Utilização de lírio amarelo (Hemerocallis flava) em sistemas alagados construídos para tratamento de esgoto doméstico
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Data
2008-11-14
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
No presente trabalho visou-se avaliar o desempenho de quatro sistemas alagados construídos de escoamento subsuperficial (SAC), operados com diferentes taxas de aplicação, no tratamento de esgoto doméstico. O experimento foi conduzido na Área Experimental de Tratamento de Resíduos Urbanos, do Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, em Viçosa MG. O esgoto doméstico, após passar por tratamento preliminar (desarenação, caixa de gordura, peneira e tanque de equalização), e por tratamento primário (tanque séptico) foi encaminhado para o tratamento secundário em SACs. Nos SACs 1, 2 e 3, foram aplicados, respectivamente, 44 kg.ha- 1.d-1, 98 kg.ha-1.d-1 e 230 kg.ha-1.d-1 de DBO. O SAC 4 recebeu esgoto doméstico que passou somente por tratamento preliminar resultando numa taxa de 395 kg.ha-1.d- 1 de DBO. Em todos os SACs foram utilizadas as Hemerocallis flava (lírio amarelo) para auxiliar na depuração do esgoto doméstico. Para avaliação do desempenho dos SACs cultivados com lírio foram realizadas análises de sólidos suspensos totais (SST), demanda bioquímica de oxigênio (DBO5), demanda química de oxigênio (DQO), nitrogênio, fósforo, sódio, potássio, pH, potencial redox, condutividade elétrica, coliformes totais e E. coli nos afluentes e efluentes dos SACs. Em relação às plantas de lírio amarelo, foi quantificada a produtividade de matéria seca e, no tecido foliar, as concentrações de N, P, K e Na. Em todos os SACs houve predominância do ambiente anóxico/aeróbio. Houve a tendência de menores taxas de aplicação proporcionarem maiores eficiências de remoção de N, P, K e Na. Maiores eficiências na remoção de coliformes totais e E.coli nos SACs foram obtidos com os maiores tempos de residência hidráulica (TDH). Os SACs apresentaram elevadas eficiências na remoção de DBO: 90,1%, 83,6%, 81,1% e 90,8% e DQO: 72,1%, 63,7%, 72,2% e 70,0%, respectivamente nos SACs 1, 2, 3 e 4, atendendo aos padrões de lançamento de efluentes estabelecidos pela Deliberação Normativa Conjunta COPAM/CERH Nº 1 (MINAS GERAIS, 2008). Obteve-se a equação ajustada com os dados obtidos de DQO, segundo o modelo proposto por BRASIL et al. (2007a), C/C0 = exp (- 0.832.t0,324) com R2 = 0,977. Conclui-se que a utilização de maiores taxas de aplicação não acarretou problemas de desenvolvimento do lírio, não havendo também diferença significativa na remoção de nutrientes devido às diferentes taxas de aplicação.
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the performance of four constructed wetlands subsurface flow systems (CW), operated with different rates of application in the treatment of domestic sewage. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Area for Treatment of Municipal Waste, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa, in Viçosa - MG. The domestic sewage, after passing through preliminary treatment (sand box, oil and grease separator, sieve and mixing tank), and by primary treatment (septic tank), was directed to secundary treatment. In the CWs 1, 2 and 3, was applied, respectively, 44 kg.ha-1.d-1, 98 kg.ha-1.d-1 and 230 kg ha-1.d-1 of BOD. The SAC 4 received domestic sewage that passed only by prior treatment resulting in a rate of 395 kg ha-1.d-1 of BOD. In all CWs Hemerocallis flava (yellow lily) was used in all CWs to remove the domestic sewage depuration. To evaluate the performance of CWs cultivated with lily analysis were carried out on total suspended solids (TSS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrogen, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, pH, redox potential, electrical conductivity, total coliform and E. coli in the inffluents and effluents of the CWs. Regarding to yellow lily plants, the production of dry matter and the concentrations of N, P, K and Na in the leaf tissue were quantified. In all CWs there were the predominance of the anoxic/aerobic environment. Had a tendency that the lowest rates of application provided higher efficiencies on removal of N, P, K and Na. Higher efficiencies in removal of total coliform and E. coli in CWs were obtained with higher hydraulic detention time (HDT) values. The CWs showed high efficiencies in the removal of BOD: 90.1%, 83.6%, 81.1% and 90.8% and COD: 72.1%, 63.7%, 72.2% and 70.0 % in CWs 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively, given the patterns of releasing of effluents set by Deliberation Normative COPAM/CERH Nº 1 (MINAS GERAIS, 2008). The equation adjusted with the data from COD was obtained according to the model proposed by BRASIL et al. (2007a), C/C0 = exp (- 0.832.t0,324) with R2 = 0.977. It was concluded that the use of higher rates of application didn t cause problems in the development of lily, plants and also there were no significant differences in the removal of nutrients at different rates used.
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the performance of four constructed wetlands subsurface flow systems (CW), operated with different rates of application in the treatment of domestic sewage. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Area for Treatment of Municipal Waste, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa, in Viçosa - MG. The domestic sewage, after passing through preliminary treatment (sand box, oil and grease separator, sieve and mixing tank), and by primary treatment (septic tank), was directed to secundary treatment. In the CWs 1, 2 and 3, was applied, respectively, 44 kg.ha-1.d-1, 98 kg.ha-1.d-1 and 230 kg ha-1.d-1 of BOD. The SAC 4 received domestic sewage that passed only by prior treatment resulting in a rate of 395 kg ha-1.d-1 of BOD. In all CWs Hemerocallis flava (yellow lily) was used in all CWs to remove the domestic sewage depuration. To evaluate the performance of CWs cultivated with lily analysis were carried out on total suspended solids (TSS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrogen, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, pH, redox potential, electrical conductivity, total coliform and E. coli in the inffluents and effluents of the CWs. Regarding to yellow lily plants, the production of dry matter and the concentrations of N, P, K and Na in the leaf tissue were quantified. In all CWs there were the predominance of the anoxic/aerobic environment. Had a tendency that the lowest rates of application provided higher efficiencies on removal of N, P, K and Na. Higher efficiencies in removal of total coliform and E. coli in CWs were obtained with higher hydraulic detention time (HDT) values. The CWs showed high efficiencies in the removal of BOD: 90.1%, 83.6%, 81.1% and 90.8% and COD: 72.1%, 63.7%, 72.2% and 70.0 % in CWs 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively, given the patterns of releasing of effluents set by Deliberation Normative COPAM/CERH Nº 1 (MINAS GERAIS, 2008). The equation adjusted with the data from COD was obtained according to the model proposed by BRASIL et al. (2007a), C/C0 = exp (- 0.832.t0,324) with R2 = 0.977. It was concluded that the use of higher rates of application didn t cause problems in the development of lily, plants and also there were no significant differences in the removal of nutrients at different rates used.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Matéria orgânica, Escoamento, Taxa de aplicação, Organic matter, Flow systems, Application rate
Citação
CHAGAS, Renata Cristina. Use of yellow lily (Hemerocallis flava) in construtect wetlands for treatment of domestic sewage. 2008. 78 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Construções rurais e ambiência; Energia na agricultura; Mecanização agrícola; Processamento de produ) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2008.