Aspectos motivacionais da prática regular de atividade física consoante características individuais em adolescentes de Viçosa-MG
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2024-02-20
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
Apesar do acesso à informação sobre Atividade Física (AF) e saúde na era digital, e da existência de inúmeros programas que incentivam a Prática Regular de Atividades Físicas (PRAF), os índices mundiais de inatividade física entre adolescentes ainda são alarmantes, ultrapassando 80%. Para enfrentar essa questão, é necessário compreender os fatores que contribuem para a inatividade física nesse grupo, incluindo aspectos biopsicossociais e motivacionais. Compreender esses aspectos pode ser a chave para identificar os fatores mais eficazes na promoção e manutenção do engajamento dos adolescentes na PRAF. Assim, o objetivo do estudo foi investigar os aspectos motivacionais para a PRAF, considerando as características individuais de adolescentes praticantes regulares de AF de Viçosa-MG. A pesquisa, envolveu 560 adolescentes de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 15 e 19 anos, regularmente matriculados no ensino médio de 10 escolas (7 públicas e 3 privadas). Foram utilizados questionários para obter dados de caracterização da amostra, dimensões e regulações motivacionais, além de serem realizadas avaliações antropométricas, para auxiliar na identificação do estado nutricional dos indivíduos. A pesquisa foi dividida em dois artigos originais, ambos com análise inferencial. Após análise de normalidade dos dados, foram utilizados os testes estatísticos U – Mann Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis com post hoc de Dunn e a Correlação de Spearman. O nível de significância adotado foi de α=5%. No primeiro artigo, observou-se que 36,6% dos adolescentes foram categorizados como insuficientemente ativos, apesar de serem praticantes regulares de AF. Além disso, 73,6% foram classificados como eutróficos. Houve diferenças nas preferências de AF entre os sexos, com os rapazes praticando uma variedade maior de modalidades de AF. Em relação à quantidade de tipos de AF praticadas, houve equidade entre os sexos, com a maioria praticando principalmente um tipo de AF, geralmente em ambientes fechados. As dimensões Prazer (PR), Saúde (SA) e Estética (ES) foram as mais importantes para a PRAF, enquanto a Competitividade (CO) foi a menos relevante, independentemente das características individuais. No segundo artigo, as correlações entre as regulações motivacionais apresentaram padrões diferentes conforme cada característica individual. As moças apresentaram correlações mais fortes entre as regulações mais autônomas, destacando a autonomia e a internalização do comportamento a PRAF. A amotivação correlacionou-se negativamente com regulações mais autônomas entre os sexos. Nos grupos etários, os rapazes apresentaram um padrão correlacional parecido, com diferença apenas na força de correlação entre a regulação externa e introjetada. As moças mais jovens apresentaram correlações e magnitudes maiores do que as mais velhas, particularmente entre amotivação e as demais regulações. Descobertas recentes destacam a importância de considerar grupos etários e regulações motivacionais específicas ao incentivar a PRAF entre adolescentes de acordo com suas características individuais. Além disso, os resultados indicam que a motivação para a PRAF varia conforme o estado nutricional em cada sexo, reforçando a necessidade de estratégias personalizadas para minimizar a evasão da AF regular e incentivando comportamentos motivados mais autônomos na PRAF entre adolescentes. Palavras-chave: Atividade física. Motivação. Adolescente. Faixa etária. Sexo. Estado nutricional.
Despite access to information about Physical Activity (PA) and health in the digital age, and the existence of numerous programs that encourage the Regular Practice of Physical Activities (RPPA), global rates of physical inactivity among adolescents are still alarming, exceeding 80%. To address this issue, it is necessary to understand the factors that contribute to physical inactivity in this group, including biopsychosocial and motivational aspects. Understanding these aspects may be key to identifying the most effective factors in promoting and maintaining adolescents’ engagement in RPPA. Thus, the aim of the study was to investigate the motivational aspects for RPPA, considering the individual characteristics of adolescents who are regular PA practitioners in Viçosa-MG. The research involved 560 adolescents of both sexes, aged between 15 and 19 years, regularly enrolled in high school in 10 schools (7 public and 3 private). Questionnaires were used to obtain data on sample characterization, motivational dimensions and regulations, and anthropometric assessments were carried out to help identify the nutritional status of individuals. The research was divided into two original articles, both with inferential analysis. After normality analysis of the data, the statistical tests U – Mann Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn’s post hoc, and Spearman’s Correlation were used. The significance level adopted was α=5%. In the first article, it was observed that 36.6% of the adolescents were categorized as insufficiently active, despite being regular PA practitioners. Additionally, 73.6% were classified as eutrophic. There were differences in PA preferences between sexes, with boys practicing a greater variety of PA modalities. Regarding the number of types of PA practiced, there was equity between sexes, with most practicing mainly one type of PA, usually indoors. The dimensions Pleasure (PL), Health (HE), and Aesthetics (AE) were the most important for RPPA, while Competitiveness (CO) was the least relevant, regardless of individual characteristics. In the second article, correlations between motivational regulations showed different patterns according to each individual characteristic. Girls showed stronger correlations between more autonomous regulations, highlighting autonomy and the internalization of behavior towards RPPA. Amotivation was negatively correlated with more autonomous regulations between sexes. In age groups, boys showed a similar correlational pattern, with only a difference in the strength of correlation between external and introjected regulation. Younger girls showed higher correlations and magnitudes than older ones, particularly between amotivation and other regulations. Recent findings highlight the importance of considering age groups and specific motivational regulations when encouraging RPPA among adolescents according to their individual characteristics. Additionally, the results indicate that motivation for RPPA varies according to nutritional status in each sex, reinforcing the need for personalized strategies to minimize dropout from regular PA and encouraging more autonomous motivated behaviors in RPPA among adolescents. Keywords: Physical activity. Motivation. Adolescent. Age group. Sex. Nutritional status.
Despite access to information about Physical Activity (PA) and health in the digital age, and the existence of numerous programs that encourage the Regular Practice of Physical Activities (RPPA), global rates of physical inactivity among adolescents are still alarming, exceeding 80%. To address this issue, it is necessary to understand the factors that contribute to physical inactivity in this group, including biopsychosocial and motivational aspects. Understanding these aspects may be key to identifying the most effective factors in promoting and maintaining adolescents’ engagement in RPPA. Thus, the aim of the study was to investigate the motivational aspects for RPPA, considering the individual characteristics of adolescents who are regular PA practitioners in Viçosa-MG. The research involved 560 adolescents of both sexes, aged between 15 and 19 years, regularly enrolled in high school in 10 schools (7 public and 3 private). Questionnaires were used to obtain data on sample characterization, motivational dimensions and regulations, and anthropometric assessments were carried out to help identify the nutritional status of individuals. The research was divided into two original articles, both with inferential analysis. After normality analysis of the data, the statistical tests U – Mann Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn’s post hoc, and Spearman’s Correlation were used. The significance level adopted was α=5%. In the first article, it was observed that 36.6% of the adolescents were categorized as insufficiently active, despite being regular PA practitioners. Additionally, 73.6% were classified as eutrophic. There were differences in PA preferences between sexes, with boys practicing a greater variety of PA modalities. Regarding the number of types of PA practiced, there was equity between sexes, with most practicing mainly one type of PA, usually indoors. The dimensions Pleasure (PL), Health (HE), and Aesthetics (AE) were the most important for RPPA, while Competitiveness (CO) was the least relevant, regardless of individual characteristics. In the second article, correlations between motivational regulations showed different patterns according to each individual characteristic. Girls showed stronger correlations between more autonomous regulations, highlighting autonomy and the internalization of behavior towards RPPA. Amotivation was negatively correlated with more autonomous regulations between sexes. In age groups, boys showed a similar correlational pattern, with only a difference in the strength of correlation between external and introjected regulation. Younger girls showed higher correlations and magnitudes than older ones, particularly between amotivation and other regulations. Recent findings highlight the importance of considering age groups and specific motivational regulations when encouraging RPPA among adolescents according to their individual characteristics. Additionally, the results indicate that motivation for RPPA varies according to nutritional status in each sex, reinforcing the need for personalized strategies to minimize dropout from regular PA and encouraging more autonomous motivated behaviors in RPPA among adolescents. Keywords: Physical activity. Motivation. Adolescent. Age group. Sex. Nutritional status.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Exercícios físicos - Viçosa (MG) - Aspectos psicológicos, Motivação (Psicologia), Hábitos de saúde em adolescentes - Viçosa (MG)
Citação
MORAIS, Gleison Silva. Aspectos motivacionais da prática regular de atividade física consoante características individuais em adolescentes de Viçosa-MG. 2024. 170 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Educação Física) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2024.