Avaliação da evolução do Huanglongbing (HLB) em Minas Gerais
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Data
2016-03-31
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
O Brasil é o maior produtor mundial de frutos cítricos e maior exportador de suco de laranja. A maior produção está em São Paulo, seguida por Bahia, Paraná e Minas Gerais. Entre as pragas que atacam as plantas cítricas, a que vem se destacando pela rápida disseminação, difícil controle e por ser altamente destrutiva é o Huanglongbing. Tem como agente etiológico a bactéria Candidatus liberibacter sp. e é transmitida através do inseto vetor Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae). No Brasil, é regulamentada como praga quarentenária presente, e a Instrução Normativa No 53, publicada pelo Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento em 16 de outubro de 2008, aprova os critérios e procedimentos para que os órgãos estaduais de defesa sanitária vegetal realizem os levantamentos de ocorrência do HLB e adotem medidas de prevenção e erradicação. Este trabalho buscou avaliar a evolução do HLB no estado de Minas Gerais, no período do segundo semestre de 2010 ao primeiro semestre de 2015, assim como as ações no levantamento e controle da praga. Para isso, foram analisados os dados dos Relatórios de Vistoria de Plantas Cítricas entregues pelos produtores ao Instituto Mineiro de Agropecuária (IMA) e dos relatórios de levantamento fitossanitário realizado nos pomares comerciais pelos fiscais do IMA, com os objetivos de detectar plantas cítricas com sintomas de HLB e coletar amostras dessas plantas para análise laboratorial e confirmação oficial da presença da praga. Houve aumento no número de plantas cítricas com sintomas de HLB erradicadas, sendo o município de Três Pontas e a coordenadoria de Varginha os que mais eliminaram plantas nesse período. Propriedades com área menor do que 15 hectares apresentaram taxas de erradicação maiores do que propriedades com área maior do que 100 hectares. Os resultados dos relatórios de levantamento fitossanitário indicaram que desde 2013 não são confirmados novos focos da praga em municípios produtores de citros em Minas Gerais, que se restringem a 20 municipalidades. As ações para levantamento e controle da praga requerem disponibilidade de recursos humanos e financeiros, e os esforços para que ela não se dissemine devem ser mantidos e intensificados.
Brazil is currently in the first position worldwide in citros production and orange juice exportation. The main producing states are São Paulo, Paraná, Bahia and Minas Gerais. From all the diseases that attack citrus plants, the one that has been highlighted by the rapid spread, difficult to control and to be highly destructive is the HLB (ex-greening). It is caused by the bacterium Candidatus liberibacter sp. and transmitted by Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae). In Brazil is regulated as present quarantine pest and the Normative Instruction No. 53 issued by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply on October 16, 2008 approves the criteria and procedures for state agencies of plant health protection conduct the surveys on occurrence of HLB and adopt prevention and eradication measures. This study aimed to evaluate the evolution of HLB in the state of Minas Gerais in the second half of 2010 to the first half of 2015, and the evaluation of actions in the survey and control of the disease. To do this, data from Citrus Plant Inspection Reports delivered by producers to the Instituto Mineiro de Agropecuária (IMA) and phytosanitary survey reports conducted in commercial orchards by IMA’s supervisors in order to detect citrus plants with symptoms of HLB were analyzed and to collect samples of these plants for laboratory analysis and official confirmation of the presence of the disease. It was noted that the second half of 2010 to the first half of 2015 there was an increase in the number of citrus plants with symptoms of HLB eradicated, and the city of Três Pontas and the coordinating office of Varginha eliminated more plants in this period. Properties with an area less than 15 hectares showed higher eradication rates than properties with an area greater than 100 hectares. The results of phytosanitary survey reports showed that since 2013 is not confirmed new outbreaks of the disease in citrus producing municipalities in Minas Gerais, which is restricted in 20 municipalities. The actions for the survey and control of the disease require the availability of human and financial resources and efforts so that it can not be established must be maintained and intensified.
Brazil is currently in the first position worldwide in citros production and orange juice exportation. The main producing states are São Paulo, Paraná, Bahia and Minas Gerais. From all the diseases that attack citrus plants, the one that has been highlighted by the rapid spread, difficult to control and to be highly destructive is the HLB (ex-greening). It is caused by the bacterium Candidatus liberibacter sp. and transmitted by Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae). In Brazil is regulated as present quarantine pest and the Normative Instruction No. 53 issued by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply on October 16, 2008 approves the criteria and procedures for state agencies of plant health protection conduct the surveys on occurrence of HLB and adopt prevention and eradication measures. This study aimed to evaluate the evolution of HLB in the state of Minas Gerais in the second half of 2010 to the first half of 2015, and the evaluation of actions in the survey and control of the disease. To do this, data from Citrus Plant Inspection Reports delivered by producers to the Instituto Mineiro de Agropecuária (IMA) and phytosanitary survey reports conducted in commercial orchards by IMA’s supervisors in order to detect citrus plants with symptoms of HLB were analyzed and to collect samples of these plants for laboratory analysis and official confirmation of the presence of the disease. It was noted that the second half of 2010 to the first half of 2015 there was an increase in the number of citrus plants with symptoms of HLB eradicated, and the city of Três Pontas and the coordinating office of Varginha eliminated more plants in this period. Properties with an area less than 15 hectares showed higher eradication rates than properties with an area greater than 100 hectares. The results of phytosanitary survey reports showed that since 2013 is not confirmed new outbreaks of the disease in citrus producing municipalities in Minas Gerais, which is restricted in 20 municipalities. The actions for the survey and control of the disease require the availability of human and financial resources and efforts so that it can not be established must be maintained and intensified.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Frutas cítricas - Cultivo, Inseto - Controle, Fitossanidade, Candidatus Liberibacter, Diaphorina citri
Citação
FERNANDES, Thales Almeida Pereira. Avaliação da evolução do Huanglongbing (HLB) em Minas Gerais. 2016. 76 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Defesa Sanitária Vegetal) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2016.