Programas de qualidade e o comportamento de indicadores de desempenho da indústria de abate e processamento de suínos na região centro-sul do Brasil
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Data
2000-12-13
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Editor
Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
Os programas de qualidade têm sido vistos como ferramenta essencial para solução de problemas das indústrias no Brasil; são tidos como estratégias de competitividade industrial. A crescente demanda por carnes de alta qualidade e que em seu processo produtivo não haja degradação ambiental tem criado uma barreira ao produto: a exigência por qualidade. Estima-se que cerca de 15 a 40% da capacidade produtiva de uma companhia qualquer é perdida. A busca pela eliminação dessas perdas levou muitas organizações a implementar programas de qualidade. Foi estimado que cerca de 2 / 3 desses programas falham em seus objetivos. Neste trabalho, procurou-se verificar o comportamento de indicadores de desempenho (custos de produção, postos de trabalho/cargos, produtividade, participação no mercado brasileiro, retorno sobre os investimentos, lucratividade, imagem da empresa, faturamento bruto anual, satisfação dos trabalhadores, satisfação dos clientes e participação de produtos não-principais no mercado interno) das empresas de abate e processamento de suínos na região centro-sul do Brasil e sua relação com a utilização de programas de qualidade. Foram objetivos, também, avaliar a importância dada aos programas de qualidade por essa indústria, detectar o estágio de desenvolvimento dos programas de qualidade implementados e identificar a existência de relação entre esse estágio e as principais medidas de desempenho global das empresas. A metodologia utilizada baseou-se na teoria da organização industrial e nas teorias de Competitividade e Qualidade Total, bem como em suas implicações diretas e indiretas sobre o desempenho econômico-financeiro das organizações. A coleta de dados da pesquisa foi realizada por meio de um questionário, aplicado via postal e também disponível para resposta via Internet. Dos questionários respondidos, 41,6% foram devolvidos com o uso do formulário eletrônico disponibilizado na Internet, indicando que esta forma de coleta de dados tem potencial de uso em pesquisas futuras. Os resultados desta pesquisa indicam que a referida indústria tem grande preocupação com a qualidade dos seus produtos e adota programas de qualidade em seu processo produtivo. Os programas de qualidade implementados encontravam-se, em grande parte, em estágio avançado de implantação ou totalmente implementados e utilizavam, principalmente, as metodologias propostas por Deming e Feigenbaum. Os programas mostraram-se com desempenho favorável, visto que os custos da qualidade apresentaram comportamento decrescente após a utilização dos programas, bem como os indicadores exibiram aumento, ou melhoria, à medida que os programas de qualidade avançavam em desenvolvimento. Avaliando o comportamento desses indicadores de desempenho comparativamente entre as empresas que adotavam algum programa formal de qualidade e as que não o faziam, comprovou-se que as primeiras tendem a apresentar melhores índices de desempenho do que as últimas. Constatou-se que os programas de qualidade implementados na indústria de abate e processamento de suínos na região centro-sul do Brasil mostraram-se condizentes com as teorias de qualidade e apresentaram desempenho satisfatório. Tais programas, devido ao seu valor, possivelmente devam figurar entre as principais ferramentas estratégicas utilizadas pelas empresas de abate e processamento de suínos no Brasil para se manterem competitivas no mercado.
The quality programs have been seen as an essential tool for solution of the problems in Brazilian industries. Those programs are considered as strategies of the industrial competitiveness. The increasing demand for high quality meats, from which the productive process does not presents environmental degradation, creates a barrier to the product: the requirement for quality. It is estimated that about 15 to 40% of a company’s productive capacity are lost. The search for eliminating these losses led many organizations to implement quality programs. It was estimated that approximately 2 / 3 of these programs fail in reaching their objectives. This work tries to verify the behavior of the performance indicators (production costs, work/job posts, productivity, participation in Brazilian market, return on investments, profitability, company’s image, annual gross income, the workers' satisfaction, the customers' satisfaction and participation of non-main products in the internal market) in swine slaughtering and processing companies on Southern-Center of Brazil and their relationship with the use of quality programs. Also, it is aimed to evaluate the importance given by this industry to quality programs, as well as to detect the development stage of the implemented quality programs and to identify the existence of relationship between this stage and the main measures of the global performance in the companies. The used methodology is based on either the theory of the industrial organization and the theories of competitiveness and Total Quality, as well as their direct and indirect implications on the economic- financial performance of the organizations. The data collection of the research was accomplished by means of a questionnaire, applied by postal via and also available to answer through Internet. A percentage of 41.6% of the answered questionnaires were returned by using an electronic formulary available in Internet, so indicating that really this form of data collection has an use potential for future researches. The results of this research show that this industry has great concern with the quality of their products and that it adopts quality programs in its productive process. The implemented quality programs are largely at an advanced implantation stage or totally implemented, and they use mainly the methodologies proposed by Deming and Feigenbaum. The programs show a favorable performance, since the quality costs presented a decreasing behavior after using the programs, as well as the indicators presented an increase, or improvement, as the development of the quality programs moved forward. By evaluating the behavior of these performance indicators comparatively among the companies adopting some formal quality program and the ones that don't adopt such programs, it is proved that the first ones tend to present better performance indexes than the last ones. It is proved that the quality programs implemented in the swine slaughtering and processing industry on Southern-Center of Brazil showed to be suitable to quality theories, besides presenting satisfactory performance. Due to their value, possibly these programs should figure among the main strategic tools used by the swine slaughtering and processing companies in Brazil in order to maintain themselves competitive in the market.
The quality programs have been seen as an essential tool for solution of the problems in Brazilian industries. Those programs are considered as strategies of the industrial competitiveness. The increasing demand for high quality meats, from which the productive process does not presents environmental degradation, creates a barrier to the product: the requirement for quality. It is estimated that about 15 to 40% of a company’s productive capacity are lost. The search for eliminating these losses led many organizations to implement quality programs. It was estimated that approximately 2 / 3 of these programs fail in reaching their objectives. This work tries to verify the behavior of the performance indicators (production costs, work/job posts, productivity, participation in Brazilian market, return on investments, profitability, company’s image, annual gross income, the workers' satisfaction, the customers' satisfaction and participation of non-main products in the internal market) in swine slaughtering and processing companies on Southern-Center of Brazil and their relationship with the use of quality programs. Also, it is aimed to evaluate the importance given by this industry to quality programs, as well as to detect the development stage of the implemented quality programs and to identify the existence of relationship between this stage and the main measures of the global performance in the companies. The used methodology is based on either the theory of the industrial organization and the theories of competitiveness and Total Quality, as well as their direct and indirect implications on the economic- financial performance of the organizations. The data collection of the research was accomplished by means of a questionnaire, applied by postal via and also available to answer through Internet. A percentage of 41.6% of the answered questionnaires were returned by using an electronic formulary available in Internet, so indicating that really this form of data collection has an use potential for future researches. The results of this research show that this industry has great concern with the quality of their products and that it adopts quality programs in its productive process. The implemented quality programs are largely at an advanced implantation stage or totally implemented, and they use mainly the methodologies proposed by Deming and Feigenbaum. The programs show a favorable performance, since the quality costs presented a decreasing behavior after using the programs, as well as the indicators presented an increase, or improvement, as the development of the quality programs moved forward. By evaluating the behavior of these performance indicators comparatively among the companies adopting some formal quality program and the ones that don't adopt such programs, it is proved that the first ones tend to present better performance indexes than the last ones. It is proved that the quality programs implemented in the swine slaughtering and processing industry on Southern-Center of Brazil showed to be suitable to quality theories, besides presenting satisfactory performance. Due to their value, possibly these programs should figure among the main strategic tools used by the swine slaughtering and processing companies in Brazil in order to maintain themselves competitive in the market.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Carne de porco – Indústria – Qualidade, Carne de porco – Indústria – Desempenho, Carne de porco – Indústria – Abate, Carne de porco – Indústria – Processamento, Organização industrial (Teoria econômica), Gestão da qualidade total, Métodos não paramétricos
Citação
SILVA JÚNIOR, Alberto Gomes da. Programas de qualidade e o comportamento de indicadores de desempenho da indústria de abate e processamento de suínos na região centro-sul do Brasil. 2000. 134 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Economia Rural) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2000.