A química medicinal como ferramenta didática interdisciplinar no ensino de Química
Data
2023-12-07
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
O desenvolvimento educacional brasileiro foi tardio originando uma falta de equipamentos e de infraestrutura adequados ao ensino de ciências e química. Contudo as ferramentas educacionais trazidas pelo avanço da tecnologia propiciaram a introdução das chamadas TICs (Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação) em sala de aula, possibilitando aos professores incorporarem em suas aulas metodologias de ensino alternativas e de mais baixo custo vinculadas à equipamentos tecnológicos e a recursos digitais e de multimídia. Neste contexto, ferramentas de cunho didático-pedagógico como oficinas temáticas e materiais paradidáticos podem ser implementadas sem a necessidade de uma estrutura física como um laboratório de química nas escolas. Desta forma, no presente trabalho foi desenvolvido um material paradidático na forma de apostila contendo uma proposta de cinco oficinas educacionais sob a luz da temática Química Medicinal as quais são intituladas: Medicamentos; Proteínas; Vacinas; Exames e Metais; Glicose e Energia. A criação da apostila visa apresentar uma oficina temática conforme Deleicov, com três momentos pedagógicos distintos, a problematização, a organização e a aplicação do conhecimento. Nesta proposta as oficinas temáticas possuem experimentos que são dispostos na apostila na forma de vídeos os quais foram gravados com auxílio de câmeras de celular, editados e disponibilizados no Youtube para visualização, com os respectivos endereços na forma de link ou QRcode. Assim este trabalho buscou trazer ferramentas que auxiliem o processo de ensino- aprendizagem de forma interdisciplinar em Química Medicinal, para apresentar elementos mais interessantes e presentes no dia a dia do aluno, no intuito de incentivá-lo a uma melhor participação na aula, como também a uma maior assimilação do conhecimento proposto. Por exemplo, a oficina de medicamentos traz através de um experimento de titulação ácido-base, uma discussão dos riscos da automedicação. Na segunda oficina é proposto o tema proteínas, macromoléculas que fazem parte da maioria dos processos bioquímicos no organismo, destacando-se o papel da identificação dessas moléculas biológicas em exames rotineiros que visam elucidar o quadro de saúde do indivíduo. A terceira oficina intitulada Vacinas aborda um tema importantíssimo para a saúde coletiva, pois é através de vacinas que conseguimos prevenir diversas doenças virais, e a prática proposta buscou elucidar pontos importantes sobre a segurança e eficácia das vacinas, como também demonstrar o tipo de reação química que ocorre entre anticorpos e antígenos na resposta imune. A oficina sobre o metal bário (Exames e Metais) destaca o uso de metais para o diagnóstico de doenças e o aspecto químico fundamental para todo medicamento, a segurança quanto à sua toxicidade, ou seja, basta uma troca do ânion que compõe o produto para o mesmo poder causar sérios riscos à saúde. Por fim, foi proposta uma oficina que enfatizou a relação entre glicose e energia, abordando o diabetes, doença de alta incidência na população. Portanto as oficinas temáticas com abordagem de temas diversos em Química Medicinal podem trazer discussões pertinentes ao dia a dia dos discentes, tendo potencial de serem usadas para iniciar ou complementar conteúdos do currículo escolar, de uma forma prática e estimulando a reflexão por parte deles. Palavras-chave: Química Medicinal, oficinas temáticas, TICs, apostila.
The Brazilian educational development was late leading to a lack of equipment and infrastructure suitable for teaching sciences and chemistry. However, the educational tools brought by the advancement of technology have promoted the introduction of the so-called ICTs (Information and Communication Technologies) in the classroom, enabling teachers to incorporate in their classes alternative and low cost teaching methodologies linked to technological equipment and digital and multimedia resources. In this context, tools of didactic-pedagogical purpose such as thematic workshops and paradisiac materials can be implemented without the need for a physical structure such as a chemistry laboratory in schools. Thus, in the present work a paradisiac material in the form of apostille was developed containing a proposal of five educational workshops in the light of the theme Medicinal Chemistry which are entitled: Medicines; Proteins; Vaccines; Exams and Metals; Glucose and Energy. The creation of the apostille aims to present a thematic workshop according to Deleicov, with three distinct pedagogical moments, the problematization, the organization and the application of knowledge. In this proposal the thematic workshops have experiments that are arranged on the apostille in the form of videos which were recorded with the help of mobile cameras, edited and made available on Youtube for viewing, with the respective addresses in the shape of a link or QRcode. Thus this work sought to bring tools that assist the teaching-learning process in an interdisciplinary way in Medicinal Chemistry, to present more interesting and present elements in the day-to-day of the student, in order to encourage him to a better participation in the class, as well as to a greater assimilation of the proposed knowledge. For example, the drug workshop brings through an acid-base titration experiment, a discussion of the risks of self-medication. The second workshop proposes the theme proteins, macromolecules that are part of most biochemical processes in the body, highlighting the role of identifying these biological molecules in routine examinations aimed at elucidating the health picture of the individual. The third workshop entitled Vaccines addresses an important topic for collective health, because it is through vaccines that we manage to prevent various viral diseases, and the proposed practice sought to elucidate important points about the safety and effectiveness of vaccins, as well as to demonstrate the type of chemical reaction that occurs between antibodies and antigens in the immune response. The workshop on the barium metal (Exams and Metals) highlights the use of metals for the diagnosis of diseases and the fundamental chemical aspect for any medicine, the safety as to its toxicity, that is, it is enough a replacement of the anion that makes up the product for the same to cause serious health risks. Finally, a workshop was proposed that emphasized the relationship between glucose and energy, addressing diabetes, a disease of high incidence in the population. Thus the thematic workshops with approach to various topics in Medical Chemistry can bring relevant discussions to the day-to-day of the students, having the potential to be used to initiate or complement contents of the school curriculum, in a practical way and stimulating the reflection on their part. Keywords: Medicinal Chemistry, thematic workshops, ICTs, handout.
The Brazilian educational development was late leading to a lack of equipment and infrastructure suitable for teaching sciences and chemistry. However, the educational tools brought by the advancement of technology have promoted the introduction of the so-called ICTs (Information and Communication Technologies) in the classroom, enabling teachers to incorporate in their classes alternative and low cost teaching methodologies linked to technological equipment and digital and multimedia resources. In this context, tools of didactic-pedagogical purpose such as thematic workshops and paradisiac materials can be implemented without the need for a physical structure such as a chemistry laboratory in schools. Thus, in the present work a paradisiac material in the form of apostille was developed containing a proposal of five educational workshops in the light of the theme Medicinal Chemistry which are entitled: Medicines; Proteins; Vaccines; Exams and Metals; Glucose and Energy. The creation of the apostille aims to present a thematic workshop according to Deleicov, with three distinct pedagogical moments, the problematization, the organization and the application of knowledge. In this proposal the thematic workshops have experiments that are arranged on the apostille in the form of videos which were recorded with the help of mobile cameras, edited and made available on Youtube for viewing, with the respective addresses in the shape of a link or QRcode. Thus this work sought to bring tools that assist the teaching-learning process in an interdisciplinary way in Medicinal Chemistry, to present more interesting and present elements in the day-to-day of the student, in order to encourage him to a better participation in the class, as well as to a greater assimilation of the proposed knowledge. For example, the drug workshop brings through an acid-base titration experiment, a discussion of the risks of self-medication. The second workshop proposes the theme proteins, macromolecules that are part of most biochemical processes in the body, highlighting the role of identifying these biological molecules in routine examinations aimed at elucidating the health picture of the individual. The third workshop entitled Vaccines addresses an important topic for collective health, because it is through vaccines that we manage to prevent various viral diseases, and the proposed practice sought to elucidate important points about the safety and effectiveness of vaccins, as well as to demonstrate the type of chemical reaction that occurs between antibodies and antigens in the immune response. The workshop on the barium metal (Exams and Metals) highlights the use of metals for the diagnosis of diseases and the fundamental chemical aspect for any medicine, the safety as to its toxicity, that is, it is enough a replacement of the anion that makes up the product for the same to cause serious health risks. Finally, a workshop was proposed that emphasized the relationship between glucose and energy, addressing diabetes, a disease of high incidence in the population. Thus the thematic workshops with approach to various topics in Medical Chemistry can bring relevant discussions to the day-to-day of the students, having the potential to be used to initiate or complement contents of the school curriculum, in a practical way and stimulating the reflection on their part. Keywords: Medicinal Chemistry, thematic workshops, ICTs, handout.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Química - Estudo e ensino, Tecnologia da informação
Citação
MACHADO, Márcio Vieira. A química medicinal como ferramenta didática interdisciplinar no ensino de Química. 2023. 149 f. Dissertação (Mestrado Profissional em Química em Rede Nacional) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2023.