Projetos de lei e assistência à pessoa idosa no Brasil: uma discussão inicial sobre a política de cuidado domiciliar
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
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Este estudo refere-se às discussões no que tange às políticas públicas de cuidado para a pessoa idosa. O crescimento da expectativa de vida marca um avanço significativo para a sociedade, mas, ao mesmo tempo, é possível observar a existência de problemas decorrentes da falta de preparação do país para lidar com esse fenômeno. A pesquisa é classificada como qualitativa de cunho exploratório e tem como objetivo geral analisar as discussões sobre as políticas públicas voltadas ao envelhecimento que dizem respeito ao cuidado. E, como objetivos específicos: A) Analisar os principais projetos de leis pautados no cuidado domiciliar para a pessoa idosa, no site da Câmara Legislativa; B) Analisar o atual projeto de lei de 2022 do Senado que discorre sobre a criação da Política Nacional de Cuidados para o envelhecimento; C) Identificar as possíveis lacunas nestes projetos. Utilizou-se o método de Análise Documental complementado pela análise de conteúdo. A análise documental realizada focou-se em projetos de leis que buscavam estabelecer uma iniciativa de cuidado domiciliar para a população idosa no Brasil. A estrutura da dissertação está disposta em três artigos, cada um abordou os objetivos específicos mencionados anteriormente, com as discussões e reflexões correspondentes. A conclusão obtida mediante a análise apresentada no primeiro artigo, apontou que há muitos desafios nas legislações relativas ao cuidado. Questões como o trabalho voluntário não remunerado, evidenciaram que o cuidado ainda pode recair nas famílias, prejudicando especialmente aquelas que não têm condições de arcar com os custos. Existem lacunas, a falta de detalhamento em algumas ações, e percebeu-se que a política ainda se orienta por abordagens voltadas para creches infantis, não contemplando as nuances do envelhecimento. O segundo artigo durante a análise do PL 2797/2022 constatou que há uma complexidade no cuidado, exigindo esforços interdisciplinares. Notou-se a relevância de oferecer apoio abrangente do Estado e da sociedade, tanto para quem recebe quanto para quem fornece os cuidados. É preciso reflexões e um olhar atento também sobre as questões de raça e gênero, diante das políticas de cuidado, principalmente pelo fato evidenciando, de que o ônus do cuidado recai sobretudo nas mulheres, e mulheres negras. Mais ainda, a iniciativa dos Senadores no Brasil retratada no referido PL 2797/2022, vem no sentido de abordar o cuidado em várias dimensões, visando qualificar e profissionalizar os cuidadores, oferecer suporte às famílias e às pessoas em condição de dependência. O cuidado é uma questão multidimensional que exige esforços interdisciplinares, e a formulação de propostas deve ser embasada em pesquisas e reflexões para compreender as reais necessidades envolvidas. No terceiro artigo, a análise ocorreu de refletir sobre as três propostas de projeto de lei encontradas, PL 3805/2015, PL 444/2015 e por fim PL 2797/2022. Concluiu-se que a discussão sobre políticas públicas relacionadas a quem receberá o cuidado e aos cuidadores é complexa, indicando que essa questão não é simples e requer uma consideração profunda. Observou-se a necessidade de uma abordagem inclusiva e prática nas políticas públicas de cuidados, para que estas possam também apoiar os cuidadores, reconhecendo os diversos desafios que estes enfrentam. Palavras-chave: Envelhecimento; Políticas públicas; Cuidado; Família.
This study refers to discussions regarding public care policies for elderly people. The growth in life expectancy marks a significant advance for society, but, at the same time, it is possible to observe the existence of problems arising from the country's lack of preparation to deal with this phenomenon. The research is classified as qualitative with an exploratory nature and its general objective is to analyze discussions about public policies aimed at aging that concern care. And, as specific objectives: A) Analyze the main bills based on home care for the elderly, on the Legislative Chamber website; B) Analyze the current 2022 Senate bill that discusses the creation of the National Care Policy for aging; C) Identify possible gaps in these projects. The Document Analysis method was used, complemented by content analysis. The documentary analysis carried out focused on bills that sought to establish a home care initiative for the elderly population in Brazil. The structure of the dissertation is arranged in three articles, each one addressed the specific objectives mentioned above, with corresponding discussions and reflections. The conclusion obtained through the analysis presented in the first article, pointed out that there are many challenges in legislation relating to care. Issues such as unpaid voluntary work showed that care can still fall to families, especially harming those who are unable to bear the costs. There are gaps, a lack of detail in some actions, and it was noticed that the policy is still guided by approaches aimed at children's daycare centers, not taking into account the nuances of aging. The second article during the analysis of PL 2797/2022 found that there is complexity in care, requiring interdisciplinary efforts. The relevance of offering comprehensive support from the State and society was noted, both for those who receive and those who provide care. Reflections and a careful look are also needed on issues of race and gender, in light of care policies, mainly due to the evident fact that the burden of care falls mainly on women, and black women. Furthermore, the initiative of the Senators in Brazil portrayed in the aforementioned PL 2797/2022, aims to address care in several dimensions, aiming to qualify and professionalize caregivers, offering support to families and people in conditions of dependence. Care is a multidimensional issue that requires interdisciplinary efforts, and the formulation of proposals must be based on research and reflection to understand the real needs involved. In the third article, the analysis occurred by reflecting on the three bill proposals found, PL 3805/2015, PL 444/2015 and finally PL 2797/2022. It was concluded that the discussion about public policies related to who will receive care and caregivers is complex, indicating that this issue is not simple and requires in-depth consideration. The need for an inclusive and practical approach to public care policies was noted, so that they can also support caregivers, recognizing the various challenges they face. Keywords: Aging; Public policy; Careful. Family.
This study refers to discussions regarding public care policies for elderly people. The growth in life expectancy marks a significant advance for society, but, at the same time, it is possible to observe the existence of problems arising from the country's lack of preparation to deal with this phenomenon. The research is classified as qualitative with an exploratory nature and its general objective is to analyze discussions about public policies aimed at aging that concern care. And, as specific objectives: A) Analyze the main bills based on home care for the elderly, on the Legislative Chamber website; B) Analyze the current 2022 Senate bill that discusses the creation of the National Care Policy for aging; C) Identify possible gaps in these projects. The Document Analysis method was used, complemented by content analysis. The documentary analysis carried out focused on bills that sought to establish a home care initiative for the elderly population in Brazil. The structure of the dissertation is arranged in three articles, each one addressed the specific objectives mentioned above, with corresponding discussions and reflections. The conclusion obtained through the analysis presented in the first article, pointed out that there are many challenges in legislation relating to care. Issues such as unpaid voluntary work showed that care can still fall to families, especially harming those who are unable to bear the costs. There are gaps, a lack of detail in some actions, and it was noticed that the policy is still guided by approaches aimed at children's daycare centers, not taking into account the nuances of aging. The second article during the analysis of PL 2797/2022 found that there is complexity in care, requiring interdisciplinary efforts. The relevance of offering comprehensive support from the State and society was noted, both for those who receive and those who provide care. Reflections and a careful look are also needed on issues of race and gender, in light of care policies, mainly due to the evident fact that the burden of care falls mainly on women, and black women. Furthermore, the initiative of the Senators in Brazil portrayed in the aforementioned PL 2797/2022, aims to address care in several dimensions, aiming to qualify and professionalize caregivers, offering support to families and people in conditions of dependence. Care is a multidimensional issue that requires interdisciplinary efforts, and the formulation of proposals must be based on research and reflection to understand the real needs involved. In the third article, the analysis occurred by reflecting on the three bill proposals found, PL 3805/2015, PL 444/2015 and finally PL 2797/2022. It was concluded that the discussion about public policies related to who will receive care and caregivers is complex, indicating that this issue is not simple and requires in-depth consideration. The need for an inclusive and practical approach to public care policies was noted, so that they can also support caregivers, recognizing the various challenges they face. Keywords: Aging; Public policy; Careful. Family.
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Citation
JESUS, Letícia Fontes. Projetos de lei e assistência à pessoa idosa no Brasil: uma discussão inicial sobre a política de cuidado domiciliar. 2024. 125 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Economia Doméstica) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2024.
