A Pesca artesanal e as políticas públicas pesqueiras em Pernambuco, Brasil
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Data
2025-02-27
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
Desde o final do século XIX, o setor pesqueiro brasileiro tem sido influenciado por políticas públicas, alinhadas sistematicamente a uma abordagem industrial e modernizadora da atividade. Essa priorização da pesca industrial em contraposição à pesca artesanal, atrelada a um conjunto de fragilidades institucionais e programas pouco efetivos, paradoxalmente não desenvolveu o setor industrial como almejado e contribuiu para a perpetuação das vulnerabilidades das comunidades pesqueiras, além da degradação dos recursos naturais. Nesse panorama, a presente pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar as políticas públicas pesqueiras e o seu papel junto às comunidades da pesca artesanal em Pernambuco. Para as análises, recorreu-se a um conjunto de metodologias que buscou compreender o contexto de atuação das políticas públicas que afetam os pescadores do estado, a partir de uma perspectiva que as insere no cenário geral da gestão da atividade pesqueira. O estudo enquadra-se como qualitativo e quantitativo, de caráter exploratório e descritivo, alicerçando-se na pesquisa documental e bibliográfica. Na operacionalização das análises são empregadas técnicas mistas que associam exploração interpretativa dos dados e técnicas quantitativas e estatísticas, especificamente, a bibliometria, o coeficiente de Spearman e a correlação espacial a partir da utilização do I de Moran Global e Local univariado e bivariado. Os resultados mostram, inicialmente, que as pesquisas acadêmicas sobre a pesca artesanal são escassas no que se refere, sobretudo, ao pescador e seus modos de vida e são ainda mais limitadas no que tange à temática das políticas públicas. No que se refere ao conhecimento sobre as comunidades pesqueiras, nota-se a falta de um sistema de informações robusto e inclusivo que possibilite conhecer a sua realidade, de modo a amparar decisões governamentais compatíveis às suas potencialidades, necessidades e desafios. Já em termos de políticas públicas materializadas em ações concretas, verifica-se que, embora tenham aumentado, no decorrer dos anos, o número de iniciativas que reconhecem os pescadores como beneficiários, na prática, não houve uma ampliação proporcional de acesso. Conclui-se, portanto, que não há uma política estruturada e arranjos institucionais adequados às necessidades da pesca artesanal, tampouco que se debruce na valorização dos seus modos de vida, na superação das suas adversidades, na garantia de acesso aos territórios e na preservação dos recursos pesqueiros e naturais. As políticas públicas estaduais e federais são pontuais e descontinuadas ou com limitação de acesso. No caso, das duas principais, o Seguro-Defeso e o Chapéu de Palha, ainda que demonstrem continuidade, maior abrangência, não possuem articulação institucional vertical e horizontal, alinhados a uma proposta estadual e nacional voltadas à gestão sustentável da pesca. Palavras-chave: Pesca artesanal; Políticas públicas; Pernambuco; Brasil; Bibliometria; Correlação; Análise espacial
Since the late 19th century, the Brazilian fishing sector has been shaped by public policies that have systematically favored an industrial and modernizing approach to the activity. This prioritization of industrial fishing over artisanal fishing, combined with institutional weaknesses and ineffective programs, paradoxically failed to achieve the desired development of the industrial sector while contributing to the persistence of vulnerabilities among fishing communities and the degradation of natural resources. In this context, the present study aims to analyze public fishing policies and their role in artisanal fishing communities in the state of Pernambuco. A combination of methodologies was employed to understand the context in which these public policies operate, incorporating them into the broader framework of fisheries management. The study is characterized as both qualitative and quantitative, exploratory and descriptive in nature, and is based on documentary and bibliographic research. To conduct the analyses, mixed methods were used, combining interpretive data exploration with quantitative and statistical techniques, specifically bibliometrics, Spearman's correlation coefficient, and spatial correlation through univariate and bivariate Global and Local Moran’s I. Preliminary results indicate that academic research on artisanal fishing remains scarce, particularly in relation to fishers and their ways of life, and is even more limited when it comes to public policy. There is a notable absence of a robust and inclusive information system that could support an in-depth understanding of fishing communities and thereby inform government decisions aligned with their potential, needs, and challenges. With regard to public policies implemented through concrete actions, although the number of initiatives recognizing fishers as beneficiaries has increased over the years, there has not been a corresponding expansion in effective access. It is therefore concluded that no structured policy or institutional arrangement adequately addresses the needs of artisanal fishing, nor is there a focus on valuing traditional ways of life, overcoming adversities, ensuring territorial rights, or preserving fishing practices and natural resources. State and federal public policies remain fragmented and discontinuous, or face issues of accessibility. Even in the case of the two main programs, Seguro- Defeso and Chapéu de Palha, which show greater continuity and reach, there is a lack of vertical and horizontal institutional coordination within a cohesive state and national strategy for sustainable fisheries management. Keywords: Artisanal fishing; Public policies; Pernambuco; Brazil; Bibliometrics; Correlation; Spatial analysis
Since the late 19th century, the Brazilian fishing sector has been shaped by public policies that have systematically favored an industrial and modernizing approach to the activity. This prioritization of industrial fishing over artisanal fishing, combined with institutional weaknesses and ineffective programs, paradoxically failed to achieve the desired development of the industrial sector while contributing to the persistence of vulnerabilities among fishing communities and the degradation of natural resources. In this context, the present study aims to analyze public fishing policies and their role in artisanal fishing communities in the state of Pernambuco. A combination of methodologies was employed to understand the context in which these public policies operate, incorporating them into the broader framework of fisheries management. The study is characterized as both qualitative and quantitative, exploratory and descriptive in nature, and is based on documentary and bibliographic research. To conduct the analyses, mixed methods were used, combining interpretive data exploration with quantitative and statistical techniques, specifically bibliometrics, Spearman's correlation coefficient, and spatial correlation through univariate and bivariate Global and Local Moran’s I. Preliminary results indicate that academic research on artisanal fishing remains scarce, particularly in relation to fishers and their ways of life, and is even more limited when it comes to public policy. There is a notable absence of a robust and inclusive information system that could support an in-depth understanding of fishing communities and thereby inform government decisions aligned with their potential, needs, and challenges. With regard to public policies implemented through concrete actions, although the number of initiatives recognizing fishers as beneficiaries has increased over the years, there has not been a corresponding expansion in effective access. It is therefore concluded that no structured policy or institutional arrangement adequately addresses the needs of artisanal fishing, nor is there a focus on valuing traditional ways of life, overcoming adversities, ensuring territorial rights, or preserving fishing practices and natural resources. State and federal public policies remain fragmented and discontinuous, or face issues of accessibility. Even in the case of the two main programs, Seguro- Defeso and Chapéu de Palha, which show greater continuity and reach, there is a lack of vertical and horizontal institutional coordination within a cohesive state and national strategy for sustainable fisheries management. Keywords: Artisanal fishing; Public policies; Pernambuco; Brazil; Bibliometrics; Correlation; Spatial analysis
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Pesca artesanal - Pernambuco, Política pesqueira - Pernambuco, Bibliometria, Correlação (Estatística), Análise espacial (Estatística)
Citação
FIALHO, Micheli Fontes. A Pesca artesanal e as políticas públicas pesqueiras em Pernambuco, Brasil. 2025. 128 f. Tese (Doutorado em Extensão Rural) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2025.