact the evolution of begomoviruses in SA by favoring recombination and introducing new virulence features to indigenous South American begomoviruses.Item Contrasting genetic structure between two begomoviruses infecting the same leguminous hosts(Journal of General Virology, 2014-07-11) Xavier, César Augusto Diniz; Pereira, Hermano Monteiro de Barros; Lima, Gaus Silvestre de Andrade; Assunção, Iraı́ldes Pereira; Mizubuti, Eduardo Seiti Gomide; Duffy, Siobain; Zerbini, Francisco Murilo; Ramos Sobrinho, RobertoBegomoviruses are whitefly-transmitted, ssDNA plant viruses and are among the most damaging pathogens causing epidemics in economically important crops worldwide. Wild/non-cultivated plants play a crucial epidemiological role, acting as begomovirus reservoirs and as ‘mixing vessels’ where recombination can occur. Previous work suggests a higher degree of genetic variability in begomovirus populations from non-cultivated hosts compared with cultivated hosts. To assess this supposed host effect on the genetic variability of begomovirus populations, cultivated (common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, and lima bean, Phaseolus lunatus) and non-cultivated (Macroptilium lathyroides) legume hosts were sampled from two regions of Brazil. A total of 212 full-length DNA-A genome segments were sequenced from samples collected between 2005 and 2012, and populations of the begomoviruses Bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV) and Macroptilium yellow spot virus (MaYSV) were obtained. We found, for each begomovirus species, similar genetic variation between populations infecting cultivated and non-cultivated hosts, indicating that the presumed genetic variability of the host did not a priori affect viral variability. We observed a higher degree of genetic variation in isolates from MaYSV populations than BGMV populations, which was explained by numerous recombination events in MaYSV. MaYSV and BGMV showed distinct distributions of genetic variation, with the BGMV population (but not MaYSV) being structured by both host and geography.Item Response of tomato (Solanum L. section Lycopersicon Mill.) germplasm to begomovirus inoculation under controlled and field conditions(Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 2014-02) Aguilera, Jorge González; Hurtado, Francisco Dueñas; Almeida, Victor de Souza; Tavares, Sheila S.; Nick, Carlos; Soares, Marcelo Oliveira; Xavier, Cesar A. Diniz; Gil, Martha Alvarez; Zerbini, Francisco Murilo; Silva, Derly J. Henriques da; Freitas, Renata Dias de; Ramos Sobrinho, RobertoNinety-five tomato accessions belonging to the Vegetable Crops Germplasm Bank of the Federal University of Viçosa (BGH-UFV) were evaluated in a protected environment (biolistic inoculation under greenhouse conditions) and in the field (natural infection) for resistance to bipartite begomoviruses present in Brazil. Plants were assessed by the visual evaluation of symptoms, and viral infection was confirmed by non-radioactive molecular hybridization. Univariate statistical analyses and correlations were made between the traits. High and significant correlations were found between the percentages of visual symptoms and of viral replication, with values of 0.67 in the protected environment and 0.60 in the field. We concluded that under the protected environment, the accessions BGH-2144, BGH-2150, BGH-6878 and BGH-6881 displayed resistance to infection. Under field conditions with natural infection, the best results were obtained for the accessions BGH-2080 and BGH-6881. Only the BGH-6881 (Solanum peruvianum L.) accession excelled in both conditions; this resistance was attributed to the presence of the Ty-2 and Ty-3 resistance gene alleles in heterozygosity. In general, all of the accessions selected in both experimental conditions can serve as sources for the development of cultivars tolerant or resistant to the bipartite begomoviruses present in Brazil.