Contribuição de espécies de Diaporthe na ocorrência de apodrecimento de grãos em vagens verdes e quebramento de haste de soja [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
O apodrecimento de grãos ainda na fase de enchimento de grãos é um problema recorrente nas últimas cinco safras de soja, especialmente na região médio-norte do estado de Mato Grosso, levando a redução da qualidade e rendimento de grãos, implicando em perdas de até 30% na produtividade. Também na região médio-norte do estado de Mato Grosso nas safras 2020/2021 e 2021/2022, foi relatada a ocorrência de forma generalizada de quebramento da haste da soja, tanto em áreas experimentais quanto em lavouras comerciais. Esse quebramento compromete a colheita mecanizada levando ao decréscimo de produtividade. Tanto o quebramento de haste quanto o apodrecimento de grãos em vagens verdes têm sido associados ao gênero Diaporthe como um possível agente causal, uma vez que são frequentemente recuperados dos tecidos sintomáticos. Porém, até o momento, não foram reproduzidos os sintomas de quebramento observado no campo por meio de inoculações com isolados fúngicos do gênero Diaporthe em condições controladas. Desta forma, este trabalho teve por objetivo determinar a contribuição de espécies de Diaporthe na ocorrência do apodrecimento de grãos em vagens verdes e no quebramento de hastes de plantas de soja. Para isso, inicialmente foram obtidos isolados de Diaporthe spp. a partir de plantas de soja com sintomas de apodrecimento de grãos e vagens e de quebramento de haste, que foram posteriormente caracterizados morfológica e molecularmente, visando a identificação a nível de espécie. Avaliou-se a patogenicidade de isolados de D. longicolla e D. ueckerae em vagens e hastes, assim como a capacidade dessas espécies causarem infecção latente. Foram identificadas as espécies D. longicolla, D. ueckerae, D. infecunda e D. pachirae. Os isolados de D. longicolla e D. ueckerae causaram apodrecimento de vagens e grãos na fase de maturação e comprovou-se a ocorrência da infecção latente dessas duas espécies em haste e vagens. Palavras-chave: etiologia; sementes ; infecção latente.
Grain rotting during the grain filling phase has been a recurring problem in the last five soybean harvests, especially in the mid-north region of the state of Mato Grosso, leading to reduced grain quality and yield, resulting in losses of up to 30% in productivity. Also, in the mid-north region of the state of Mato Grosso, during the 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 harvests, a widespread occurrence of soybean stem breakage was reported, both in experimental fields and commercial crops. This breakage compromises mechanized harvesting, leading to a decrease in productivity. Both stem breakage and grain rotting in green pods have been associated with the genus Diaporthe as a possible causal agent, as these fungi are frequently recovered from symptomatic tissues. However, to date, the symptoms of stem breakage observed in the field have not been reproduced through inoculations with Diaporthe fungal isolates under controlled conditions. Thus, this study aimed to determine the contribution of Diaporthe species to the occurrence of grain rotting in green pods and stem breakage in soybean plants. Initially, Diaporthe spp. isolates were obtained from soybean plants with symptoms of grain rotting and pod decay, as well as stem breakage, which were then morphologically and molecularly characterized for species identification. The pathogenicity of D. longicolla and D. ueckerae isolates was evaluated on pods and stems, as well as the ability of these species to cause latent infection. The species D. longicolla, D. ueckerae, D. infecunda, and D. pachirae were identified. Isolates of D. longicolla and D. ueckerae caused pod and grain rot during the maturation phase, and the occurrence of latent infection by these two species in stems and pods was confirmed. Keywords: etiology ; seeds ; latent infection.
Grain rotting during the grain filling phase has been a recurring problem in the last five soybean harvests, especially in the mid-north region of the state of Mato Grosso, leading to reduced grain quality and yield, resulting in losses of up to 30% in productivity. Also, in the mid-north region of the state of Mato Grosso, during the 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 harvests, a widespread occurrence of soybean stem breakage was reported, both in experimental fields and commercial crops. This breakage compromises mechanized harvesting, leading to a decrease in productivity. Both stem breakage and grain rotting in green pods have been associated with the genus Diaporthe as a possible causal agent, as these fungi are frequently recovered from symptomatic tissues. However, to date, the symptoms of stem breakage observed in the field have not been reproduced through inoculations with Diaporthe fungal isolates under controlled conditions. Thus, this study aimed to determine the contribution of Diaporthe species to the occurrence of grain rotting in green pods and stem breakage in soybean plants. Initially, Diaporthe spp. isolates were obtained from soybean plants with symptoms of grain rotting and pod decay, as well as stem breakage, which were then morphologically and molecularly characterized for species identification. The pathogenicity of D. longicolla and D. ueckerae isolates was evaluated on pods and stems, as well as the ability of these species to cause latent infection. The species D. longicolla, D. ueckerae, D. infecunda, and D. pachirae were identified. Isolates of D. longicolla and D. ueckerae caused pod and grain rot during the maturation phase, and the occurrence of latent infection by these two species in stems and pods was confirmed. Keywords: etiology ; seeds ; latent infection.
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VERSARI, Lucas Rodrigues. Contribuição de espécies de Diaporthe na ocorrência de apodrecimento de grãos em vagens verdes e quebramento de haste de soja [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]. 2025. 73 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Fitopatologia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2025.
