As iniquidades no âmbito do trabalho sob a ótica de profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
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A iniquidade pode ser compreendida como desigualdades injustas, evitáveis e moralmente inaceitáveis. A Saúde do Trabalhador configura-se como um eixo fundamental voltado à promoção da saúde e à prevenção de agravos relacionados às atividades e condições laborais. Empiricamente evidencia-se que persistem iniquidades que atravessam o mundo do trabalho em saúde, especialmente aquelas relacionadas a gênero, raça/etnia, sexualidade e à desigual distribuição de cargos de gestão. A Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) figura como um cenário sensível a essas iniquidades, tanto na assistência como no âmbito do trabalho, o que dificulta a concretização dos princípios do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) nas práticas e relações de trabalho. Esta pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa, tem como objetivo compreender as iniquidades inscritas no mundo do trabalho e analisar como estas influenciam as experiências de profissionais da APS de um município do interior de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Participaram 31 profissionais atuantes na equipe mínima, saúde bucal, eMulti, no setor administrativo e de serviços gerais. Os dados foram coletados entre abril e julho de 2025 por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e analisados à luz da Teoria Semiolinguística, proposta por Patrick Charaudeau. A análise dos Imaginários sociodiscursivos emergentes das entrevistas evidenciou que as iniquidades se manifestam de forma recorrente nas hierarquias profissionais, nos vínculos contratuais, nas discriminações de gênero, raça, idade e orientação sexual, bem como nas práticas de assédio, frequentemente naturalizadas no cotidiano laboral. Tais dinâmicas produzem sofrimento, insegurança e estratégias individuais de autopreservação, sobretudo diante da ausência de ações coletivas ou de iniciativas institucionais lideradas pela gestão para o enfrentamento dessas situações. Em consonância com os dados obtidos, foi elaborado um Relatório Técnico Conclusivo, com destaque para o enfrentamento às iniquidades mais sensíveis evidenciadas neste estudo: assédio, maternagem e saúde mental. No documento, descreve-se o processo de organização das estratégias voltadas a esses eixos temáticos, incluindo os diagnósticos construídos a partir dos dados da pesquisa e das discussões realizadas entre os pesquisadores, os membros dos grupos tutoriais do PET-Saúde Equidade e representantes da gestão municipal do cenário investigado. O relatório também reúne as propostas de intervenção consolidadas, formuladas à luz da realidade local. Buscou-se estruturar ações compatíveis com a organização já existente dos serviços, considerando a ausência de recursos financeiros específicos no planejamento financeiro municipal para implementação de medidas voltadas à Saúde do Trabalhador. Nesse sentido, o documento apresenta orientações voltadas à instrumentalização de gestores no enfrentamento das iniquidades no ambiente de trabalho da Atenção Primária à Saúde. A partir dos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que as iniquidades no trabalho da APS se apresentam em diversas facetas e comumente atravessam o cotidiano profissional, demandando enfrentamento institucional pela natureza estrutural em que se inscreve. Torna-se evidente a importância de uma gestão em saúde comprometida com a equidade no mundo do trabalho para a promoção de ambientes laborais mais justos, sustentados pelo diálogo, encaminhamentos formais às necessidades dos profissionais, canais seguros de denúncia e políticas de valorização dos trabalhadores do SUS. Palavras-chave: atenção primária à saúde; saúde do trabalhador; iniquidades em saúde.
Inequity can be understood as unfair, avoidable, and morally unacceptable inequalities. Workers’ Health is established as a fundamental axis aimed at health promotion and the prevention of illnesses and injuries related to work activities and working conditions. Empirical evidence shows that inequities persist across the world of health work, especially those related to gender, race/ethnicity, sexuality, and the unequal distribution of management positions. Primary Health Care (PHC) emerges as a setting particularly sensitive to these inequities, both in care delivery and within the work environment, which hinders the realization of the principles of Brazil’s Unified Health System (SUS) in professional practices and labor relations. This qualitative study aims to understand the inequities embedded in the world of work and to analyze how they influence the experiences of PHC professionals in a municipality in the countryside of Minas Gerais, Brazil. A total of 31 professionals participated, working in the core team, oral health, eMulti, administrative services, and general services. Data were collected between April and July 2025 through semi- structured interviews and analyzed in light of the Semiolinguistic Theory proposed by Patrick Charaudeau. The analysis of the socio-discursive imaginaries emerging from the interviews revealed that inequities are recurrently expressed in professional hierarchies, contractual ties, discrimination based on gender, race, age, and sexual orientation, as well as in harassment practices, which are often naturalized in everyday work life. Such dynamics produce suffering, insecurity, and individual self- preservation strategies, especially in the absence of collective actions or institutional initiatives led by management to confront these situations. In line with the findings, a Final Technical Report was developed, highlighting the need to address the most sensitive inequities evidenced in this study: harassment, mothering burdens, and mental health. The document describes the process of organizing strategies focused on these thematic axes, including diagnoses built from the research data and from discussions held among researchers, members of the PET-Health Equity tutorial groups, and representatives of the municipal management of the investigated setting. The report also compiles the consolidated intervention proposals, formulated in light of the local reality. Efforts were made to structure actions compatible with the existing organization of services, considering the absence of specific financial resources in the municipal budget planning for the implementation of Workers’ Health measures. In this sense, the document provides guidelines aimed at equipping managers to confront inequities in the PHC work environment. Based on the results obtained, it is concluded that inequities in PHC work are manifested in multiple facets and commonly permeate everyday professional life, requiring an institutional response due to their structural nature. The importance of health management committed to equity in the world of work becomes evident for the promotion of fairer labor environments, sustained by dialogue, formal responses to workers’ needs, safe reporting channels, and policies that value SUS workers. Keywords: occupational health; primary health care; health inequities.
Inequity can be understood as unfair, avoidable, and morally unacceptable inequalities. Workers’ Health is established as a fundamental axis aimed at health promotion and the prevention of illnesses and injuries related to work activities and working conditions. Empirical evidence shows that inequities persist across the world of health work, especially those related to gender, race/ethnicity, sexuality, and the unequal distribution of management positions. Primary Health Care (PHC) emerges as a setting particularly sensitive to these inequities, both in care delivery and within the work environment, which hinders the realization of the principles of Brazil’s Unified Health System (SUS) in professional practices and labor relations. This qualitative study aims to understand the inequities embedded in the world of work and to analyze how they influence the experiences of PHC professionals in a municipality in the countryside of Minas Gerais, Brazil. A total of 31 professionals participated, working in the core team, oral health, eMulti, administrative services, and general services. Data were collected between April and July 2025 through semi- structured interviews and analyzed in light of the Semiolinguistic Theory proposed by Patrick Charaudeau. The analysis of the socio-discursive imaginaries emerging from the interviews revealed that inequities are recurrently expressed in professional hierarchies, contractual ties, discrimination based on gender, race, age, and sexual orientation, as well as in harassment practices, which are often naturalized in everyday work life. Such dynamics produce suffering, insecurity, and individual self- preservation strategies, especially in the absence of collective actions or institutional initiatives led by management to confront these situations. In line with the findings, a Final Technical Report was developed, highlighting the need to address the most sensitive inequities evidenced in this study: harassment, mothering burdens, and mental health. The document describes the process of organizing strategies focused on these thematic axes, including diagnoses built from the research data and from discussions held among researchers, members of the PET-Health Equity tutorial groups, and representatives of the municipal management of the investigated setting. The report also compiles the consolidated intervention proposals, formulated in light of the local reality. Efforts were made to structure actions compatible with the existing organization of services, considering the absence of specific financial resources in the municipal budget planning for the implementation of Workers’ Health measures. In this sense, the document provides guidelines aimed at equipping managers to confront inequities in the PHC work environment. Based on the results obtained, it is concluded that inequities in PHC work are manifested in multiple facets and commonly permeate everyday professional life, requiring an institutional response due to their structural nature. The importance of health management committed to equity in the world of work becomes evident for the promotion of fairer labor environments, sustained by dialogue, formal responses to workers’ needs, safe reporting channels, and policies that value SUS workers. Keywords: occupational health; primary health care; health inequities.
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OLIVEIRA, Rafael Lincoln de. As iniquidades no âmbito do trabalho sob a ótica de profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde. 2026. 95 f. Dissertação (Mestrado Profissional em Ciências da Saúde) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2026.
