Estudo da alterabilidade de rochas básicas da Mina N4 na Serra dos Carajás (PA)
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
O emprego de rochas para fins de engenharia enfrenta desafios por se tratar de um material natural não dimensionado, o que ressalta a importância de sua caracterização adequada para consideração em projeto. O registro de casos de ruína de estruturas em razão da falha de rochas preliminarmente classificadas como resistentes e inalteradas evidenciou a necessidade de estudo não apenas da resposta do material ao novo estado de tensão, mas também às novas solicitações intempéricas do ambiente. Para buscar entender como o intemperismo atua sobre amostras de rocha básica provenientes de uma mina localizada na Serra dos Carajás, com que velocidade se dá o processo e quais modificações são provocadas na rocha, este trabalho se propôs a avaliar a alteração e a alterabilidade desta amostra, por meio de simulação do processo de intemperismo com realização de ensaio de ciclagem acelerada em laboratório. O método adotado foi a ciclagem acelerada com imersão em sulfato de sódio. Ao longo do processo, uma detalhada caracterização mineralógica, física e de propriedades mecânicas foi feita para se investigar quais modificações ocorriam em suas propriedades. Foram realizados ensaios de determinação de índices físicos, velocidade propagação de onda, descrição petrográfica, martelo de Schmidt, compressão a carga puntiforme e compressão uniaxial, além de registro dos aspectos visuais para análise qualitativa. A caracterização anterior à ciclagem classificou a rocha como metabasalto hidrotermalizado, resistente, com baixa porosidade e são. Os resultados obtidos nos índices de qualidade ao longo da ciclagem mostraram que os 100 ciclos realizados não alcançaram nível de alteração capaz de promover variações expressivas nas propriedades da rocha, sendo a alteração física predominante, visualizada na fissuração provavelmente resultante da diferença de coeficientes de dilatação, impondo resposta diferencial frente às oscilações térmicas durante processo. A característica de baixa porosidade, indicando poucas microfissuras interconectadas parece ser responsável pela baixa alterabilidade do metabasalto hidrotermalizado durante a ciclagem com sulfato de sódio, propiciando uma alteração maior apenas superficial na maioria dos corpos de prova. Palavras-chave: mecânica das rochas; alterabilidade; ciclagem acelerada
The use of rocks for engineering purposes faces challenges because it is an undesigned natural material, which highlights the importance of its proper characterization to provide useful data for the project. The recorded failures involving apparently strong and fresh rocks has increased the study of rock weathering, to understand not only its response to the new state of stress due to engineering intervention, but also its response to the new environmental condition. In order to understand how weathering acts on basic rock samples from N4 Mine located at Serra dos Carajás, which speed the process happens and what changes are caused on the rock, this research aimed to evaluate the alteration and weatherability of this sample, throught simulating the weathering process with a accelerated cycling test in laboratory, the adopted method was accelerated cycling with immersion in sodium sulfate. Throughout the process a detailed characterization of mineralocial, physical and mechanical properties was carried out to investigate which changes occurred in its properties. Tests were performed to determine physical properties, P wave propagation velocity, thin section description, Schmidt hammer, point load strength and uniaxial compressive strenght, also the visual aspects were documented for qualitative analysis. The characterization prior to cycling classified the rock as hydrotermalized metabasalt, strong, with low porosity and classified as sound rock. The results obteined in the quality indexes along the cycling showed that the 100 cycles performed were not enough to achieve an alteration level capable of promoting expressive variations in the rock properties, with the physical alteration being the most frequent, seen in the cracking that according to the location of it, probably it is the result of the difference in expansion coefficient, imposing a differential response to the thermical oscillations during the process. The property of low porosity, indicating few interconnected microcracks, seems to be responsible for the low weatherability of the hydritermalized metabasalt during accelerated cycling with sodium sulfate, providing a greater alteration only on the surface in most specimens. Keywords: rock mechanics; weatherability; accelerated cycling
The use of rocks for engineering purposes faces challenges because it is an undesigned natural material, which highlights the importance of its proper characterization to provide useful data for the project. The recorded failures involving apparently strong and fresh rocks has increased the study of rock weathering, to understand not only its response to the new state of stress due to engineering intervention, but also its response to the new environmental condition. In order to understand how weathering acts on basic rock samples from N4 Mine located at Serra dos Carajás, which speed the process happens and what changes are caused on the rock, this research aimed to evaluate the alteration and weatherability of this sample, throught simulating the weathering process with a accelerated cycling test in laboratory, the adopted method was accelerated cycling with immersion in sodium sulfate. Throughout the process a detailed characterization of mineralocial, physical and mechanical properties was carried out to investigate which changes occurred in its properties. Tests were performed to determine physical properties, P wave propagation velocity, thin section description, Schmidt hammer, point load strength and uniaxial compressive strenght, also the visual aspects were documented for qualitative analysis. The characterization prior to cycling classified the rock as hydrotermalized metabasalt, strong, with low porosity and classified as sound rock. The results obteined in the quality indexes along the cycling showed that the 100 cycles performed were not enough to achieve an alteration level capable of promoting expressive variations in the rock properties, with the physical alteration being the most frequent, seen in the cracking that according to the location of it, probably it is the result of the difference in expansion coefficient, imposing a differential response to the thermical oscillations during the process. The property of low porosity, indicating few interconnected microcracks, seems to be responsible for the low weatherability of the hydritermalized metabasalt during accelerated cycling with sodium sulfate, providing a greater alteration only on the surface in most specimens. Keywords: rock mechanics; weatherability; accelerated cycling
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SILVA, Natália de Faria. Estudo da alterabilidade de rochas básicas da Mina N4 na Serra dos Carajás (PA). 2022. 106 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Civil) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2022.
