A previdência social no contexto das modificações no ciclo de vida e na estrutura etária da população brasileira
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Oikos: Família e Sociedade em debate
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Neste trabalho são discutidas algumas implicações das alterações demográficas ocorridas no Brasil, visando à sustentabilidade do regime geral de previdência, à luz das teorias desenvolvidas por Preston e Keyfitz (1982). Eles investigam como mudanças demográficas afetam o ciclo de vida dos indivíduos e as características da população. Com o aumento da proporção de idosos a relação entre despesas e receitas governamentais tende a sofrer pressões, causando aumento no déficit orçamental. Tal situação conduz a um desafio para o Estado, no intuito de atender os idosos, principalmente no que se refere à Previdência Social. A expectativa de sobrevida, no cálculo dos benefícios da aposentadoria, provavelmente desestimulará as aposentadorias precoces e aumentará o tempo de permanência do idoso como contribuinte. Para Lee e Tuljapurkar (1997) as gerações futuras terão de pagar impostos maiores do que hoje para ajudar a financiar o consumo durante os anos mais de aposentadoria de que irão gozar, em virtude da menor mortalidade.
This paper will discuss the possible implications of demographic changes taking place in Brazil in recent decades. for the sustainability of the general system in the light of the theoretical approaches developed by authors such as Preston (1982) and Keyfitz (1982) who investigate the question of how demographic changes affect the life cycle of individuals and population characteristics in different ways . Part of the reality that pervades developing countries like Brazil, where the decline in fertility and mortality and increased life expectancy of the population, has caused a significant increase in the proportion of elderly, which tends to push the relationship between expenditure and government revenues, causing considerable increase in the budget deficit. This has led, however, a challenge to the state and society in order to meet this growing contingent of elderly people, especially with regard to aspects relating to social security. The survival rate in the calculation of retirement benefits would probably discourage early retirement and increase the residence time of the elderly as contributors to the system. Authors such as Lee and Tuljapurkar (1997) suggest that future generations will have to pay much higher taxes than today, to help finance consumption during retirement years more that will come due to a lower mortality.
This paper will discuss the possible implications of demographic changes taking place in Brazil in recent decades. for the sustainability of the general system in the light of the theoretical approaches developed by authors such as Preston (1982) and Keyfitz (1982) who investigate the question of how demographic changes affect the life cycle of individuals and population characteristics in different ways . Part of the reality that pervades developing countries like Brazil, where the decline in fertility and mortality and increased life expectancy of the population, has caused a significant increase in the proportion of elderly, which tends to push the relationship between expenditure and government revenues, causing considerable increase in the budget deficit. This has led, however, a challenge to the state and society in order to meet this growing contingent of elderly people, especially with regard to aspects relating to social security. The survival rate in the calculation of retirement benefits would probably discourage early retirement and increase the residence time of the elderly as contributors to the system. Authors such as Lee and Tuljapurkar (1997) suggest that future generations will have to pay much higher taxes than today, to help finance consumption during retirement years more that will come due to a lower mortality.
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FONTES, Márcia Barroso; WAJNMAN, Simone. A previdência social no contexto das modificações no ciclo de vida e na estrutura etária da população brasileira. Oikos, Viçosa, v. 22, n. 2, p. 258-267, 2011.
