Síntese e estudo da atividade fungicida do avenaciolídeo e de novas bis-lactonas análogas
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Data
2008-02-08
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
A rota sintética utilizada neste trabalho teve como material de partida um carboidrato, a D-glicose. Os carboidratos são muito úteis como precurssores sintéticos, principalmente por possuírem pureza enantiomérica e a presença de muitos grupos funcionais. A partir da D-glicose, várias reações foram realizadas, obtendo-se um total de 30 compostos, sendo 18 deles inéditos. Os compostos finais das diversas rotas sintéticas são (1R,5R,6R)-6-alquil-4-metilideno-2,7- dioxabiciclo[3.3.0]octano-3,8-diona, sendo os grupos alquila: propila [XIIIa], butila [XIIIb], 3-metilbutila [XIIIc] e octila [XIIId]. A bis-lactona [XIIId] é o (-)avenaciolídeo, um produto natural isolado de culturas de Aspergillus avenaceus, que apresenta atividade fungicida. O avenaciolídeo e os análogos sintéticos foram submetidos a ensaios biológicos, nas concentrações de 1000 e 3000 ppm, para a avaliação da atividade fungicida frente ao fungo Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Todos os compostos foram ativos. O avenaciolídeo foi o composto mais ativo, com porcentagens de inibição de 48,5% a 1000 ppm, e 75,9% a 3000 ppm, em relação ao tebuconazol, princípio ativo do fungicida comercial Folicur®. As porcentagens de inibição para os análogos [XIIIa], [XIIIb] e [XIIIc] na concentração de 1000 ppm foram iguais a 31,9%, 32,5% e 34,1%, respectivamente e, a 3000 ppm foram iguais a 44,3%, 64,0% e 60,0%, respectivamente. Esses resultados indicam que a cadeia lateral mais extensa aumenta a atividade dessas bis-lactonas.
The synthetic route used in this present work has as starting material the carbohydrate D-glucose. Carbohydrates are very useful as synthetic precurssors, mainly due to the enantiomeric purity and the presence of many functional groups. From the D-glucose, several reactions were carried out, obtaining a total of 30 compounds, and 18 of them are new compounds. The final compounds of the various synthetic routes are (1R,5R,6R)-6-alkyl-4-methylidene-2,7- dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-ones, and the alkyl groups are: propyl [XIIIa], butyl [XIIIb], 3-methylbutyl [XIIIc] and octyl [XIIId]. The bis-lactone [XIIId] is the natural product (-) venaciolide, which can be isolated from cultures of Aspergillus avenaceus, possessing antifungal activity. The avenaciolide and the synthetic analogues were subjected to biological tests, at concentrations of 1000 and 3000 ppm, for the evaluation of the antifungal activity against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. All compounds were active. Avenaciolide was the most active compound, with percentages of inhibition of 48.5% at 1000 ppm, and 75.9% at 3000 ppm, in relation to tebuconazol, active component of the commercial fungicide Folicur®. The percentage of inhibition for the analogues [XIIIa], [XIIIb] and [XIIIc] at the concentration of 1000 ppm were 31.9%, 32.5% and 34.1%, respectively, and at 3000 ppm were 44.3%, 64.0% and 60.0%, respectively. These results indicate that a longer side chain increases the activity of the bis-lactones.
The synthetic route used in this present work has as starting material the carbohydrate D-glucose. Carbohydrates are very useful as synthetic precurssors, mainly due to the enantiomeric purity and the presence of many functional groups. From the D-glucose, several reactions were carried out, obtaining a total of 30 compounds, and 18 of them are new compounds. The final compounds of the various synthetic routes are (1R,5R,6R)-6-alkyl-4-methylidene-2,7- dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-ones, and the alkyl groups are: propyl [XIIIa], butyl [XIIIb], 3-methylbutyl [XIIIc] and octyl [XIIId]. The bis-lactone [XIIId] is the natural product (-) venaciolide, which can be isolated from cultures of Aspergillus avenaceus, possessing antifungal activity. The avenaciolide and the synthetic analogues were subjected to biological tests, at concentrations of 1000 and 3000 ppm, for the evaluation of the antifungal activity against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. All compounds were active. Avenaciolide was the most active compound, with percentages of inhibition of 48.5% at 1000 ppm, and 75.9% at 3000 ppm, in relation to tebuconazol, active component of the commercial fungicide Folicur®. The percentage of inhibition for the analogues [XIIIa], [XIIIb] and [XIIIc] at the concentration of 1000 ppm were 31.9%, 32.5% and 34.1%, respectively, and at 3000 ppm were 44.3%, 64.0% and 60.0%, respectively. These results indicate that a longer side chain increases the activity of the bis-lactones.
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Palavras-chave
Fungicidas, Síntese de análogos, Avenaciolídeo, Bis-lactonas, Fungicides, Analogues synthesis, Avenaciolide, Bis-lactones
Citação
BARRROS, Pauline Martins de. Synthesis and study of the antifungal activity of avenaciolide and new bis-lactones analogues. 2008. 144 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agroquímica analítica; Agroquímica inorgânica e Físico-química; Agroquímica orgânica) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2008.