Estudando sobre os números racionais no ensino fundamental
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
O Ensino da Matemática, de acordo com a realidade brasileira, requer uma atenção especial aos conteúdos básicos. Segundo Boulos (2001), “[...]a compreensão de determinadas disciplinas fica prejudicada pela falta de conhecimentos básicos[...]”. Considerando essa idéia, buscou-se, neste trabalho, abordar o estudo dos números racionais no ensino fundamental, destacando, numa linguagem simples, a definição, as operações de soma, subtração, multiplicação e divisão e suas propriedades. Para tanto, o trabalho foi organizado e elaborado em etapas: aplicação de um questionário-diagnóstico a alunos do 5º ano; apresentação dos resultados obtidos; promo ̧cão de oficina de números racionais, por meio do software Geogebra; análise dos resultados da oficina; entrevistas semi-estruturadas com professores de Matemática e sua análise; exposição da abordagem do conjunto dos números racionais em seis livros didáticos e as considerações finais.
The teaching of mathematics, according to the Brazilian reality, requires special attention to the basic contents. According to Boulos (2001) , “[...]the comprehension of certain disciplines is hindered by the lack of basic knowledge[...]”. Considering this idea, this work seeks to approach the study of rational numbers in elementary school, highlighting, in a simple language, the definition of the rational numbers, adding, subtracting, multiplying, dividing and their proprieties. The work has been developed through the stages: an application of a diagnostic-questionnaire on 5th grade students; study of the results; a Workshop of rational numbers, utilizing the Geogebra software; analysis of the results after the application of the workshop; a simple interview with math teachers, about teaching of rational numbers; exposition of the way in which the set of rational numbers is presented in learning books; and final considerations.
The teaching of mathematics, according to the Brazilian reality, requires special attention to the basic contents. According to Boulos (2001) , “[...]the comprehension of certain disciplines is hindered by the lack of basic knowledge[...]”. Considering this idea, this work seeks to approach the study of rational numbers in elementary school, highlighting, in a simple language, the definition of the rational numbers, adding, subtracting, multiplying, dividing and their proprieties. The work has been developed through the stages: an application of a diagnostic-questionnaire on 5th grade students; study of the results; a Workshop of rational numbers, utilizing the Geogebra software; analysis of the results after the application of the workshop; a simple interview with math teachers, about teaching of rational numbers; exposition of the way in which the set of rational numbers is presented in learning books; and final considerations.
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MARCELINO, Alcione Ludgério. Estudando sobre os números racionais no ensino fundamental. 2018. 50 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Matemática) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Florestal. 2018.
