Políticas públicas no Brasil: uma proposta de análise sociocognitiva do discurso sobre as reformas da Previdência Social
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
Esta tese investiga como as reformas da Previdência Social no Brasil de 1998, 2003 e 2019 foram legitimadas por meio da manipulação discursiva, seguindo os preceitos da Abordagem Sociocognitiva (ASC) dos Estudos Críticos do Discurso (ECD), desenvolvida por Teun A. van Dijk. Partindo do reconhecimento de que o discurso atua como prática de poder e modelagem da cognição, o trabalho está estruturado em três pilares centrais: a guinada argumentativa de análise de políticas públicas, a abordagem sociocognitiva e as reformas da Previdência Social brasileira. A tese se estrutura em três artigos: o primeiro propõe um quadro teórico-metodológico para aplicação da abordagem sociocognitiva às política públicas; o segundo analisa as exposições de motivos das três grandes reformas com base no quadro do artigo um, evidenciando estratégias discursiva voltadas à construção da necessidade de reformas como fato inquestionável; e o terceiro artigo examina duas propagandas oficiais da reforma de 2019, revelando a simplificação da realidade e o uso de valores como justiça e igualdade como forma de legitimar mudanças que possuem impactos sociais. A pesquisa conclui que o discurso oficial atua como instrumento de dominação e fortalecimento da hegemonia, promovendo consensos que silenciam contradições e restringem o debate democrático. A contribuição teórica reside na integração inovadora entre ASC e análise de políticas públicas, oferecendo um novo instrumento teórico-metodológico para ser utilizado no campo de políticas públicas. Empiricamente, destaca-se a importância de compreender os discursos não como meros veículos de informação, mas como mecanismos centrais de produção e legitimação de políticas que afetam diretamente os direitos sociais, em um típico processo de manipulação discursiva. Palavras-chave: reforma da previdência social; manipulação discursiva; Abordagem Sociocognitiva; Estudos Críticos do Discurso; políticas públicas
This thesis investigates how the Social Security reforms in Brazil of 1998, 2003 and 2019 were legitimized through discursive manipulation following the precepts of the Sociocognitive Approach (ASC) of Critical Discourse Studies (ECD) developed by Teun A. van Dijk. Based on the recognition that discourse acts as a practice of power and modeling of cognition, the work is structured around three central pillars: the argumentative shift in public policy analysis, the sociocognitive approach, and the reforms of Brazilian Social Security. The thesis is structured in three articles: the first one proposes a theoretical-methodological framework for applying the socio-cognitive approach to public policies; the second one analyzes the explanatory statements of the three major reforms based on the framework of the first article, highlighting discursive strategies aimed at constructing the need for reforms as an unquestionable fact; and the third article examines two official advertisements for the 2019 reform, revealing the simplification of reality and the use of values such as justice and equality as a way of legitimizing changes that have major social impacts. The research concludes that the official discourse acts as an instrument of domination and strengthening of hegemony, promoting consensus that silences contradictions and restricts democratic debate. The theoretical contribution lies in the innovative integration between ASC and public policy analysis, offering a new theoretical-methodological instrument to be used in the field of public policies. Empirically, the importance of understanding discourses not as mere vehicles of information, but as central mechanisms for the production and legitimization of policies that directly affect social rights, in a typical process of discursive manipulation, is highlighted. Keywords: social security reform; discursive manipulation; Sociocognitive Approach; Critical Discourse Studies; public policies
This thesis investigates how the Social Security reforms in Brazil of 1998, 2003 and 2019 were legitimized through discursive manipulation following the precepts of the Sociocognitive Approach (ASC) of Critical Discourse Studies (ECD) developed by Teun A. van Dijk. Based on the recognition that discourse acts as a practice of power and modeling of cognition, the work is structured around three central pillars: the argumentative shift in public policy analysis, the sociocognitive approach, and the reforms of Brazilian Social Security. The thesis is structured in three articles: the first one proposes a theoretical-methodological framework for applying the socio-cognitive approach to public policies; the second one analyzes the explanatory statements of the three major reforms based on the framework of the first article, highlighting discursive strategies aimed at constructing the need for reforms as an unquestionable fact; and the third article examines two official advertisements for the 2019 reform, revealing the simplification of reality and the use of values such as justice and equality as a way of legitimizing changes that have major social impacts. The research concludes that the official discourse acts as an instrument of domination and strengthening of hegemony, promoting consensus that silences contradictions and restricts democratic debate. The theoretical contribution lies in the innovative integration between ASC and public policy analysis, offering a new theoretical-methodological instrument to be used in the field of public policies. Empirically, the importance of understanding discourses not as mere vehicles of information, but as central mechanisms for the production and legitimization of policies that directly affect social rights, in a typical process of discursive manipulation, is highlighted. Keywords: social security reform; discursive manipulation; Sociocognitive Approach; Critical Discourse Studies; public policies
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FREITAS, Gisele de. Políticas públicas no Brasil: uma proposta de análise sociocognitiva do discurso sobre as reformas da Previdência Social. 2025. 138 f. Tese (Doutorado em Administração) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2025.
