Reconhecimento de padrões sonoros por plantas: um estudo da resposta de Impatiens walleriana ao canto de Quesada gigas
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Data
2013-07-22
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
O som é um estímulo ambiental que pode ser detectado pelas plantas, influenciando seu comportamento, contudo, ainda não compreendemos quais são as implicações ecológicas das respostas vegetais ao som. Este trabalho teve por objetivo: (i) avaliar uma nova abordagem metodológica para estudos envolvendo efeitos sonoros em plantas e (ii) testar se sons emitidos por insetos podem ser utilizados pelas plantas como elementos acessórios para detectar condições e recursos ambientais, estimulando respostas fisiológicas sincronizadas. Para tanto, foram construídas dez câmaras com isolamento acústico para condução de três experimentos em condições semicontroladas de laboratório, com plantas de Impatiens walleriana divididas em tratamentos sonoros, expostos ao som por duas horas diárias, e tratamentos sem exposição ao som. No primeiro experimento, sementes foram submetidas ao som das cigarras por 16 dias, sendo avaliados padrões de germinação e desenvolvimento inicial. No segundo, plantas foram submetidas ao som das cigarras por dez dias, sendo analisados os efeitos do som nas trocas gasosas. E no último experimento, plantas foram expostas ao som das cigarras misturado, com o padrão sonoro desorganizado, por dez dias, sendo também avaliado seus efeitos nas trocas gasosas. Não foram verificadas diferenças significativas nos padrões germinativos e de desenvolvimento inicial das sementes expostas ao som das cigarras quando comparadas com o controle. Por outro lado, foi registrado um aumento significativo na Taxa Fotossintética nas plantas expostas ao som das cigarras, com redução na Relação Carbono interno/Carbono externo (Ci/Ca). Enquanto no tratamento exposto ao som das cigarras misturado foi verificada uma redução significativa na Taxa Fotossintética, sem alterações na Relação Ci/Ca. A metodologia proposta se mostrou eficaz para condução de experimentos avaliando o efeito de sons em plantas. Os resultados experimentais indicam que a influência do som das cigarras em I. walleriana dependem do estágio de desenvolvimento das plantas. Além disso, os dados de trocas gasosas sugerem que plantas podem reconhecer o som das cigarras como uma informação ambiental, uma vez que este som estimulou a atividade fotossintética, enquanto o som das cigarras desorganizado gerou uma resposta fisiológica inversa. A capacidade de perceber sons pode ser evolutivamente fixada entre as plantas, sendo o processo de percepção do som ambiental, assimilação da mensagem acústica e disparo de respostas fisiológicas um mecanismo complexo com um significado ecológico em termos de integração das plantas com o ambiente que as rodeia.
Sound is an environmental stimulus that can be detected by plants, affecting their behavior. However, we still do not understand what are the ecological implications of plant responses to the sound. This search aimed: (i) to evaluate a new methodological approach for studies involving sound effects in plants and (ii) to test whether sounds emitted by insects may be used by plants as accessory elements to detect environmental conditions and resources, stimulating physiological responses synchronized. Ten chambers with acoustic isolation were constructed to conduct three experiments in semi-controlled conditions in laboratory with plants of Impatiens walleriana, divided into sound treatments exposed to the sound for two hours daily and treatments without sound exposure. In the first experiment, seeds were exposed to the sound of cicadas for 16 days and patterns of germination and initial development were evaluated. In the second, plants were subjected to the sound of cicadas for ten days and the effects of sound in gas exchange were analyzed. And in the last experiment, plants were exposed to the mixed sound of cicadas with the sound pattern disorganized for ten days and the effects in gas exchange were also evaluated. Compared to the control no significant differences in the patterns of germination and initial development of seeds exposed to the sound of cicadas were observed. Significant increases in the Photosynthetic Rate in plants exposed to the sound of cicadas were observed, followed by a reduction in Inner carbon/Outer carbon Ratio (Ci / Ca). On the other hand, plants exposed to the mixed sound of cicadas demonstrated a significant reduction in Photosynthetic Rate without changes in Ci/Ca Ratio. The methodological approach was efficient to conduct experiments evaluating the effect of sounds in plants. The experimental results indicate that the influence of the sound of cicadas in I. walleriana depends on the stage of plant development. Furthermore, gas exchange data suggests that plants can recognize the sound of cicadas as environmental information, since this sound stimulated photosynthetic activity while the mixed sound of cicadas generated a reversed physiological response. The ability to perceive sounds can be evolutionarily fixed among plants and the perception of environmental sounds, the assimilation of acoustic message and the trigger of physiological responses may be complex with an ecological significance in terms of integration of plants with the environment.
Sound is an environmental stimulus that can be detected by plants, affecting their behavior. However, we still do not understand what are the ecological implications of plant responses to the sound. This search aimed: (i) to evaluate a new methodological approach for studies involving sound effects in plants and (ii) to test whether sounds emitted by insects may be used by plants as accessory elements to detect environmental conditions and resources, stimulating physiological responses synchronized. Ten chambers with acoustic isolation were constructed to conduct three experiments in semi-controlled conditions in laboratory with plants of Impatiens walleriana, divided into sound treatments exposed to the sound for two hours daily and treatments without sound exposure. In the first experiment, seeds were exposed to the sound of cicadas for 16 days and patterns of germination and initial development were evaluated. In the second, plants were subjected to the sound of cicadas for ten days and the effects of sound in gas exchange were analyzed. And in the last experiment, plants were exposed to the mixed sound of cicadas with the sound pattern disorganized for ten days and the effects in gas exchange were also evaluated. Compared to the control no significant differences in the patterns of germination and initial development of seeds exposed to the sound of cicadas were observed. Significant increases in the Photosynthetic Rate in plants exposed to the sound of cicadas were observed, followed by a reduction in Inner carbon/Outer carbon Ratio (Ci / Ca). On the other hand, plants exposed to the mixed sound of cicadas demonstrated a significant reduction in Photosynthetic Rate without changes in Ci/Ca Ratio. The methodological approach was efficient to conduct experiments evaluating the effect of sounds in plants. The experimental results indicate that the influence of the sound of cicadas in I. walleriana depends on the stage of plant development. Furthermore, gas exchange data suggests that plants can recognize the sound of cicadas as environmental information, since this sound stimulated photosynthetic activity while the mixed sound of cicadas generated a reversed physiological response. The ability to perceive sounds can be evolutionarily fixed among plants and the perception of environmental sounds, the assimilation of acoustic message and the trigger of physiological responses may be complex with an ecological significance in terms of integration of plants with the environment.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Coevolução inseto-planta, Bioacústica, Informação biofísica, Comunicação em plantas, Isolamento acústico, Insect-plant coevolution, Bioacoustics, Biophysics Information, Communication in plants, Acoustic insulation,
Citação
CYPRIANO, Raphael Jonas. Recognition of sound patterns by plants: a study of the response of Impatiens walleriana to the singing of Quesada gigas. 2013. 66 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ecologia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2013.