O conservadorismo e as políticas educacionais no ensino superior brasileiro
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
Nesta pesquisa, entende-se o conservadorismo como um fenômeno político e social que causa na sociedade o medo ou o receio do novo ou do desconhecido, desconfiança com relação à mudança, supervalorização de normas morais, hierarquias, instituições e comportamentos considerados tradicionais. Seu recrudescimento é apontado como um movimento global que tem influenciado as agendas políticas de diversos países, especialmente do Brasil, materializando-se de diferentes formas no campo educacional. Nesse contexto, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo geral compreender como o conservadorismo tem influenciado a condução de políticas educacionais do ensino superior no Brasil. Especificamente, buscou-se: i) identificar como a literatura têm abordado o conservadorismo e suas interfaces com as políticas educacionais brasileiras; ii) investigar a percepção de discentes, docentes e técnicos administrativos de Instituições de Ensino Superior brasileiras sobre os possíveis efeitos do conservadorismo nas políticas educacionais dentro do contexto universitário; e iii) compreender as ações e políticas desenvolvidas pelas instituições governamentais voltadas à educação superior no Brasil e sua interconexão com o movimento conservador. Como metodologia, para o primeiro objetivo específico, realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura. Para o segundo, a partir da aplicação de um questionário em nível nacional para levantar a percepção de discentes, docentes e técnicos-administrativos de distintas instituições de ensino superior, utilizou-se das técnicas: Análise de Componentes Principais, análise exploratória, descritiva e gráfica, com o suporte conceitual da Teoria das Identidades Sociais. Para o terceiro, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com atores sociais e políticos envolvidos com a temática da educação no Brasil, analisadas por meio da Análise do Discurso e da Teoria das Coalizões de Defesa. Como resultados, a literatura sobre conservadorismo e as políticas educacionais apontam que este tem se materializado no lócus educacional com a proposição de iniciativas como o Programa das Escolas Cívico Militares, o Projeto Escola Sem Partido, e projetos de Lei que proíbem a discussão sobre gênero e sexualidade no ambiente escolar sob uma perspectiva religiosa. Quanto à percepção dos agentes educacionais sobre os possíveis efeitos do conservadorismo no ambiente universitário, averiguou-se que essa percepção é fortemente influenciada por atributos e marcadores sociais. Nesse sentido, mulheres e pessoas do grupo LGBTQIA+ apresentam menor tendência conservadora, ao passo que percebem mais fortemente o conservadorismo, e indicam sofrer mais com o preconceito e discriminação, e são os que menos acreditam que práticas conservadoras possam ser benéficas para o ambiente universitário. Por fim, a perspectiva de gestores públicos e atores políticos revelou que o subsistema da educação superior é um campo de disputa entre coalizões progressistas e conservadoras, que disputam projetos distintos de sociedade, universidade e democracia, em que o conservadorismo atua estrategicamente por meio do estrangulamento orçamentário, disseminação de pânico moral e notícias falsas para deslegitimar pautas identitárias e ferir a autonomia universitária. Além disso, observou-se que categorias como “doutrinação ideológica” e “ideologia de gênero” operam como instrumentos discursivos utilizados para pressionar instituições educacionais e restringir debates relacionados à diversidade e aos direitos sociais. Embora as IEs permaneçam como espaços de resistência e resiliência, o conservadorismo ameaça a função social dessas instituições e tem promovido retrocessos nas políticas educacionais brasileiras. Conclui-se que a intensificação dessas disputas ideológicas no ensino superior pode comprometer princípios democráticos fundamentais, especialmente aqueles relacionados à inclusão, liberdade acadêmica, pluralismo e democratização do acesso à educação superior. Palavras-chave: políticas públicas; educação; ensino superior; conservadorismo
In this study, conservatism is understood as a political and social phenomenon characterized by distrust of change and the overvaluation of moral norms, hierarchies, institutions, and behaviors regarded as traditional. Its resurgence has been identified as a global movement influencing political agendas in several countries, particularly Brazil, materializing in different ways within education. In this context, this research aimed to understand how conservatism has influenced higher education policies in Brazil. Specifically, the study sought to: (i) identify how the literature addresses conservatism and its interfaces with Brazilian educational policies; (ii) investigate the perceptions of students, faculty members, and administrative staff regarding the effects of conservatism within universities; and (iii) understand the relationship between governmental higher education policies and the conservative movement. Methodologically, the study combined a systematic literature review, a nationwide survey analyzed through Principal Component Analysis and exploratory and descriptive techniques supported by Social Identity Theory, and semi-structured interviews examined through Discourse Analysis and the Advocacy Coalition Framework. The findings indicate that conservatism has materialized in education through initiatives such as the Civic-Military Schools Program, the School Without Party Project, and legislative proposals restricting discussions on gender and sexuality in schools from a religious perspective. Regarding perceptions within universities, the results showed that they are strongly influenced by social attributes and markers. Women and LGBTQIA+ individuals exhibited lower conservative tendencies, perceived conservatism more strongly, reported higher levels of prejudice and discrimination, and were less likely to believe that conservative practices benefit the university environment. The perspectives of public managers and political actors revealed that higher education constitutes a field of dispute between progressive and conservative coalitions competing over distinct projects of society, university, and democracy. In this context, conservatism operates strategically through budgetary constraints, moral panic, and fake news to delegitimize identity-related agendas and undermine university autonomy. Furthermore, categories such as “ideological indoctrination” and “gender ideology” function as discursive instruments used to pressure educational institutions and restrict debates related to diversity and social rights. Although Higher Education Institutions remain spaces of resistance and resilience, conservatism threatens their social role and has contributed to setbacks in Brazilian educational policies. The intensification of these ideological disputes may compromise democratic principles related to inclusion, academic freedom, pluralism, and the democratization of access to higher education. Keywords: public policies; education; higher education; conservatism
In this study, conservatism is understood as a political and social phenomenon characterized by distrust of change and the overvaluation of moral norms, hierarchies, institutions, and behaviors regarded as traditional. Its resurgence has been identified as a global movement influencing political agendas in several countries, particularly Brazil, materializing in different ways within education. In this context, this research aimed to understand how conservatism has influenced higher education policies in Brazil. Specifically, the study sought to: (i) identify how the literature addresses conservatism and its interfaces with Brazilian educational policies; (ii) investigate the perceptions of students, faculty members, and administrative staff regarding the effects of conservatism within universities; and (iii) understand the relationship between governmental higher education policies and the conservative movement. Methodologically, the study combined a systematic literature review, a nationwide survey analyzed through Principal Component Analysis and exploratory and descriptive techniques supported by Social Identity Theory, and semi-structured interviews examined through Discourse Analysis and the Advocacy Coalition Framework. The findings indicate that conservatism has materialized in education through initiatives such as the Civic-Military Schools Program, the School Without Party Project, and legislative proposals restricting discussions on gender and sexuality in schools from a religious perspective. Regarding perceptions within universities, the results showed that they are strongly influenced by social attributes and markers. Women and LGBTQIA+ individuals exhibited lower conservative tendencies, perceived conservatism more strongly, reported higher levels of prejudice and discrimination, and were less likely to believe that conservative practices benefit the university environment. The perspectives of public managers and political actors revealed that higher education constitutes a field of dispute between progressive and conservative coalitions competing over distinct projects of society, university, and democracy. In this context, conservatism operates strategically through budgetary constraints, moral panic, and fake news to delegitimize identity-related agendas and undermine university autonomy. Furthermore, categories such as “ideological indoctrination” and “gender ideology” function as discursive instruments used to pressure educational institutions and restrict debates related to diversity and social rights. Although Higher Education Institutions remain spaces of resistance and resilience, conservatism threatens their social role and has contributed to setbacks in Brazilian educational policies. The intensification of these ideological disputes may compromise democratic principles related to inclusion, academic freedom, pluralism, and the democratization of access to higher education. Keywords: public policies; education; higher education; conservatism
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SOUSA JÚNIOR, Carlos Augusto Alves de. O conservadorismo e as políticas educacionais no ensino superior brasileiro. 2026. 133 f. Tese (Doutorado em Administração) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2026.
