Efeitos do sombreamento, da competição e do fogo sobre o desenvolvimento inicial e morfofisiologia em três espécies do gênero Dimorphandra: implicações para a conservação e o manejo
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
A variação na disponibilidade de luz, a competição interespecífica com gramíneas exóticas e o regime de fogo constituem fatores ecológicos que modulam a dinâmica da vegetação. A luz regula processos ecofisiológicos, interferindo na fotossíntese e balanço energético, na morfologia e alocação de biomassa. As gramíneas exóticas interferem na competição por água, luz e nutrientes, alteram a ciclagem de nutrientes e facilitam o fogo. O regime de fogo é um dos principais filtros ecológicos de savanas, cerrados e florestas sujeitas a distúrbios antropogênicos, regulando o recrutamento de espécies nativas. O objetivo foi avaliar se espécies congenéricas de Dimorphandra Schott apresentam respostas diferenciadas em seu desenvolvimento inicial em função da luz, competição e fogo durante o cultivo em casa de vegetação e no campo. Aos 285 dias após o plantio foram avaliados o crescimento inicial, biomassa, fluorescência da clorofila a e o teor de clorofila em resposta a variação na luminosidade e aos 473 dias após o plantio, os efeitos da luminosidade e competição com Melinis minutiflora P. Beauv. Aos 631 dias foram analisados os efeitos combinados da luminosidade e fogo. Os resultados mostraram que Dimorphandra exaltata Schott apresentou maior área foliar específica e crescimento aéreo, porém apresentou menor eficiência fotoquímica, sendo sensível aos efeitos da competição e fogo, com redução acentuada na biomassa e no desempenho funcional. A espécie Dimorphandra mollis Benth. manteve baixa alocação de biomassa para a parte aérea, investindo mais em raízes que parte aérea, com alta eficiência fotoquímica sob sombreamento e competição. Já Dimorphandra wilsonii Rizzini apresentou diferentes respostas em diferentes condições ambientais, destacando-se com maior produção de massa seca e eficiência fotoquímica, com maior resiliência ao fogo. Os resultados revelam estratégias funcionais contrastantes entre as espécies, indicando que o manejo deve levar em conta as características de cada espécie a ser utilizada. Palavras-chave: Cerrado; estratégias adaptativas; Mata Atlântica; pares congenéricos
Variation in light availability, interspecific competition with exotic grasses, and fire regime constitute ecological factors that modulate vegetation dynamics. Light regulates ecophysiological processes by influencing photosynthesis and energy balance, as well as morphology and biomass allocation. Exotic grasses interfere with competition for water, light, and nutrients, alter nutrient cycling, and facilitate fire occurrence. Fire regime is one of the main ecological filters in savannas, cerrado ecosystems, and forests subject to anthropogenic disturbances, regulating the recruitment of native species. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether congeneric species of Dimorphandra Schott exhibit differentiated responses in early development as a function of light, competition, and fire under greenhouse and field conditions. At 285 days after planting, initial growth, biomass, chlorophyll a fluorescence, and chlorophyll content were assessed in response to variation in light availability; at 473 days after planting, the effects of light availability and competition with Melinis minutiflora P. Beauv. were evaluated. At 631 days after planting, the combined effects of light availability and fire were analyzed. The results showed that Dimorphandra exaltata Schott exhibited higher specific leaf area and aboveground growth; however, it showed lower photochemical efficiency and was sensitive to the effects of competition and fire, with marked reductions in biomass and functional performance. Dimorphandra mollis Benth. maintained low biomass allocation to the aboveground component, investing more in roots than shoots, with high photochemical efficiency under shading and competitive conditions. In contrast, Dimorphandra wilsonii Rizzini exhibited distinct responses across environmental conditions, standing out for higher dry mass production and photochemical efficiency, as well as greater resilience to fire. These results reveal contrasting functional strategies among the species, indicating that management practices should take into account the specific characteristics of each species to be used. Keywords: Cerrado; adaptive strategies; Atlantic Forest; congeneric pairs
Variation in light availability, interspecific competition with exotic grasses, and fire regime constitute ecological factors that modulate vegetation dynamics. Light regulates ecophysiological processes by influencing photosynthesis and energy balance, as well as morphology and biomass allocation. Exotic grasses interfere with competition for water, light, and nutrients, alter nutrient cycling, and facilitate fire occurrence. Fire regime is one of the main ecological filters in savannas, cerrado ecosystems, and forests subject to anthropogenic disturbances, regulating the recruitment of native species. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether congeneric species of Dimorphandra Schott exhibit differentiated responses in early development as a function of light, competition, and fire under greenhouse and field conditions. At 285 days after planting, initial growth, biomass, chlorophyll a fluorescence, and chlorophyll content were assessed in response to variation in light availability; at 473 days after planting, the effects of light availability and competition with Melinis minutiflora P. Beauv. were evaluated. At 631 days after planting, the combined effects of light availability and fire were analyzed. The results showed that Dimorphandra exaltata Schott exhibited higher specific leaf area and aboveground growth; however, it showed lower photochemical efficiency and was sensitive to the effects of competition and fire, with marked reductions in biomass and functional performance. Dimorphandra mollis Benth. maintained low biomass allocation to the aboveground component, investing more in roots than shoots, with high photochemical efficiency under shading and competitive conditions. In contrast, Dimorphandra wilsonii Rizzini exhibited distinct responses across environmental conditions, standing out for higher dry mass production and photochemical efficiency, as well as greater resilience to fire. These results reveal contrasting functional strategies among the species, indicating that management practices should take into account the specific characteristics of each species to be used. Keywords: Cerrado; adaptive strategies; Atlantic Forest; congeneric pairs
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TEIXEIRA, Marcony Vinícius Januário. Efeitos do sombreamento, da competição e do fogo sobre o desenvolvimento inicial e morfofisiologia em três espécies do gênero Dimorphandra: implicações para a conservação e o manejo. 2025. 120 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ecologia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2025.
