Esporte paralímpico: analisando suas contribuições nas (re)significações do atleta com deficiência
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Data
2012-04-17
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
O Esporte Adaptado surgiu com o intuito de auxiliar indivíduos com deficiência na reabilitação física, social e psicológica. Com o passar do tempo, a aderência às práticas esportivas adaptadas foi crescendo e, consequentemente, a seriedade com a qual o Movimento se desenvolveu. O profissionalismo presente neste contexto e a possibilidade de ascensão pessoal e social podem ter contribuído para tornar o paradesporto mais atraente aos seus praticantes. O caminho rumo ao lugar mais alto do pódio, percorrido diariamente pelos atletas pode estar envolvido por diversas questões que, direta ou indiretamente, contribuem para o crescimento pessoal e profissional dessas atletas. O presente estudo se justifica inicialmente pelo envolvimento profissional e pessoal da pesquisadora com a pessoa com deficiência e com o esporte adaptado e convencional. A importância desta pesquisa se baseia também na oportunidade de disseminar o conhecimento a respeito do Esporte Paralímpico, valorizar as histórias de alguns atletas brasileiros e refletir sobre as contribuições deste fenômeno na vida do indivíduo, bem como sobre as ações necessárias para o seu desenvolvimento. Nesse sentido, após contextualizar historicamente o fenômeno Esporte Paralímpico no Brasil e no mundo, este estudo objetivou conhecer a trajetória esportiva de atletas paralímpicos brasileiros e, a partir de suas narrativas, analisar e discutir sobre o processo de aderência ao esporte adaptado, as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos atletas ao longo da carreira esportiva e as mudanças positivas proporcionadas pelo paradesporto. Além disso, buscou-se conhecer quais são os planejamentos profissionais dos entrevistados para o período que corresponde ao término da carreira esportiva. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa e descritiva cuja técnica de coleta de dados foi a entrevista semiestruturada. Foram entrevistados dez atletas paralímpicos brasileiros atualmente ativos e medalhistas de, pelo menos, uma Paralimpíada. Todos eles preencheram um questionário sociodemográfico cujo objetivo era traçar o perfil amostral quanto à idade, sexo, tempo de prática esportiva, participações em campeonatos, clubes associados, entre outros. Para análise dos dados foi utilizada a técnica de análise categorial, através da qual emergiram discussões sobre: I Aderência Esportiva; II Dificuldades vivenciadas ao longo da trajetória esportiva, III Mudanças
no âmbito pessoal; IV Mudanças no âmbito social; e V Aposentadoria esportiva. Dessa forma, foi possível concluir que a aderência ao esporte dos atletas foi influenciada pelos programas de reabilitação, por técnicos, treinadores envolvidos no paradesporto e por familiares que conheciam o esporte adaptado e o recomendou aos seus entes deficientes. Com relação às barreiras enfrentadas, os depoimentos demonstraram que o preconceito contra a pessoa com deficiência, a falta de patrocinadores no início da carreira, a baixa divulgação midiática, o despreparo de profissionais para atuar junto ao esporte adaptado e a falta de acessibilidade nos espaços urbanos e esportivos foram alguns complicadores da trajetória esportiva. As mudanças positivas proporcionadas pelo esporte perpassaram questões como: melhor aceitação pessoal; aumento de oportunidades econômicas, culturais e educacionais gerado pela profissionalização esportiva; e aumento do reconhecimento social do atleta e da sua identificação como herói, ídolo, exemplo a ser seguido. Todas essas transformações, segundo as narrativas, incrementaram suas relações pessoais e sociais e contribuíram na melhoria da qualidade vida. Sobre a aposentadoria, a maioria dos atletas pretende continuar envolvida no contexto paradesportivo, porém nem todos estão se preparando profissionalmente para desempenhar as atividades futuras.
The Adapted Sports came up with the intention of assisting individuals with disabilities in physical rehabilitation, social and psychological. Over time, adherence to sports was adapted to grow and, consequently, the seriousness with which the movement developed. Professionalism in this context and the possibility of personal and social ascension may have contributed to make the parasports more attractive to its practitioners. The road to the highest place of the podium, traveled daily by athletes can be involved on several issues that directly or indirectly contribute to personal and professional growth of these athletes. This study is justified initially by the professional and personal involvement of the researcher with the disabled person and the adapted sports and conventional. The importance of this research is also based on the opportunity to disseminate knowledge about Paralympic Sport, to value the stories of some Brazilian athletes and reflect on the contributions of this phenomenon in the life of the individual as well as on the actions necessary for its development. In this sense, after historically contextualize the phenomenon in Brazil and Paralympic sports in the world, this study aimed to know the sports career of Brazilian and Paralympic athletes, from their narratives, analyze and discuss: the process of adherence to adapted sports, the difficulties faced by athletes throughout the sports career and the positive changes provided by parasports. We tried to also know what are the plans of professionals interviewed for the period that corresponds to the end of his sporting career. For this purpose, we performed a qualitative and descriptive technique which data collection was semi-structured interview. We interviewed ten Brazilian Paralympic athletes currently active and medals, at least one Paralimpíada. They all completed a sociodemographic questionnaire whose purpose was to profile the sample regarding age, sex, duration of sports practice, participation in competitions, associated clubs, etc. For data analysis technique was used for categorical analysis, which emerged through the discussions: I - Sport Grip; II - Difficulties experienced during the sports career; III - Changes in the personal; IV - Changes in the social sphere; e V - Retirement sport. Thus it was concluded that adherence to the sport of athletes was influenced by rehabilitation programs for coaches, trainers involved in parasports and family who knew the sport and recommended adapted to their loved disabled. Regarding the barriers faced, the testimony showed that prejudice against persons with disabilities, the lack of sponsors early in his career, the low diffusion media, the unpreparedness of professionals to work with the adapted sports and lack of accessibility in urban and sports were some complicating sports career. The positive changes offered by the sport permeated issues as better personal acceptance, increased economic opportunities, cultural and educational generated by professional sports, increased social recognition of the athlete and their identification as a hero, idol, role model. All these transformations according to the narratives, increased their personal and social relationships and contributed to the improvement of quality of life. On retirement, the majority of athletes want to remain involved in the context paradesportivo, but not everyone is getting ready to play professionally for future activities.
The Adapted Sports came up with the intention of assisting individuals with disabilities in physical rehabilitation, social and psychological. Over time, adherence to sports was adapted to grow and, consequently, the seriousness with which the movement developed. Professionalism in this context and the possibility of personal and social ascension may have contributed to make the parasports more attractive to its practitioners. The road to the highest place of the podium, traveled daily by athletes can be involved on several issues that directly or indirectly contribute to personal and professional growth of these athletes. This study is justified initially by the professional and personal involvement of the researcher with the disabled person and the adapted sports and conventional. The importance of this research is also based on the opportunity to disseminate knowledge about Paralympic Sport, to value the stories of some Brazilian athletes and reflect on the contributions of this phenomenon in the life of the individual as well as on the actions necessary for its development. In this sense, after historically contextualize the phenomenon in Brazil and Paralympic sports in the world, this study aimed to know the sports career of Brazilian and Paralympic athletes, from their narratives, analyze and discuss: the process of adherence to adapted sports, the difficulties faced by athletes throughout the sports career and the positive changes provided by parasports. We tried to also know what are the plans of professionals interviewed for the period that corresponds to the end of his sporting career. For this purpose, we performed a qualitative and descriptive technique which data collection was semi-structured interview. We interviewed ten Brazilian Paralympic athletes currently active and medals, at least one Paralimpíada. They all completed a sociodemographic questionnaire whose purpose was to profile the sample regarding age, sex, duration of sports practice, participation in competitions, associated clubs, etc. For data analysis technique was used for categorical analysis, which emerged through the discussions: I - Sport Grip; II - Difficulties experienced during the sports career; III - Changes in the personal; IV - Changes in the social sphere; e V - Retirement sport. Thus it was concluded that adherence to the sport of athletes was influenced by rehabilitation programs for coaches, trainers involved in parasports and family who knew the sport and recommended adapted to their loved disabled. Regarding the barriers faced, the testimony showed that prejudice against persons with disabilities, the lack of sponsors early in his career, the low diffusion media, the unpreparedness of professionals to work with the adapted sports and lack of accessibility in urban and sports were some complicating sports career. The positive changes offered by the sport permeated issues as better personal acceptance, increased economic opportunities, cultural and educational generated by professional sports, increased social recognition of the athlete and their identification as a hero, idol, role model. All these transformations according to the narratives, increased their personal and social relationships and contributed to the improvement of quality of life. On retirement, the majority of athletes want to remain involved in the context paradesportivo, but not everyone is getting ready to play professionally for future activities.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Esporte paralímpico, Deficiência, Inclusão, Paralympic sport, Disability, Inclusion
Citação
BENFICA, Dallila Tâmara. Paralympic sport: analyzing their contributions in the (re)significations of athletes with disabilities. 2012. 128 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Aspectos sócio-culturais do movimento humano; Aspectos biodinâmicos do movimento humano) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2012.