Educação sexual no livro didático: perspectivas, propostas e possibilidades
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
A educação sexual não contempla apenas as funções reprodutivas ou o ato sexual. Nela trata-se de diversas temáticas socioculturais, tais como reconhecer as construções culturais de gênero, consentimento, diversidade, desejo, respeito, sentimentos, violência e abuso sexual. A inclusão desse conteúdo a livros didáticos ainda vem de uma visão médico-patológica e higienista que vigorou por várias décadas, e ainda é um pensamento corrente. O objetivo do trabalho aqui apresentado foi analisar as habilidades e os conteúdos específicos da temática educação sexual nos livros didáticos do ensino fundamental, de acordo com a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC), utilizando a análise de conteúdo de Bardin (2016). A fundamentação teórica desta pesquisa está principalmente nas obras de Guacira Louro (1997, 2003, 2010), Judith Butler (2018) e Joan Scott (1995). Foram observadas e analisadas a presença da abordagem de assuntos ligados a temáticas que não são estritamente biológicas, mas sim, socioculturais representados pela habilidade EF08CI11, que auxiliem o ensino-aprendizagem de assuntos pertinentes ao tema, como: gênero, sexualidade, homofobia, machismo, assédio, consentimento e violência sexual. O intuito foi produzir uma cartilha guia para o professor, compilando informações relevantes sobre alguns pontos a serem abordados acerca da habilidade EF08CI11, criando um repertório de informações de fácil acesso e/ou adaptando novos conteúdos. Para a coleta dos dados foram selecionadas todas as coleções aprovadas pelo Programa Nacional do Livro e do Material Didático - PNLD, do ano de 2020, do oitavo ano do ensino fundamental. Em totalidade, são 12 coleções de livros didáticos, dos quais tivemos acesso a 11 exemplares. A análise do corpus constituído por 11 livros didáticos da área de Ciências Naturais apurou que cinco livros contêm uma maior abrangência das categorias de análise, enquanto seis livros possuíam uma menor abrangência, e por consequência, menos volume de conteúdo relacionado a habilidade EF08CI11. A inclusão do tema educação sexual nos livros didáticos é um investimento na formação integral dos estudantes por ir além dos aspectos biológicos para abranger elementos sociais, culturais e afetivos. Portanto, a atualização e o aprimoramento constante desses materiais são cruciais para atender às demandas de uma educação sexual contemporânea e inclusiva. Palavras-chave: Educação Sexual; Livro Didático; Ciências da Natureza; BNCC.
Sexual education does not only cover reproductive functions or sexual intercourse. It deals with various sociocultural themes, such as recognizing cultural constructions of gender, consent, diversity, desire, respect, feelings, violence and sexual abuse. The inclusion of this content in textbooks still comes from a medical-pathological and hygienist vision that has persisted for several decades, and is still current. The objective of the work presented here was to analyze the skills and specific content on the topic of sexual education in elementary school textbooks, according to the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC), using Bardin's content analysis (2016). The theoretical foundation of this research is mainly based in the works of Guacira Louro (1997, 2003, 2010), Judith Butler (2018) and Joan Scott (1995). The presence of the approach to subjects linked to themes that are not strictly biological, but rather sociocultural, represented by the skill EF08CI11, were observed and analyzed, which help the teaching-learning of subjects pertinent to the theme, such as: gender, sexuality, homophobia, machismo, harassment, consent and sexual violence. The goal was to produce a guide booklet for the teacher, compiling relevant information regarding the EF08CI11 skill, creating a repertoire of easily accessible information and/or adapting new content. For data collection, all collections approved by the National Book and Teaching Material Program (PNLD), from the year 2020 and from the eighth year of elementary school, were selected. In total, there are 12 collections of textbooks, and we had access to 11 of them. The analysis of the corpus consisting of 11 textbooks in the area of Natural Sciences found that five books contain a greater range of analysis categories, while six books had a smaller scope, and consequently, less volume of content related to the EF08CI11 skill. The inclusion of this theme in textbooks is an investment in the comprehensive learning of students, going beyond biological aspects to cover social, cultural and affective elements. Therefore, the constant updating and improvement of these materials is crucial to meet the demands of contemporary and inclusive sexual education. Keywords: Sexual Education; Textbooks; Natural Sciences; BNCC.
Sexual education does not only cover reproductive functions or sexual intercourse. It deals with various sociocultural themes, such as recognizing cultural constructions of gender, consent, diversity, desire, respect, feelings, violence and sexual abuse. The inclusion of this content in textbooks still comes from a medical-pathological and hygienist vision that has persisted for several decades, and is still current. The objective of the work presented here was to analyze the skills and specific content on the topic of sexual education in elementary school textbooks, according to the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC), using Bardin's content analysis (2016). The theoretical foundation of this research is mainly based in the works of Guacira Louro (1997, 2003, 2010), Judith Butler (2018) and Joan Scott (1995). The presence of the approach to subjects linked to themes that are not strictly biological, but rather sociocultural, represented by the skill EF08CI11, were observed and analyzed, which help the teaching-learning of subjects pertinent to the theme, such as: gender, sexuality, homophobia, machismo, harassment, consent and sexual violence. The goal was to produce a guide booklet for the teacher, compiling relevant information regarding the EF08CI11 skill, creating a repertoire of easily accessible information and/or adapting new content. For data collection, all collections approved by the National Book and Teaching Material Program (PNLD), from the year 2020 and from the eighth year of elementary school, were selected. In total, there are 12 collections of textbooks, and we had access to 11 of them. The analysis of the corpus consisting of 11 textbooks in the area of Natural Sciences found that five books contain a greater range of analysis categories, while six books had a smaller scope, and consequently, less volume of content related to the EF08CI11 skill. The inclusion of this theme in textbooks is an investment in the comprehensive learning of students, going beyond biological aspects to cover social, cultural and affective elements. Therefore, the constant updating and improvement of these materials is crucial to meet the demands of contemporary and inclusive sexual education. Keywords: Sexual Education; Textbooks; Natural Sciences; BNCC.
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ALMEIDA, Camila Lopes. Educação sexual no livro didático: perspectivas, propostas e possibilidades. 2024. 135 f. Dissertação (Mestrado Profissional em Educação em Ciências e Matemática) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Florestal. 2024.
