Soro de leite: concentração, cristalização da lactose e secagem
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Data
2010-12-21
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar atributos de processamento para a concentração, a cristalização da lactose e a secagem de soro integral em escala semi-industrial. O soro em pó integral empregado neste estudo foi concentrado à vácuo em evaporador a placas de único efeito e a secagem foi realizada em spray dryer de único estágio. Relacionadas ao estudo em escala semi-industrial foram realizadas a cristalização da lactose em soro concentrado e a produção de leites e soros em pó em escala laboratorial. A refratômetria foi empregada para determinar a cinética de cristalização da lactose em soro integral concentrado submetido à nucleação primária e à nucleação secundária pela adição de sementes de lactose. A extensão da cristalização e a taxa global de cristalização foram determinadas. As isotermas de sorção de água foram obtidas via gravimetria para o soro desnatado, soro integral, leite desnatado e o leite integral em pó. Foram determinadas as relações matemáticas entre a concentração de lactose no soro integral concentrado e a taxa de cristalização. O processo de nucleação secundária pela adição de sementes de lactose levou a uma cristalização de lactose superior a 70 %. A produção de leite e de soro em pó em escala laboratorial demonstrou que o aumento da porcentagem de soro em misturas de leite e de soro, antes da secagem, produz pós com baixa estabilidade ao armazenamento. As variáveis tecnológicas para a concentração a vácuo do soro, cristalização da lactose e secagem obtidas neste estudo possibilitaram a produção de soro em pó integral com alta estabilidade ao armazenamento. Estes atributos são necessários para otimizar a produção industrial de soro em pó integral.
The objective of this study was to develop the attributes of concentration, crystallization of lactose and spray drying of whole whey in semi industrial scale. The whole whey powder used in this study was concentrated by single stage vacuum plate evaporator and the spray drying was performed at a single stage spray-dryer. In addition to the semi industrial study were evaluated the lactose crystallization in concentrated whey and the milk and whey powders productions in laboratory scale. Refractometry was used to follow the kinetics of lactose crystallization in concentrated whole whey submitted to primary nucleation and to secondary nucleation by lactose addition. The extent of crystallization and the overall crystallization rate were then deduced. Water vapor sorption wasmeasured gravimetrically for skim whey, whole whey, skim milk and whole milk powders. Were determined the mathematical relations between lactose concentration in concentrated whole wheyand the rate of lactose crystallization. The secondary nucleation process by lactose addition permitted more than 70 % of lactose crystallization. In laboratory scale production of milk and whey powders showed that increasing whey percentage in the mixture of milk and whey before drying led to powders with worst storage stability. The technological parameters for vacuum concentration, lactose crystallization and spray drying applied in this study enabled whole whey powder production with good storage stability. These parameters can assist the industrial production of whole whey powders.
The objective of this study was to develop the attributes of concentration, crystallization of lactose and spray drying of whole whey in semi industrial scale. The whole whey powder used in this study was concentrated by single stage vacuum plate evaporator and the spray drying was performed at a single stage spray-dryer. In addition to the semi industrial study were evaluated the lactose crystallization in concentrated whey and the milk and whey powders productions in laboratory scale. Refractometry was used to follow the kinetics of lactose crystallization in concentrated whole whey submitted to primary nucleation and to secondary nucleation by lactose addition. The extent of crystallization and the overall crystallization rate were then deduced. Water vapor sorption wasmeasured gravimetrically for skim whey, whole whey, skim milk and whole milk powders. Were determined the mathematical relations between lactose concentration in concentrated whole wheyand the rate of lactose crystallization. The secondary nucleation process by lactose addition permitted more than 70 % of lactose crystallization. In laboratory scale production of milk and whey powders showed that increasing whey percentage in the mixture of milk and whey before drying led to powders with worst storage stability. The technological parameters for vacuum concentration, lactose crystallization and spray drying applied in this study enabled whole whey powder production with good storage stability. These parameters can assist the industrial production of whole whey powders.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Secagem, Soro, Spray dryer, Drying, Whey, Spray dryer
Citação
PERRONE, ítalo Tuler. Whey: concentration, lactose crystallization and drying. 2010. 95 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ciência de Alimentos; Tecnologia de Alimentos; Engenharia de Alimentos) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2010.