Navegando por Autor "Bernardeli, Arthur Martins Almeida"
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Item Changes in the antioxidant system in soybean leaves infected by Corynespora cassiicola(Phytopathology, 2015-02-25) Fortunato, Alessandro Antônio; Debona, Daniel; Bernardeli, Arthur Martins Almeida; Rodrigues, Fabrício ÁvilaConsidering the importance of target spot, caused by the fungus Corynespora cassiicola, to reduce soybean yield in Brazil and that more basic information regarding the soybean−C. cassiicola interaction is needed, the present study aimed to investigate whether the cellular damage caused by C. cassiicola infection could activate the antioxidant system and whether a more efficient antioxidant system could be associated with an increase in soybean resistance to target spot. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase as well as the concentrations of ascorbate (AsA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide (O2•−), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in soybean plants from two cultivars differing in resistance to the pathogen. The number of lesions per square centimeter was significantly reduced by 14% in plants from cultivar Fundacep 59 compared with plants from cultivar TMG 132. The area under the disease progress curve was significantly lower, by 15%, in plants from Fundacep 59 than in plants from TMG 132. Generally, antioxidant enzyme activities and AsA concentration significantly increased in response to C. cassiicola infection in plants from both cultivars, however more prominent increases were recorded for plants from Fundacep 59. The concentrations of MDA, H2O2, and O2•− also increased, particularly for plants from TMG 132. The results from this study highlight the importance of a more efficient antioxidative system in the removal of reactive oxygen species generated in soybean plants during C. cassiicola infection, contributing to the resistance to target spot.Item Genome wide selection optimization in maize breeding(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2023-03-31) Bernardeli, Arthur Martins Almeida; Oliveira, Aluízio Borém de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0208140000693434Maize is a staple crop and the most grown cereal worldwide. The expansion of this crop was possible due to efforts in management and breeding. In the breeding standpoint, advances were achieved in the release of hybrids presenting heterosis, field experimental design and analyses, establishment of heterotic patterns, and effective seed production and marketing. From the last decade on, advances in data analyses benefited from the surge of genotypic data, allowing the prediction of hybrids without being tested through genomic selection approaches. This study aims to convert a high-density SNP data set and use it in a genomic selection or predicting non- tested hybrids and non-observed environments, and for indicating most promising mating parent material for obtaining hybrids and inbred lines for ASI, EPP, FFT, GY, and MFT maize traits. For that, we ranked the SNPs according to their effects from a ME analyses and selected the minimum portion of markers that reached the plateau of prediction accuracy per chromosome, followed by eliminating the repeated markers between traits, and removing the ones tightly linked according to LD analyses. For the GS of hybrids and environments, three methods that comprised GCA and SCA main and interaction effects were fitted, and the prediction accuracy was assessed. The step of selecting parent material was performed according to PS, GS, and GM. The GM methods used the marker effects predicted in the previous GS step, and the 40 top- and bottom-performing crosses and their respective parent lines were selected for each trait. The selected SNPs maintained the accuracy for all traits under drought or well-watered conditions when compared to using full SNP set. For GWS of hybrids, Model 3 performed better for all traits when cross validation schemes had information of all environments (CV1 and CV2) in terms of prediction accuracy, and Model 2 performed better when there was missing information about environments (CV0 and CV00). The mating parents chosen for positive selection were different than the ones from negative selection, ensuring maximization of gains for hybrid and inbred lines development. The highest coincidences of selected parent lines occurred in GS-based methods (Methods 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15), where parents were directly selected based on means or GCA/SCA (and interaction) values of their respective hybrids. The methods based on crosses simulations (Methods 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, and 16) had moderate to low coincidences, but were consistent in indicating the best parent materials overall. GS- and GM-based parent selection results must be further compared to Method 17 (observed crosses) for an effective validation. PS, GS, and GM methods together must help in the decision making of selecting parent material for future crosses. These approaches must be further performed using other training populations. Keywords: Cross-validation. Hybrids. Inbred Lines. Prediction Accuracy. SNP Markers.Item A set of standard area diagrams to assess severity of frogeye leaf spot on soybean(European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2015-03-14) Debona, Daniel; Nascimento, Kelly Juliane Telles; Rezende, Danielle; Rios, Jonas Alberto; Bernardeli, Arthur Martins Almeida; Silva, Leandro Castro; Rodrigues, Fabrício ÁvilaA set of standard area diagrams (SADs) was developed and validated to aid visual assessment of severity of frogeye leaf spot (FLS) caused by Cercospora sojina. The SAD has eight color images of diseased leaflets with severity values that ranged from 0.1 to 39.9 %. The SAD was validated by a group of 20 raters [10 experienced (ER) and 10 inexperienced (IR)], who assessed the same set of 50 images twice, the first without SADs and the second using SADs as an aid. The SADs significantly improved accuracy [coefficients of bias (C b ) were 0.64 and 0.99 for IR and 0.98 and 0.99 for ER, without and with SADs, respectively], precision [correlation coefficients (r) were 0.89 and 0.95 for IR and 0.94 and 0.97 for ER, without and with SADs, respectively] and overall agreement [Lin’s concordance correlation coefficients (ρ c ) were 0.57 and 0.94 for IR and 0.92 and 0.97 for ER without and with SADs, respectively]. The estimates of severity of FLS were more reliable when using SADs. Both the inter-rater reliability (coefficient of determination, R:^2 ) and intra-class coefficient (ρ) were significantly increased by using SADs. Therefore, it is believed that the SADs proposed in the present study will be a useful tool to aid accurate, precise and reliable estimates of severity of FLS in experiments (e.g., fungicide screening, assessment of partial resistance of soybean genotypes to FLS) and to aid in decision-making purposes.Item Validação de marcadores moleculares SNP para alto conteúdo de proteína em grãos de soja [Glycine max (L.) Merr.](Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2019-02-22) Bernardeli, Arthur Martins Almeida; Oliveira, Aluizio Borem de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0208140000693434O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar o efeito de marcadores moleculares SNP sobre o fenótipo (𝑟 2 ), determinar a herdabilidade dos conteúdos de proteína e óleo em grãos de soja e o coeficiente de correlação entre estes dois caracteres, e identificar as progênies superiores via seleção assistida e fenotipagem. Para isto, 271 RILs derivadas de F5 foram testadas em ensaios de campo em Capinópolis e Viçosa, em 2017, genotipadas, e fenotipadas para conteúdos de proteína e óleo via NIR. Os genótipos apresentaram diferenças significativas entre si e ao longo dos ambientes testados, sendo que os resultados de Capinópolis foram maiores para conteúdo de proteína das RILs (47,845 %) e os de Viçosa para o conteúdo de óleo das testemunhas (23,291 %). As herdabilidades foram maiores para a análise conjunta dos dados que para a análise 2 individual, em que ℎ 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑒í𝑛𝑎 = 79,490 % e 72,810 %, e ℎ ó𝑙𝑒𝑜 = 84,190 % e 79,520 %, 2 para Capinópolis e Viçosa, respectivamente; e ℎ 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑒í𝑛𝑎 = 88,230 % e ℎ ó𝑙𝑒𝑜 = 91,050 %, para análise conjunta. Os coeficientes de Correlação de Pearson para dados fenotípicos foram de 𝑟 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑛. = -0,664 e 𝑟 𝑉𝑖ç𝑜𝑠𝑎 = -0,587. Dos marcadores moleculares avaliados, ss56, ss62, ss115 e ss190 associaram para o conteúdo de proteína em Capinópolis; e ss56, ss62 e ss190 para este mesmo caráter em Viçosa. Os marcadores ss62, ss115 e ss190 associaram para o conteúdo de óleo em ambas as localidades. O marcador ss190 destacou-se ao apresentar 𝑟 2 entre 25-29 % para ambos os conteúdos nas duas localidades. Efeito pleiotrópico de todos os marcadores foi observado, exceto para ss56, em que seu uso na seleção assistida promove o aumento do conteúdo de proteína e não onera o de óleo. Em termos práticos, as progênies superiores para alta proteína foram as que reuniram todos ou a maioria dos alelos favoráveis. As progênies 61-9, 78-38, 84-13 e 84-33 foram superiores para o conteúdo de proteína e em desempenho de campo, além de reunirem alelos favoráveis identificados via seleção assistida das marcas associadas neste estudo, justificando seu uso no programa de melhoramento.