A autoformação integrada à educação especial: um estudo de processos vividos por professores do atendimento educacional especializado na educação básica
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
A autoformação é parte fundamental do processo educativo, permitindo-nos adquirir competências necessárias para transformar a prática pedagógica, quando necessário, contribuindo, assim, para o nosso ambiente de trabalho. Ao refletirem sobre a autoformação na educação especial, os docentes têm a oportunidade de desenvolver novos conhecimentos, estratégias e aprimorar suas habilidades, promovendo uma educação mais inclusiva e de qualidade, que respeite as necessidades de cada estudante. Essa pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar os processos de autoformação vivenciados por professoras da educação básica que atuam na modalidade de ensino da educação especial e as contribuições desse processo para a sua prática docente e o seu desenvolvimento profissional. Para entender melhor o processo da autoformação, foi realizado um estado da arte, utilizando como descritores as palavras “autoformação” e “educação especial”, no qual pudemos observar a ausência de trabalhos voltados para a autoformação de professores(as) que trabalham com esse público. As questões que orientaram a pesquisa foram: Quais processos de autoformação as professoras que atuam na educação especial têm vivenciado? Que fatores desencadeiam tais processos e quais as contribuições para as suas práticas docentes e para o seu desenvolvimento profissional? Trata-se de uma pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa, na qual foi utilizado um questionário, contendo perguntas abertas e de múltipla escolha, além de entrevista narrativa para a produção dos dados. As participantes da pesquisa foram professoras do Atendimento Educacional Especializado (AEE), que trabalham diretamente com os alunos público-alvo da educação especial. Para tanto, definimos como lócus de pesquisa uma escola da rede estadual de ensino de Minas Gerais, reconhecida por ser referência no AEE. Para respaldar teoricamente esta pesquisa os(as) principais autores(as) que estudam a formação de professores, a autoformação e a educação especial utilizados(as) na pesquisa foram: Shulman (2019); Mantoan (2015); Nóvoa (2002); Perrenoud (2000); Pineau (1988); Josso (2004); Gatti (2019); García (1999), dentre outros(as). Quanto aos resultados da pesquisa, destacamos: sobre os aspectos da formação continuada e da autoformação, as professoras revelaram que há pouco espaço para discussão sobre esses temas na escola, principalmente na área da educação especial. Mesmo usufruindo de pouco tempo, as professoras ainda afirmaram que conseguem se comprometer com o estudo, o que revela uma prática pautada na responsabilidade e dedicação, sempre pensando no desenvolvimento e bem-estar dos(as) estudantes. Quanto à motivação, à mobilização, ao investimento e às contribuições para a carreira docente, as professoras consideraram que motivação e mobilização caminham lado a lado, e que, na maioria das vezes, investem em formações com recursos próprios. Mencionaram a importância de estarem atualizadas com os estudos, contribuindo assim com a sua prática pedagógica. E por fim, sobre os fatores que desencadeiam a busca pela autoformação, as professoras relataram que são diversos. Acrescentaram que estão sempre dispostas a buscarem por processos de autoformação no intuito de fortalecerem sua identidade profissional e de se manterem atualizadas diante das transformações no contexto escolar. Diante dos resultados apresentados, consideramos que a pesquisa possa trazer contribuições efetivas à compreensão da autoformação integrada à educação especial. E, ainda elucidando os seus avanços, perspectivas e desafios, consideramos que a pesquisa reflete, o compromisso, a autonomia e a maneira criativa das docentes atuarem, na construção de uma escola inclusiva. Palavras-chave: Autoformação; Educação Especial; Inclusão.
Self-formation is a fundamental part of the educational process, as it enables teachers to acquire the competencies needed to transform pedagogical practice when necessary, thereby contributing to their work environment. When reflecting on self-formation in special education, teachers have the opportunity to develop new knowledge and strategies and to improve their skills, fostering a more inclusive, high- quality education that respects each student’s needs. This study aimed to analyze the processes of self-formation experienced by basic education teachers working in the field of special education, as well as the contributions of this process to their teaching practice and professional development. To gain a deeper understanding of the process of self-formation, a state-of-the-art review was conducted using the search terms “self-formation” and “special education”. This review revealed a lack of studies focused on the self-formation of teachers who work with this population. The research was guided by the following questions: What processes of self-formation have teachers working in special education experienced? What factors trigger these processes, and what contributions do they make to teachers’ pedagogical practices and professional development? This is a qualitative study in which data were produced through a questionnaire containing open-ended and multiple-choice questions, as well as through narrative interviews. The research participants were teachers from Specialized Educational Support (AEE), who work directly with students eligible for special education services. The research site was a public state school in Minas Gerais, recognized as a reference institution in Specialized Educational Support. The theoretical framework of this study was supported by key authors in the fields of teacher education, self-formation, and special education, including Shulman (2019), Mantoan (2015), Nóvoa (2002), Perrenoud (2000), Pineau (1988), Josso (2004), Gatti (2019), García (1999), among others. Regarding the research findings, the study highlights that, in relation to continuing education and self-formation, the teachers reported that there is limited space for discussing these topics within the school, especially in the field of special education. Despite having limited time available, the teachers stated that they remain committed to studying, which reveals a practice grounded in responsibility and dedication, always focused on students’ development and well-being. With regard to motivation, mobilization, investment, and contributions to the teaching career, the teachers considered motivation and mobilization to be closely interconnected. They also reported that, in most cases, they invest in professional development using their own financial resources. They emphasized the importance of keeping up to date with current studies, as this contributes to their pedagogical practice. Finally, concerning the factors that trigger the search for self-formation, the teachers reported that these factors are diverse. They added that they are always willing to engage in processes of self-formation in order to strengthen their professional identity and remain up to date in the face of transformations in the school context. Based on the results presented, this study may offer meaningful contributions to the understanding of self-formation as integrated into special education. Furthermore, by elucidating its advances, perspectives, and challenges, the study reflects the teachers’ commitment, autonomy, and creative ways of acting in the construction of an inclusive school. Keywords: Self-formation;; Special Education; Inclusion.
Self-formation is a fundamental part of the educational process, as it enables teachers to acquire the competencies needed to transform pedagogical practice when necessary, thereby contributing to their work environment. When reflecting on self-formation in special education, teachers have the opportunity to develop new knowledge and strategies and to improve their skills, fostering a more inclusive, high- quality education that respects each student’s needs. This study aimed to analyze the processes of self-formation experienced by basic education teachers working in the field of special education, as well as the contributions of this process to their teaching practice and professional development. To gain a deeper understanding of the process of self-formation, a state-of-the-art review was conducted using the search terms “self-formation” and “special education”. This review revealed a lack of studies focused on the self-formation of teachers who work with this population. The research was guided by the following questions: What processes of self-formation have teachers working in special education experienced? What factors trigger these processes, and what contributions do they make to teachers’ pedagogical practices and professional development? This is a qualitative study in which data were produced through a questionnaire containing open-ended and multiple-choice questions, as well as through narrative interviews. The research participants were teachers from Specialized Educational Support (AEE), who work directly with students eligible for special education services. The research site was a public state school in Minas Gerais, recognized as a reference institution in Specialized Educational Support. The theoretical framework of this study was supported by key authors in the fields of teacher education, self-formation, and special education, including Shulman (2019), Mantoan (2015), Nóvoa (2002), Perrenoud (2000), Pineau (1988), Josso (2004), Gatti (2019), García (1999), among others. Regarding the research findings, the study highlights that, in relation to continuing education and self-formation, the teachers reported that there is limited space for discussing these topics within the school, especially in the field of special education. Despite having limited time available, the teachers stated that they remain committed to studying, which reveals a practice grounded in responsibility and dedication, always focused on students’ development and well-being. With regard to motivation, mobilization, investment, and contributions to the teaching career, the teachers considered motivation and mobilization to be closely interconnected. They also reported that, in most cases, they invest in professional development using their own financial resources. They emphasized the importance of keeping up to date with current studies, as this contributes to their pedagogical practice. Finally, concerning the factors that trigger the search for self-formation, the teachers reported that these factors are diverse. They added that they are always willing to engage in processes of self-formation in order to strengthen their professional identity and remain up to date in the face of transformations in the school context. Based on the results presented, this study may offer meaningful contributions to the understanding of self-formation as integrated into special education. Furthermore, by elucidating its advances, perspectives, and challenges, the study reflects the teachers’ commitment, autonomy, and creative ways of acting in the construction of an inclusive school. Keywords: Self-formation;; Special Education; Inclusion.
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JESUS, Naihara Peterli de. A autoformação integrada à educação especial: um estudo de processos vividos por professores do atendimento educacional especializado na educação básica. 2026. 129 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Educação) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2026.
