Comparação de métodos para estimativa de peso, altura e composição corporal de homens adultos
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2006-02-21
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
O estudo teve como objetivo comparar os resultados, da avaliação nutricional, obtidos a partir de medidas antropométricas e de composição corporal em homens adultos. A metodologia empregada foi do tipo transversal, realizado na Divisão de Saúde da Universidade Federal de Viçosa durante os meses de fevereiro a outubro de 2005 e A amostra foi constituída de 98 homens saudáveis com idade entre 20 e 58 anos. A avaliação foi feita pela manhã e recomendou-se aos voluntários, jejum de 10h, não consumir álcool nas 48h anteriores ao teste e não praticar atividade física 12h anteriores ao teste. A avaliação antropométrica incluiu medidas de peso, altura, circunferências e dobras cutâneas. A composição corporal foi avaliada por equações antropométricas preditivas, por meio de interactância de infravermelho próximo (Futrex-5000®), bioimpedância elétrica bipolar (Tanita TBF-531®) e tetrapolar (Biodynamics modelo 310®). Utilizou-se a bioimpedância elétrica tetrapolar como método de referência para comparação com os outros métodos utilizados na avaliação da composição corporal. As estimativas de peso e altura foram obtidas por meio de equações preditivas com base em medidas recumbentes, tais como, altura do joelho, envergadura e semi-envergadura. As análises estatísticas incluíram testes de comparação de médias, correlação, teste de Bland & Altman (1986) e Odds Ratio (OR). Adotou-se como nível de significância estatística o valor de p<0,05. Com relação aos métodos de avaliação da composição corporal constatou-se que os métodos que apresentaram melhor desempenho nas estimativas de gordura corporal foram a equação de Jackson & Pollock (n°2) que utiliza o somatório de 7 dobras cutâneas, idade, circunferência da cintura e do braço e a Tanita TBF-531®. A circunferência da cintura (CC) foi a medida antropométrica que mais se correlacionou com o IMC (r=0,884; p<0,01) e com o percentual de gordura corporal (r=0,779; p<0,01). A sensibilidade do IMC para diagnosticar indivíduos com CC, relação cintura-quadril (RCQ) e percentual de gordura corporal elevados foi 94,4%, 100% e 86,6%, respectivamente. Baixos valores preditivos positivos foram encontrados: 47,2% para CC, 11,1% para RCQ e 36,1% para percentual de gordura corporal. A idade maior ou igual a 30 anos foi fator de risco para sobrepeso [OR=4,13; IC(95%): 1,71 9,95] e obesidade abdominal [OR=3,51; IC(95%): 1,14 10,89]. O peso estimado diferiu significantemente do peso real (p<0,001) apesar da forte correlação (r=0,849; p<0,01). Dos cinco métodos utilizados para estimar a altura, apenas a equação de Chumlea et al. (1994) validada para homens brancos adultos, se mostrou adequada. Tanto a medida de envergadura (r=0,789; d=2,67; p<0,001) quanto a semi- envergadura (r=0,790; d=2,51; p<0,001) resultaram em superestimação da altura. Ao utilizar o peso e a altura estimados por medidas recumbentes no cálculo do IMC verificou-se que a maioria dos valores estimados superestimou o número de indivíduos com baixo peso e eutróficos e subestimaram o sobrepeso, exceto quando a altura foi estimada pelas equações propostas para homens adultos. Conclui-se que a equação validada por Chumlea et al. (1994) em homens brancos adultos foi mais adequada para estimar a altura. Diante dos resultados aqui apresentados, verifica-se a necessidade de mais estudos de validação de medidas antropométricas e de métodos de avaliação da composição corporal em nossa população, já que a maioria das estimativas diferiu significantemente entre métodos freqüentemente utilizados na prática clínica e em estudos populacionais.
The study had as objective to compare the results, of the nutritional evaluation, from anthropometric and body composition measurements in adult men. The study was cross-sectional and conducted at the Division of Health of the Federal University of Viçosa during the months of February and October 2005. The sample it was constituted of 98 healthy men with age between 20 and 58 years. Anthropometric and body composition measurements were performed in the morning after the subjects fasted for at least 10h. All subjects abstained from vigorous exercise for at least 12h and from alcoholic beverage for least 48h. The anthropometric evaluation included measured of weight, height, circumferences and skinfolds. The body composition was evaluated by anthropometry-based equations, near infrared interactance (Futrex-5000®), legto-leg bioelectrical impedance (Tanita Tbf-531®) and tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance (Biodynamics model 310®). Tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance was used as a frame of reference for comparison with the other methods used in the evaluation of the body composition. Indirect estimates of weight and height were calculated using prediction equations based on knee height, arm span, half arm span. Statistical analysis included paired t-test for means, correlation coefficient analysis, test of Bland & Altman (1986) and Odds Ratio (OR). For all analysis, significance level was set at p 0.05. The equation of the Jackson & Pollock that included 7 skinfolds, age, waist and arm circumference and leg-to-leg bioelectrical impedance displayed the highest agreement with tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance. The waist circumference was the index that was correlated more strongly with IMC (r=0,884; p<0,01) and with the percentage fat (r=0,779; p<0,01). The sensitivity of the IMC to identify subjects with waist circumference, waist: hip ratio and percentage fat elevated was 94.4%, 100% and 86.6%, respectively. Positive predictive value was low: 47,2% for waist circumference, 11.1% for waist:hip ratio and 36.1% for percentage fat. Subjects with age higher than 30 years was risk factor for overweight [ OR=4,13; IC(95%): 1,71 - 9,95] and abdominal obesity [OR=3,51; IC(95%): 1,14 - 10,89]. Difference between actual and predicted weight were significant (r=0,849; p<0,01). Of the five used methods to estimate height, only the equation of Chumlea et al. (1994) validated for adult white men was adequate. Arm span (r=0,789; d=2,67; p<0,001) and half arm span (r=0,790; d=2,51; p<0,001) measurement overestimated the actual height. When the IMC was calculated with predicted weight and height by recumbent measurement to overestimate undernutrition and underestimated overweight, except for equations validated men adults. In conclusion, the equation validated by Chumlea et al. (1984) for adult white men was the most adequate to estimate height. Therefore, the results of the present study indicate that more validation studies are needed for our population, whereas the majority of the estimates obtained were significantly different on several methods frequently used in the practical clinic and population studies.
The study had as objective to compare the results, of the nutritional evaluation, from anthropometric and body composition measurements in adult men. The study was cross-sectional and conducted at the Division of Health of the Federal University of Viçosa during the months of February and October 2005. The sample it was constituted of 98 healthy men with age between 20 and 58 years. Anthropometric and body composition measurements were performed in the morning after the subjects fasted for at least 10h. All subjects abstained from vigorous exercise for at least 12h and from alcoholic beverage for least 48h. The anthropometric evaluation included measured of weight, height, circumferences and skinfolds. The body composition was evaluated by anthropometry-based equations, near infrared interactance (Futrex-5000®), legto-leg bioelectrical impedance (Tanita Tbf-531®) and tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance (Biodynamics model 310®). Tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance was used as a frame of reference for comparison with the other methods used in the evaluation of the body composition. Indirect estimates of weight and height were calculated using prediction equations based on knee height, arm span, half arm span. Statistical analysis included paired t-test for means, correlation coefficient analysis, test of Bland & Altman (1986) and Odds Ratio (OR). For all analysis, significance level was set at p 0.05. The equation of the Jackson & Pollock that included 7 skinfolds, age, waist and arm circumference and leg-to-leg bioelectrical impedance displayed the highest agreement with tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance. The waist circumference was the index that was correlated more strongly with IMC (r=0,884; p<0,01) and with the percentage fat (r=0,779; p<0,01). The sensitivity of the IMC to identify subjects with waist circumference, waist: hip ratio and percentage fat elevated was 94.4%, 100% and 86.6%, respectively. Positive predictive value was low: 47,2% for waist circumference, 11.1% for waist:hip ratio and 36.1% for percentage fat. Subjects with age higher than 30 years was risk factor for overweight [ OR=4,13; IC(95%): 1,71 - 9,95] and abdominal obesity [OR=3,51; IC(95%): 1,14 - 10,89]. Difference between actual and predicted weight were significant (r=0,849; p<0,01). Of the five used methods to estimate height, only the equation of Chumlea et al. (1994) validated for adult white men was adequate. Arm span (r=0,789; d=2,67; p<0,001) and half arm span (r=0,790; d=2,51; p<0,001) measurement overestimated the actual height. When the IMC was calculated with predicted weight and height by recumbent measurement to overestimate undernutrition and underestimated overweight, except for equations validated men adults. In conclusion, the equation validated by Chumlea et al. (1984) for adult white men was the most adequate to estimate height. Therefore, the results of the present study indicate that more validation studies are needed for our population, whereas the majority of the estimates obtained were significantly different on several methods frequently used in the practical clinic and population studies.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Composição corporal, Antropometria, Homens, Adultos, Body composition, Anthropometry, Men, Adults
Citação
REZENDE, Fabiane Aparecida Canaan. Comparison of methods for estimates of the weight, height and body composition of the men adults. 2006. 17 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Valor nutricional de alimentos e de dietas; Nutrição nas enfermidades agudas e crônicas não transmis) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2006.