Alterações dos comportamentos humanos habituais e autopercepção da saúde durante a pandemia de COVID-19 numa comunidade universitária
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2022-11-25
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
A COVID-19 ocasionou mudanças nos comportamentos de movimentos da população devido às suas sequelas e o isolamento social, impactando o estado de saúde e tornando suas consequências a longo prazo desconhecidas e/ou inconclusivas. Assim, o principal objetivo do estudo foi identificar alterações de hábitos relacionados à saúde, nível de atividade física (NAF), comportamento sedentário (CS) e índice de massa corporal (IMC) numa população universitária. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com 1655 indivíduos de ambos os sexos (17 a 72 anos) vinculados a Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Aplicou-se um formulário online adaptado do "ConVid: Pesquisa de Comportamentos" e a versão curta do International Physical Activity Questionnaire. O teste de McNemar foi utilizado para a comparação dos indicadores relacionados ao NAF, CS, consumo de tabaco, álcool e IMC, considerando os momentos “antes versus durante” a pandemia (α=5%). Realizou-se também, regressões multinomiais apresentando como desfecho a autopercepção do estado de saúde (AES) e o número de sintomas, associadas com medidas sociodemográficas e comportamentais. Observou-se que durante a pandemia houve um aumento de indivíduos que não atingiram as recomendações nas três categorias do NAF (p<0,001), caminhada (42,8% para 80,6%); AF moderada (74,3% para 80,6%) e AF vigorosa (64,6% para 71,8%). Além de aumento do CS (p<0,001), considerando o tempo de uso elevado (≥4h) para TV (2,4% para 12,7%) e de computador/tablet (58,1% para 81,8%). O consumo de álcool passou de 64,1% para 64,9% (p<0,001) e o uso de cigarros foi de 5,7% para 7,8% (p<0,001). Foi constatado aumento do percentual de obesidade (7,7% para 11,1%) e sobrepeso (22,6% para 28,1%). Quando avaliado a associação entre a AES e número de sintomas com medidas sociodemográficas e comportamentais, observou-se que não ser da cor branca (OR= 1,62; p=0,029); ter ensino médio completo (OR= 3,21; p<0,001); ter renda diminuída ou ficar sem (OR=3,67; p<0,001); autoavaliar-se com uma piora na mudança da saúde (OR=20,20; p<0,001); conter diagnóstico para 1 doença crônica ou mais (OR=4,78; p<0,001; OR=5,60; p<0,001); apresentar 5 ou mais sintomas da COVID-19 (OR=3,23; p<0,001) e 3 ou 4 sintomas (OR=3,02; p<0,001), foram fatores que contribuíram para chances elevadas da AES “ruim/péssima”. Entre os fatores comportamentais, destaca-se, não atingir as recomendações do NAF, caminhada (OR=2,52; p=0,01), AF moderada (OR= 3,83; p=0,002), AF vigorosa (OR=3,05; p<0,001); tempo de tela elevado (OR=1,79; p=0,041); obesidade (OR=1,17; p<0,001) e fumar (OR=2,59; p=0,002). Em relação ao número de sintomas, conter 1 DCNT (OR=2,31; p<0,001); autoavaliar-se com AES “ruim/péssima” (OR=1,86; p=0,044), contribuíram para chances elevadas de apresentar “1 a 3” sintomas. Enquanto má qualidade de sono (OR=2,00; p<0,001); consumir bebida alcóolica (OR=1,68; p<0,001); fumar (OR=1,80; p=0,008) apresentaram maiores chances de “4 ou mais” sintomas. Tais resultados demonstraram que a população avaliada apresentou um estivo de vida menos ativo, mais sedentário e com aumento do excesso de peso. Ademais, medidas sociodemográficas e comportamentais apresentaram influência sobre a AES e no número de sintomas da COVID-19. Tais comportamentos podem aumentar os fatores de risco à saúde, necessitando, portanto, de intervenções multidisciplinares. Palavras-chave: Atividade física. Comportamento sedentário. Hábitos. COVID-19. Indicadores do estado de saúde.
COVID-19 caused changes in the behavior of population movements due to its sequelae and social isolation, impacting health status and making its long-term consequences unknown and/or inconclusive. Thus, the main objective of the study was to identify changes in health-related habits, physical activity level (PAL), sedentary behavior (CS) and body mass index (BMI) in a university population. This is a cross- sectional study with 1655 individuals of both sexes (17 to 72 years old) linked to the Federal University of Viçosa. An online form adapted from the "ConVid: Behavior Survey" and the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire were applied. The McNemar test was used to compare indicators related to PAL, CS, tobacco consumption, alcohol and BMI, considering the moments “before versus during” the pandemic (α=5%). Multinomial regressions were also carried out, presenting self-perceived health status (AES) and the number of symptoms as an outcome, associated with sociodemographic and behavioral measures. It was observed that during the pandemic there was an increase in individuals who did not meet the recommendations in the three PAL categories (p<0.001), walking (42.8% to 80.6%); Moderate PA (74.3% to 80.6%) and vigorous PA (64.6% to 71.8%). In addition to the increase in CS (p<0.001), considering the high time of use (≥4h) for TV (2.4% to 12.7%) and computer/tablet (58.1% to 81.8%). Alcohol consumption went from 64.1% to 64.9% (p<0.001) and cigarette use went from 5.7% to 7.8% (p<0.001). There was an increase in the percentage of obesity (7.7% to 11.1%) and overweight (22.6% to 28.1%). When evaluating the association between AES and number of symptoms with sociodemographic and behavioral measures, it was observed that not being white (OR= 1.62; p=0.029); having completed high school (OR= 3.21; p<0.001); having reduced income or going without (OR=3.67; p<0.001); self-evaluation with a worsening in health change (OR=20.20; p<0.001); contain diagnosis for 1 chronic disease or more (OR=4.78; p<0.001; OR=5.60; p<0.001); having 5 or more symptoms of COVID-19 (OR=3.23; p<0.001) and 3 or 4 symptoms (OR=3.02; p<0.001), were factors that contributed to high odds of “bad/very bad” AES”. Among the behavioral factors, it stands out, not reaching the PAL recommendations, walking (OR=2.52; p=0.01), moderate PA (OR= 3.83; p=0.002), vigorous PA (OR= 3.05; p<0.001); high screen time (OR=1.79; p=0.041); obesity (OR=1.17; p<0.001) and smoking (OR=2.59; p=0.002). Regarding the number of symptoms, contain 1 CNCD (OR=2.31; p<0.001); self-assessment with “poor/terrible” AES (OR=1.86; p=0.044), contributed to high chances of presenting “1 to 3” symptoms. While poor sleep quality (OR=2.00; p<0.001); consume alcoholic beverages (OR=1.68; p<0.001); smoking (OR=1.80; p=0.008) were more likely to have “4 or more” symptoms. Such results demonstrated that the evaluated population presented a less active lifestyle, more sedentary and with an increase in excess weight. Furthermore, sociodemographic and behavioral measures influenced the AES and the number of COVID-19 symptoms. Such behaviors can increase health risk factors, therefore requiring multidisciplinary interventions. Keywords: Physical activity. Sedentary behavior. Habits. COVID-19. Health status indicators.
COVID-19 caused changes in the behavior of population movements due to its sequelae and social isolation, impacting health status and making its long-term consequences unknown and/or inconclusive. Thus, the main objective of the study was to identify changes in health-related habits, physical activity level (PAL), sedentary behavior (CS) and body mass index (BMI) in a university population. This is a cross- sectional study with 1655 individuals of both sexes (17 to 72 years old) linked to the Federal University of Viçosa. An online form adapted from the "ConVid: Behavior Survey" and the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire were applied. The McNemar test was used to compare indicators related to PAL, CS, tobacco consumption, alcohol and BMI, considering the moments “before versus during” the pandemic (α=5%). Multinomial regressions were also carried out, presenting self-perceived health status (AES) and the number of symptoms as an outcome, associated with sociodemographic and behavioral measures. It was observed that during the pandemic there was an increase in individuals who did not meet the recommendations in the three PAL categories (p<0.001), walking (42.8% to 80.6%); Moderate PA (74.3% to 80.6%) and vigorous PA (64.6% to 71.8%). In addition to the increase in CS (p<0.001), considering the high time of use (≥4h) for TV (2.4% to 12.7%) and computer/tablet (58.1% to 81.8%). Alcohol consumption went from 64.1% to 64.9% (p<0.001) and cigarette use went from 5.7% to 7.8% (p<0.001). There was an increase in the percentage of obesity (7.7% to 11.1%) and overweight (22.6% to 28.1%). When evaluating the association between AES and number of symptoms with sociodemographic and behavioral measures, it was observed that not being white (OR= 1.62; p=0.029); having completed high school (OR= 3.21; p<0.001); having reduced income or going without (OR=3.67; p<0.001); self-evaluation with a worsening in health change (OR=20.20; p<0.001); contain diagnosis for 1 chronic disease or more (OR=4.78; p<0.001; OR=5.60; p<0.001); having 5 or more symptoms of COVID-19 (OR=3.23; p<0.001) and 3 or 4 symptoms (OR=3.02; p<0.001), were factors that contributed to high odds of “bad/very bad” AES”. Among the behavioral factors, it stands out, not reaching the PAL recommendations, walking (OR=2.52; p=0.01), moderate PA (OR= 3.83; p=0.002), vigorous PA (OR= 3.05; p<0.001); high screen time (OR=1.79; p=0.041); obesity (OR=1.17; p<0.001) and smoking (OR=2.59; p=0.002). Regarding the number of symptoms, contain 1 CNCD (OR=2.31; p<0.001); self-assessment with “poor/terrible” AES (OR=1.86; p=0.044), contributed to high chances of presenting “1 to 3” symptoms. While poor sleep quality (OR=2.00; p<0.001); consume alcoholic beverages (OR=1.68; p<0.001); smoking (OR=1.80; p=0.008) were more likely to have “4 or more” symptoms. Such results demonstrated that the evaluated population presented a less active lifestyle, more sedentary and with an increase in excess weight. Furthermore, sociodemographic and behavioral measures influenced the AES and the number of COVID-19 symptoms. Such behaviors can increase health risk factors, therefore requiring multidisciplinary interventions. Keywords: Physical activity. Sedentary behavior. Habits. COVID-19. Health status indicators.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
COVID-19 (Doença) - Aspectos da saúde, Exercícios físicos - Aspectos da saúde, Comportamento sedentário, Obesidade, Fumo - Vício, Alcoolismo
Citação
GUILHERME, Larissa Quintão. Alterações dos comportamentos humanos habituais e autopercepção da saúde durante a pandemia de COVID-19 numa comunidade universitária. 2022. 127 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Educação Física) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2022.