Alfabetização e letramento de uma criança autista
Arquivos
Data
2025-03-20
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Editor
Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
A alfabetização e o letramento constituem processos essenciais para o desenvolvimento social de qualquer indivíduo. No entanto, para crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA), esses processos apresentam desafios únicos, exigindo a adoção de abordagens pedagógicas diferenciadas e adaptadas às suas necessidades. A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo descrever e analisar as estratégias comunicativas e pedagógicas implementadas no processo de alfabetização e letramento de uma criança com TEA, com base na prática pedagógica realizada em contexto domiciliar com João (nome fictício), um menino de 11 anos, que conheci, em 2019, quando cursava Pedagogia e fui contratado como seu monitor de apoio na escola particular em que ele estava no segundo período da educação infantil. Desde 2020, ministro aulas particulares na casa de João, complementando as atividades escolares. A metodologia adotada baseia-se na autoetnografia, tendo sido planejadas atividades voltadas para a alfabetização e letramento de João, desenvolvidas durante uma semana em outubro de 2024, que foram gravadas em áudio e vídeo, , posteriormente transcritas e analisadas à luz dos princípios da Análise da Conversa, visando construir reflexões fatores que podem ou não facilitar o processo de aprendizagem em crianças com desenvolvimento atípico, a partir das análises da interações com João. A pesquisa revela que, apesar das dificuldades inerentes à comunicação e à interação enfrentadas por crianças com TEA, houve a construção conjunta do conhecimento, mediada pela interação pedagógica, com o uso de estratégias comunicativas que favorecem a participação ativa do aluno. Dentre essas estratégias, destacam-se a alternância de respostas corretas, a reformulação de perguntas e o uso de avaliações positivas como forma de reforçar os acertos. Tais práticas pedagógicas mostraram-se eficazes no estímulo à interação e na promoção de uma participação ativa no processo de ensino- aprendizagem. Além disso, foram discutidos os desafios enfrentados pelo professor, bem como a centralidade de uma educação verdadeiramente inclusiva que responda às demandas particulares de cada aluno. A presente dissertação apresenta práticas pedagógicas adaptadas às necessidades específicas de uma criança com TEA. No entanto, é importante destacar que, como a pesquisa foi desenvolvida em um contexto domiciliar, essa abordagem pode ser limitada no que tange à sua aplicação no ambiente escolar mais amplo. Dessa forma, avaliar os resultados da inclusão desta criança em um contexto educacional formal torna-se inviável dentro dos limites desta pesquisa. Palavras-chave: Alfabetização; Letramento; Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA); Educação Inclusiva; Autoetnografia.
Literacy structured and social are essential processes for the social development of any individual. However, for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), these processes present unique challenges, requiring the adoption of differentiated pedagogical approaches adapted to their needs. This research aims to describe and analyze the communicative and pedagogical strategies implemented in the literacy and literacy process of a child with ASD, based on the pedagogical practice carried out in a home context with João (fictitious name), an 11-year-old boy, whom I met in 2019, when I was studying Pedagogy and was hired as his support monitor at the private school where he was in the second period of early childhood education. Since 2020, I have been teaching private lessons at João's home, complementing his school activities. The methodology adopted is based on autoethnography, with activities aimed at João's literacy and literacy development planned for a week in October 2024, which were recorded in audio and video, later transcribed and analyzed in light of the principles of Conversation Analysis, aiming to build reflections on factors that may or may not facilitate the learning process in children with atypical development, based on the analysis of interactions with João. The research reveals that, despite the difficulties inherent in communication and interaction faced by children with ASD, there was joint construction of knowledge, mediated by pedagogical interaction, with the use of communicative strategies that favor the active participation of the student. Among these strategies, the alternation of correct answers, the reformulation of questions and the use of positive evaluations as a way to reinforce correct answers stand out. Such pedagogical practices proved to be effective in stimulating interaction and promoting active participation in the teaching- learning process. Furthermore, the challenges faced by teachers were discussed, as well as the centrality of a truly inclusive education that responds to the particular demands of each student. This dissertation presents pedagogical practices adapted to the specific needs of a child with ASD. However, it is important to highlight that, since the research was developed in a home context, this approach may be limited in terms of its application in the broader school environment. Therefore, evaluating the results of the inclusion of this child in a formal educational context becomes unfeasible within the limits of this research. Keywords: Literacy; Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD); Inclusive Education; Autoethnography.
Literacy structured and social are essential processes for the social development of any individual. However, for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), these processes present unique challenges, requiring the adoption of differentiated pedagogical approaches adapted to their needs. This research aims to describe and analyze the communicative and pedagogical strategies implemented in the literacy and literacy process of a child with ASD, based on the pedagogical practice carried out in a home context with João (fictitious name), an 11-year-old boy, whom I met in 2019, when I was studying Pedagogy and was hired as his support monitor at the private school where he was in the second period of early childhood education. Since 2020, I have been teaching private lessons at João's home, complementing his school activities. The methodology adopted is based on autoethnography, with activities aimed at João's literacy and literacy development planned for a week in October 2024, which were recorded in audio and video, later transcribed and analyzed in light of the principles of Conversation Analysis, aiming to build reflections on factors that may or may not facilitate the learning process in children with atypical development, based on the analysis of interactions with João. The research reveals that, despite the difficulties inherent in communication and interaction faced by children with ASD, there was joint construction of knowledge, mediated by pedagogical interaction, with the use of communicative strategies that favor the active participation of the student. Among these strategies, the alternation of correct answers, the reformulation of questions and the use of positive evaluations as a way to reinforce correct answers stand out. Such pedagogical practices proved to be effective in stimulating interaction and promoting active participation in the teaching- learning process. Furthermore, the challenges faced by teachers were discussed, as well as the centrality of a truly inclusive education that responds to the particular demands of each student. This dissertation presents pedagogical practices adapted to the specific needs of a child with ASD. However, it is important to highlight that, since the research was developed in a home context, this approach may be limited in terms of its application in the broader school environment. Therefore, evaluating the results of the inclusion of this child in a formal educational context becomes unfeasible within the limits of this research. Keywords: Literacy; Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD); Inclusive Education; Autoethnography.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Alfabetização, Letramento, Transtornos do espectro autista, Educação inclusiva
Citação
NONATO, Carlos Henrique Oliveira. Alfabetização e letramento de uma criança autista. 2025. 149 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Educação) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2025.