Descentralização de licenciamento ambiental: um estudo de caso do município de Ubá-MG
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
A transformação no padrão de cuidado ao meio ambiente foi fruto do aumento da degradação dos recursos naturais. Diante deste cenário, foram criados instrumentos com o intuito de diminuir os impactos ambientais decorrentes da ação humana. Dentre estas ferramentas, foi criado o licenciamento ambiental com o intuito de resguardar o espaço natural frente ao avanço de atividades potencialmente poluidoras. Dentro do processo de licenciamento ambiental, a defesa pela descentralização deste vem ganhando cada vez mais espaço. Respaldada pela legislação, a descentralização do licenciamento através da municipalização é defendida por meio do argumento que são os municípios e seus habitantes quem sofrem diretamente com os impactos socioambientais provocados pelos empreendimentos que necessitam do licenciamento. Deste modo, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo analisar as variadas faces do processo de municipalização do licenciamento ambiental no município de Ubá- Minas Gerais. O trabalho foi desenvolvido com base em um estudo de caso no município de Ubá, utilizando os seguintes métodos: revisão bibliográfica e documental, além da análise da legislação e procedimental. Foi apresentada no discorrer dos estudos a forma como ocorreu a implantação do processo de licenciamento ambiental e a caracterização dos procedimentos implantados no município. Além disso, foram quantificados os processos encerrados desde o ano da implantação da municipalização até o ano de 2023, totalizando 85 processos entre decisões pelo deferimento, indeferimento e arquivamento. Realizou-se a avaliação dos pareceres disponíveis, verificando que todos os aspectos ambientais comuns às atividades licenciadas foram verificados. Como resultado, foram apontadas as fragilidades, como a morosidade nas análises e os atributos de excelência como a avaliação dos impactos. Por fim, conclui-se que o modelo de licenciamento ambiental no munícipio de Ubá encontra-se em um avanço substancial. Palavras-chave: meio ambiente; legislação ambiental; impactos ambientais.
The transformation in the standard of care for the environment was the result of the increase in the degradation of natural resources. In view of this scenario, instruments were created with the aim of reducing the environmental impacts resulting from human action. Among these tools, environmental licensing was created with the aim of protecting natural spaces from the advance of potentially polluting activities. Within the environmental licensing process, the defense of decentralization has been gaining more and more ground. Supported by legislation, the decentralization of licensing through municipalization is defended by means of the argument that it is the municipalities and their inhabitants who suffer directly from the socio-environmental impacts caused by the projects that require licensing. Thus, the present work aimed to analyze the various aspects of the process of municipalization of environmental licensing in the municipality of Ubá, Minas Gerais. The work was developed based on a case study in the municipality of Ubá, using the following methods: bibliographic and documentary review, in addition to the analysis of legislation and procedures. The study presented how the environmental licensing process was implemented and the procedures implemented in the municipality were characterized. In addition, the processes closed since the year of implementation of municipalization until 2023 were quantified, totaling 85 processes between decisions for approval, rejection and archiving. The available opinions were evaluated, verifying that all environmental aspects common to the licensed activities were verified. As a result, weaknesses were highlighted, such as slowness in analyses, and attributes of excellence, such as impact assessment. Finally, it is concluded that the environmental licensing model in the municipality of Ubá is making substantial progress. Keywords: environment; environmental legislation; environmental impacts.
The transformation in the standard of care for the environment was the result of the increase in the degradation of natural resources. In view of this scenario, instruments were created with the aim of reducing the environmental impacts resulting from human action. Among these tools, environmental licensing was created with the aim of protecting natural spaces from the advance of potentially polluting activities. Within the environmental licensing process, the defense of decentralization has been gaining more and more ground. Supported by legislation, the decentralization of licensing through municipalization is defended by means of the argument that it is the municipalities and their inhabitants who suffer directly from the socio-environmental impacts caused by the projects that require licensing. Thus, the present work aimed to analyze the various aspects of the process of municipalization of environmental licensing in the municipality of Ubá, Minas Gerais. The work was developed based on a case study in the municipality of Ubá, using the following methods: bibliographic and documentary review, in addition to the analysis of legislation and procedures. The study presented how the environmental licensing process was implemented and the procedures implemented in the municipality were characterized. In addition, the processes closed since the year of implementation of municipalization until 2023 were quantified, totaling 85 processes between decisions for approval, rejection and archiving. The available opinions were evaluated, verifying that all environmental aspects common to the licensed activities were verified. As a result, weaknesses were highlighted, such as slowness in analyses, and attributes of excellence, such as impact assessment. Finally, it is concluded that the environmental licensing model in the municipality of Ubá is making substantial progress. Keywords: environment; environmental legislation; environmental impacts.
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Citation
GRAVINA, Talita Teixeira da Costa. Descentralização de licenciamento ambiental: um estudo de caso do município de Ubá-MG. 2024. 115 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Geografia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2024.
